Monday- Continue presentations. Notes on bottom. 

Tuesday- Continue presentations

Wednesday- Continue presentations

Thursday- Continue presentations, start notes on Nam

Friday- Vietnam presentation

1960's 

Marilyn Monroe and the Kennedy Brothers

having secret relationships

JFK assassination
MLK assassination
Malcolm X assassination

Montgomery Bus boycott- after Rosa Parks was kicked out of the bus because she wouldn't give up her seat
Selma to Montgomery March

1990's
the OJ Simpson case 
President Clinton had an affair with Monica

1970's 
Nixon won all but one state in 72
Carter won the 74 election 

gay rights movement 
Apollo 13 landed on earth
Clean air act- limit polluting  
26 amendment 18 years old the  right to vote 

Iran Hostage crisis- they took 66 Americans 

Watergate- business complex people wanted to break into the Watergate head quarters and get information about demarcate to get Nixon re elected, they were caught.  Taping the phones.  Once he found out about the break in and tried to cover it up, and he resigned.  

2000's

Bush and Gore 2000 election Bush won 
2004 election Bush won again
2008 - 2012 Obama won 

'Nam 

The Vietnam Conflict 1950-1975 

Goal: Stop communism (domino affect) 

The French Connection 

• France had control of Indochina until the Japanese took it over
• After the war was over, we believed Ho Chi Minh would give freedom to his people
• Vietnamese defeated French
• Short period of time, Nam was given independence

Geneva Conference 1954 

• Vietnam was partitioned temporarily into a Northern and a southern zone of Vietnam at the 17th parallel
• The North was ruled by Ho Chi Minh
• The South ruled by Diem
• Conference set up to unify the country by July 1956

Who fought? 

• US Armed Force
• Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) (the SouthVietnamese army)
• The NLF, a group of South Vietnamese guerilla fighters (Vietcong) 
• People's Army of Viet Nam (PAVN- the North Vietnamese Army, pronounced Pahvin) 

What we need to know about Nam for Semester Test: 

Nam 

1. Beginnings 
2. Gulfof Tonkin 

• Gulf of Tonkin-Body of water
• Several US ships were supposedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Gulf of Tonkin
• August of 1964
• Congress gave Johnson the power to wage war
• Only two people in Congress voted against it 

• Escalation

• Under escalation, US involvement increased over a period of years. Started with the deployment of non combat military advisors to the South Vietnamese Army
• Then started using special forces (Green Berets) for commando style operations
• Started sending regular combat troops but only for defensive purposes ONLY
• Use of regular troops for combat
• Once US troops were in active combat, escalation shifted to the adding of more US troops

1. Tet Offensive  

• Johnson and General William 
• Westmoreland (major General in war) kept saying that with more troops we will win the war
• Most Americans believed at first
• 1968, a massive offensive was put on by North Vietnamese on the South 
• Planned for months, stockpiling in cities
• Tet holiday was celebrated in Nam 
• US crushed them in Tet offensive  
• People started protesting 
• Increased belief that government was misleading American people about a war
• Pentagon Papers- Under Nixon- 
• Someone leaked to New York Times information on the Vietnam war-saying that they weren't telling the full story 

Operation Rolling Thunder 

• Was the code name for the nonstop bombing raids in North Nam conducted by the US armed forces
• Its purpose was to destroy the will of North Namese to fight, to destroy industrial bases and air defensives 

1. Anti-war 

1. Vietnamization De-escalation 

• Nixon called for the "Vietnamization" of the war
• "Peace with Honor" 
• Gradually pull US troops out and train the ARVN to take our place in fighting the north
• Expanded the war into Laos and Cambodia leading to college protests (Kent St)

1. Paris Peace Accords
2. The End

Kennedy and Nam 

• Kennedy strongly believed in NOT fighting in Nam 
• We were supporting Diem for he was the only anti-communist 

My Lai Massacre 1968 

• US soldiers killed 504 Vietnamese civilians
• Women were raped and bodies mutilated 

Getting out of serving 

• Went to Canada or Sweden
• Went to college 
• Got married 
• Medically unfit for service 
• Joined National Guard or Peace Corps
• Claimed to be homosexual 
• Being rich

Monday:

Korean War/Conflict:

• Korea was invaded and ruled by Japan from 1910 until 1945
• after WWII, Korea was split into two-north(USSR) and south(US) at the 38th parallel
• an election was going to be held eventually unify Korea
• the United Nations held en election in 1948
• the soviet union refused to allow participation in the election in their occupied zone
• instead, they handed over power to the North Korean Communist Party under Kim IL-Sung
• the South elected the nationalist exile Syngman Rhee
• US government stated in January, 1950 that Korea was outside o four defense perimeter
• this encourage president Syngman Rhee and North Korea leader Kim II-Sung both wanted to reunite Korea under their own systems
• Because of the US withdrawal, the North Koreans were the ones able to go the offensive 
• the people's republic of china and the soviet union were wary of a war in Korea
• Mao and Stalin were concerned that it would encourage american intervention in Asia after just leaving
• Kim was able to manipulate both Mao and Staling into supporting their invasion of South Korea

The War Begins:

• on June 25, 1950, North Korean forces invaded the south
• using soviet equipment, their surprise
• within days south Korean forces
• Seoul was captured by the north Koreans in early July
• eventually the south Korean forces and the small number of americans in Korea, were driven into a small area in the south(Pusan Perimeter)
• with the help of US supplies and air support, the south Korean forces managed to stabilize this area
• although more UN support arrived it looked as though the north could gain control of the entire peninsula
•  the invasion of south Korea came as a complete surprise to the US
• on hearing of the invasion, Truman agreed to use US airstrikes against the north Korean forces
• General Douglas MacArthur was put in charge of American forces in the Pacific

United Nations Police Action:

• United Nations Security Council voted to send troops to help South Korea
• US, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union were permanent members that could veto the police action

UN Forces vs Communist Forces:

• US, South Korea, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Thailand, Greece, the Netherlands, Ethiopia, Colombia, the Philippines, Belgium, and Luxembourg
• North Korea, Soviet Union , China

UN Attacks:

• in order to help troops in Pusan Perimeter, MacArthur ordered an amphibious landing for behind the north Korean troops further at Inchon
• United Nations troops landed at Inchon and faced mild resistance and quickly recaptured Seoul
• the North Koreans, finding their supply lines cut, began a rapid retreat north wards from the Pusan Perimeter
• UN and SK forces drive north ward from the Pusan Perimeter
• to unite with the Inchon troops
• the United Nation troops drove the Koreans back past the 38th parallel
• Due to the victory at Inchon, the goal of saving south Korea had been achieved
• the US/UN decided to continue into North Korea to try and unite the country
• this greatly concerned the Chinese, who worried that the UN forces might not stop with North Korea and might continue into China
• Many in the west thought that spreading the war to china was a good idea
• truman and the other leaders disagreed
• MacArthur was ordered to be very cautious when approaching the Chinese border

Tuesday:

work day

Wednesday:

started presenting on the 1950's

Monday:

The Second Red Scare----1947--1957:

Causes:

• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
  • Found guilt of spying for the Soviets--executed in 1953

Causes of the 2nd Red Scare Cont.

• the iron curtain surrounding eastern Europe--1945
• the USSR detonating their atomic bomb---1949
• china became communist in 1949
• the Korean war starting in 1950--Domino effect
• Stalin's actions in Germany-Berlin Blockade

Alger Hiss Trial---1950:

• in 1948, Alger Hiss was accused of being a member of a Communist group whose purpose had been to infiltrate the US government
• Hiss maintained innocence throughout trials
• In 1949, the trials ended with a hung jury-8-4 in favor of conviction
• the second trial began later in 1949 and found Hiss guilty
• Hiss' conviction was later upheld bu the Court of Appeals and the US Supreme Court 
• Hiss served 5 years in prison
• in 1992, a former Soviet intelligence officer said that Hiss was not a Soviet spy, but rather a victim of Cold War hysteria

East and West Germany--1949---1990

 Chiang Kai Shek vs Mao Zedong

Alien Registration Act of 1940(smith act)

• made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US government
• Required all non citizen adult residents to register 
• approximately 215 people were indicted under the Anarchists, and fascists
• Prosecutions under the smith act continued until a the supreme court decision declared law unconstitutional in 1957

McCarthy and McCarthyism:

• Joseph McCarthy(1908--1957) was a republican senator from Wisconsin
• in 1950, he gave a speech where he claimed to have a list of 205 communists in the state department
• no one in the press actually saw the names on the list, but McCarthy's announcement made national news and caused panic throughout the country 
• McCarthy became one of the most powerful people in the US

Supporters of McCarthy:

• Republicans
• Catholics
• Conservative Protestants
• Blue-collar workers
• Joseph Kennedy and his family

McCarthy's Downfall:

• McCarthy's downfall finally began in October 1953, when he started to investigate communist infiltration into the military
• this was the final straw for president Dwight D. Eisenhower, who realized that McCarthy's movement needed to be stopped
• in late 1954, the senate voted to censure him for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges
• McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism

McCarthyism:

• the practice of making accusation of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence

House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC-1945--1975:

• this organization went after directors and doctors in Hollywood
• the committee believed that films were spreading communist propaganda 
• they set up hearings to investigate the movie industry
• Hollywood Ten
  • each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay a $1,000 fine
• Blacklisted Directors/Actors/Actresses

US Test Hydrogen Bomb-1952:

• 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb
• set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands

USSR Launches Sputnik--1957

Yuri Gagarin-1961:

• caused US to panic
• JFK's Moonshot speech

Francis Gary Powers Shot Down in USSR--1960

Eisenhower Embarrassment:

• Khrushchev:
  • i  must tell you a secret. when i made my first report i deliberately did not say that the pilot was alive and well.........and now just look how many silly things(the americans) have said

Berlin Wall----1961

Brandenburg Gate and Checkpoint Charlie:

• one check point to go from east to west Germany 

Tuesday:

watched a video over the Berlin wall and how it divides the west and east Germany

Fidel Castro Overthrows Batista

Bay of pigs:

• what is it?
  • an invasion of Cuban's to take over Castro
  • these Cubans left when Castro came to power and moved to the US
  • the US trained the Cubans and then they went back and took it over
  • they wanted to save the people from communism 
• what were the results?
  • it was a failed invasion that US trained 
  • Castro found out that Kennedy was in charge of this and was nit happy
  • Kennedy was really embarrassed 
  • The us kind of lost trust of Kennedy after that
  • they thought he was weak
• how did it hurt president Kennedy?

The compromise:

• the soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba 
• the US would compromise never to invade Cuba 
• The US would secretly remove our nuclear missiles from Turkey within 6 months

Wednesday:

13 Days:

• be able to describe what happened in the crisis
•  be able to describe the different choices that Kennedy had to choose from in dealing with this threat
• be able to explain the compromise that was reached to end the crisis
• be able to explain how this crisis was an example of brinkmanship

Leonid Brezhnev-1964-1982

Detente-1970's

Nixon Visits China

Nixon Visits Moscow

Soviets Invade Afghanistan-1979

Ronald Reagan Becomes President--1981

• ran on a very strong anti-communist platform
• Soviets had just invaded Afghanistan

Yuri Andropov-USSR Leader--1982

SDI-Star Wars:

Strategic Defense Initiative:

• 1983-Ronald Reagan- large scale funding
• intended to be a defensive shield against the potential soviet
• aim was to make nuclear weapons obsolete
• this would be achieve by developing technology to shoot down inter-continental ballistic missiles(ICBM's) in space

Konstantin Chernenko Takes Over--1985

Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to power in USSR-1985

Perestroika and Glasnost -1985:

• perestroika-Restructuring of the soviet economy and political system
  • more democracy
  • free elections
• Glasnost -more openness of the soviet government and for it's people 
  • free speech and press

Berlin Wall comes down--November 9, 1989

Boris Yeltsin-President of Russia-1991-1999

Discussion:

why did the US win the Cold War?

why did the USSR lose the Cold War?

1. we had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn't

2. china started siding with us after 1972

3. the soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US's s flourishing

• Huge deficit
• High inflation
• Corruption
• Social problems
• shortage of basic needs(food, housing)

4. the strong anti-communist presidency of Reagan

5. Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform

• glasnost and perestroika
• admitted soviet mistakes
• too blame for the cold war
• communist system had failed
• allowed eastern Europe to do what they wanted

6. arms reduction talks

• SALT, INF, Reagan-Gorbachev meetings

7. Soviet Mistakes

• invasion of Afghanistan
• ignoring social concerns
• spent everything on military

Post-Cold War:

• in the 1990's, the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place
• we didn't have any major threat to worry about
• president Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing the size of the US military 
• 9-11 caught the US off guard

Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary Join NATO-1999

Putin New Leader in Russia-----1999----2008 and 2012--??

Russia vs. Ukraine-2014-15

• Ukraine wanted to join the European Union but leader did not want to as he Pro-Russia 
• Ukrainian leader is forced out
• Russia moves troop in the Crimean Peninsula and annexes it after Crimean voters vote to approve annexation
• the US declares this act by Russia as Illegal
• Russia invades Ukraine to protect pro-Russians in Ukraine
• Cease-fire was signed in February, 2015

Cease-Fire 

Friday:

work day for presentation

Monday:

Brinkmanship--1950's-1960's:

• We didn't want to totally get into war

Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction:

• Massive Retaliation---someone launches bombs on us, we will fight back
  • that brings out Mutual Deterrence
    • and that brings out Mutual Assured Destruction

Mutual Defense 

• We have nuclear weapons to defend people from our place
• we don't actually use them 

NATO:

• in 1949 the western nations formed the north Atlantic treaty organization co-ordinate their defense against Russia
• NATO was a defensive alliance
• This was the first peacetime alliance in US History
• It consisted of
  • america, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy
    • still around today and has expanded

Warsaw Pact---1955-1991

NATO today:

Russia is not in it today

CIA v KGB:

• Central Intelligence Agency---1947-Present
• Komitet Grosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti-------KGB
  • Committee for state security
  • 1954-1991

Stalin Dies---1953

Nikita Khrushchev-1953-1964

Peaceful Co-existence-after 1953

• after Stalin dies, the people realize that we don't need to go to war
• we can live peacefully 

De-Stainization-after 1953

• they realized they should kill all their people
• they tore down statues of Stalin
• they imprisoned people 

Detente--1970's:

• easy of tensions----detente

Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to Power in USSR--1985

• he was the last leader of the soviet union

Perestroika and Glasnost--1985:

• Perestroika-Restructuring of the soviet union economy and political system
  • more democracy 
  • free elections
• Glasnost-More openness of the soviet government and for it's people
  • free speech and press

Tuesday:

continuing the cold war power point

Manhattan Project----the atomic bomb

USSR's First Atomic Test---1949

Nuclear Powers of the World:

• 1st 5: US, Soviet  union, China, Great Britain, and France
• North Korea, China,  Pakistan
  • Iran developing
  • Israel??we know they have some, but Israel hasn't come out and said they have any

How Many Nuclear Missiles would it take to blow up the earth:

• 3.6 million is the smallest bomb to bomb the earth
• 600,000 for US
• 15,000 is the largest bomb to bomb the earth 

Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizations

• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty---1963
• ----underground nuclear testing
• Nuclear non-proliferation Treaty---1968
• SALT I Treaty--1972
• SALT was to reduce the amount of war heads/nuclear weapons 

Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty--1970

• Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology
• promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
• further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament

Anti-Ballistic Missile--1972-US/USSR:

• Limited weapons that would speak out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
• in the 1980's, President Ronald Reagan announces the strategic defense initiative(SDI)
• Us withdraws in the 2002 under George W. Bush 
• Withdraw due to missile defense system
•  

The Ballistic Missile Defense System:

• Missile Defense Agency
• program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attack on the US or allies

Wednesday:

Thursday:

work day

Friday:

work doy

Monday:

project:

we are 1960's

items to research and include in your presentations;

• music/singers
• movies/actors
• tv shows/actors
• video games
• sports/Olympics(baseball, football, gymnastics......others)
• fashion
• fads
• inventions
• presidential elections
• civil rights for African americans
• equal rights for women
• major events--------do not talk about Vietnam war(talk about the impact it had on us)-----------major events that shaped the decade
• interview about someone in their 60's---------their experience in the in the 60's
• outline--20 points------question about the 60's for semester test
• the project not including 
• song project-----record it or preform it---------50 points

Tuesday:

The Cod War(1945-1990)

US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics:

Semester Test Questions over Cold War:

1. Understand the causes, effects, growth, and major events of the Cold War

2. Understand the causes, effects, and major events of the Korean War conflict

3. Understand the causes, effects, and major events of the Vietnam Conflict

Definition:

A political, strategic and ideological struggle between the soviet union from 1945--1990

spread throughout the world-Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Discussion:

Communism vs Democracy

form of government that people have the say over-------Democracy

people own their businesses-----Capitalism(the more you work, the better off you'll be)

Socialism vs Capitalism

economic system that promotes.........government own business------Socialism

political and economical system........equal society-----Communism

Causes of the Cold War:

• different political systems
  • us is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
  • USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
  • the red scar(1919)
  • both thought their systems was better and distrusted the others intentions
  • Stalin despised capitalism
  • distrust during WWII

Wednesday:

today is Hitler's Birthday

Continuing the Cold War:

Yalta Conference February 1945:

• Before the end of the World War II. Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. they agreed on many point:
  • the establishment of the United states
  • Germany to be divided into four zones
  • Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
  • Russia promised to join the war against Japan

Cold War Terms:

The West------the countries of the west, western powers(US, great Britain, France, Italy)

The East-------the countries of the east, eastern powers(soviet union)

Post WWII/Cold War Goals For US:

• Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
• Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
• Stop the spread of communism
  • Policy of Containment

Post WWII/Cold War Goals for the USSR

• Wanted to create greater security for itself 
  • lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's a strong Germany 
  • feared a strong Germany
• encourage friendly governments on its borders
• established defensive borders
• Spread communism around the world

Key Terms:

• Iron Curtain Speech
• Domino Theory(effect)
• Policy of Containment
• Truman Doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• Brinkmanship
• Massive retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction 
• NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
• CIA vs. KGB
• Peaceful coexistence
• De-Stalinization
• Detente
• Perestroika
• Glasnost
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968
• Strategic Arms limitation Talks(Treaty)-1972
• Anit-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1972
• Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1996
• Missile Defensive System

Winston Churchill Iron Curtain Speech-1946

• you can't travel back and forth between the west and and east
• Iron Curtain---divided the west and east

Domino Effect-Eisenhower-1954

we are at the end of the line like dominoes

we were worried about the threat because we would go down

Policy of Containment--1946

we wanted to keep communism 

Truman Doctrine:

• In 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas.
• they appealed to America for aid and we respond with the Truman Doctrine
• Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists 

Marshal Plan:

• in 1947, US Secretary of Sate Marshal announced the Marshal 
• This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it  recover from the damage caused by the war
• there was 2 motives for this:
  • economically would provide markets for america goods benefiting American industry 
  • A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism

Brinkmanship----1950's -1960's

Thursday:

work day

Friday:

work day 

went over test

Monday: 

1941:

• Jews throughout eastern Europe are forced into ghettos 
• in two days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar-the largest single massacre of the Holocaust
• The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews

1942:

• Nazi officials announce ''Final Solution'' -their plan to kill all European Jews
• 5 death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau
• Ghettos of eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps
• The US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating Jews of Europe

1943:

• Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis began new rounds of deportations. these Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising

discuss the roll of Itally in WW2----test question for Thursday

1944:

• Hitler takes over Hungry and begins deporting 12,000 Hingarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered

Tuesday:

continued to watch the movie

Wednesday:

finished the movie

reviewed for the test tomorrow 

Thursday:

test

Finished test

Monday:

finished the video on Germany

Germany:

One people, One Empire, One Leader(Hitler)

Treaty of Versailles:

• they lost land to France, Belgium, 
• lost colonies to Japan, great Britain, and France
• this is after Germany lost WW1
• their military was dis milled
• lost a lot of resources
• they had to pay a lot for war
• they went into a depression after WW1
• they had to take responsibility and say they were the cause for WW

The stab in the back theory:

Germany could have won the war

Hitler---born in 1889

he wanted to paint, but it didn't really work out 

he didn't event the Nazi party, he joined it. he just rose to the top 

Swastika is the symbol for the Nazi

Beer Hall Putsch---1923

Hitler was arrested

Hitler went to trial----1924

he was just a good speaker and the judge felt sorry for him

he was given 5 years, but served 9 months

usually prison means end to your career, but it was the start to his

Tuesday:

Hitler Rise To Power:

• Hitler is appointed Chancellor in 1933
• President Pual Von Hindenburg dies shortly after and Hitler dissolves the Weimer Republic

Early actions of Hitler:

• Drops out of the League of Nations
• starts rearming Germany
• Reams the German Rhineland area

Munich Conference----Chamberlain: Peace for our time

• Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
• Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories
• Hitler wanted to re-unite all German speaking people
• Became known as the policy of Appeasement

Churchill---Opposed Appeasement

• he thought great Britain should have been a lot tougher 

Hitler takes over all of Czechoslovakia---1939

then he invades Poland

Hitler kept taking over countries(look at the cartoon of guy putting kids in a bag)

Nazi---Soviet non aggression pact

• Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
• both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war
• Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland
• Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half
• Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania

Married Cartoon----Hitler and Staling hated each other(they got divorced)

How did the world react to this:

• shock
• Poland was scared
• Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked 

A week after the non aggression pact was signed----German invasion of Poland --Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg--Lighting War:

• Air force attacks enemy front line and rear positions, main roads, airfields and communication centers. at the same time, infantry attacks on the entire front line and engages enemy
• Tank(panzer) units breakthrough main lines of defense and advance deeper into enemy territory. while following, mechanized units pursue and engage defenders preventing them from establishing defensive positions. Infantry continues to engage enemy and encircle the enemy and/or capture strategic position
• mechanized groups go deeper into the enemy territory outflanking the enemy positions and preventing withdrawing troops and defenders from establishing effective defensive positions
• main force links up with other units encircling and cutting off the enemy
• goal was to achieve victory as quickly as possible

what countries did Hitler take over in 1940-------Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, lexumburge, France, 

1939--Czechoslovakia

 Norway--was a little harder to take over----it is surrounded by water so it was a like a V-day invasion

Miracle of Dunkirk:

• a city in Belgium--Dunkirk
• Germans pushed back to Dunkirk
• Hitler ordered them to stop at the edge of the city
• a lot of people got away, instead of being captured or killed
• Dunkirk evacuated June 4, 1940

France Surrenders June 1940

A divided France----there was 3 governments in France

The french Resistance:

• secret organization in France

Axis Invasion of the Balkans(Yugoslavia)--1941

Thursday:

Continuing Germany:

 Battle of Britain:

Results:

• In May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
• British losses-3,363 aircrew and 2,365 aircraft
• Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals

Germany Invasion if USSR-June, 1941:

• Final plan for operation Barbarossa

Scorched earth policy:

• Stalin demanded this of the soviet troops as they retreated

Battle for Moscow:

• the soviet winter counteroffensive, December 6, 1941--April 30, 1942
• The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war

Battle of Stalingrad----winter of 1942--1943(worst battle ever concerning deaths)

• around 2 million total casualties

Seige of Leningrad:

• On August 30th 1941, the Germans took over Leningrad's railroads cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world
• unlike the battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission
• between November 1941 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation
• people resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste and some resorted to cannibalism
• finally, successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad, drained necessary resources the Germans needed to continue the blockade, and eventually failed
• the Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced-over 1 million died

D-day:

• the Germans knew it was coming
• the Germans built defensive barrier along the western coast of Europe

the battle of the bulge-------Hitler's Last offensive

Us and Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River(in Germany): April 25, 1945

After Hitler married his girlfriend, he committed suicide

Friday:

Nazi Propaganda:

• All propaganda must be so popular and on such an intellectual level, that even the most stupid of these toward whom it is directed will understand it......through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way around, to consider the most wretched sort of life as paradise.''   -------Adolf Hitler

The Holocaust:

• The genocide of approximately six million Europe Jews during WW2
• a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
• Approximately 2/3 of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
• Some say that the definition of the holocaust should also include the Nazis' killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory
• by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people

What is the Aryan Race:

• Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany
• Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular
• the original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect

Lebensborn-Fount of Life:

• The program aimed to promote the growth of superior Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed fit
• houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
• Many Lebensborn kids were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
• Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan German

Hitler's Jewish Question:(1933)

• Nazis Temporarily suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933--never restored
• the Nazis set up the first concentration camp at dacheu in 1933. the first inmates are 200 communists
• Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the national health service, and teachers in public high schools
• most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges

Nuremberg Laws 1935:

• took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews 2nd class citizens by removing their basic civil rights
• established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed
  • eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
• Jews could only marry Jews
• No sexual relation between non-Jewish Germans and Jews

1936:

• Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses

Night of the Broken Glass:

• on the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish Neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
• In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed
• 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
• Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in attack

1938-Cont.

• all Jewish kids are expelled from public schools in Germany 
• Nazis take control of Jewish-owned Businesses

Hitler's Final Solution:

• Genocide

What is Genocide:

• any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a notional, ethical, racial or religious group 

Monday:

watched video on Italy

Mussolini---he was a newspaper guy

                  Background:

• his mother was a catholic
• his dad was an atheist  
• he went to a catholic school
• but then decided he would take on atheism like his dad
• struggled in school
• before getting into journalism, he was a school teacher

Italy after WWI

• Italy was very displeased with the treaty of Versailles
  • wanted to get more land
  • get the rest of the notes:
• the signed the 5 power pact:
• designed to prevent an arm's race
• i limited the construction of battleships,

9 power pact:

• free trading with china

countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes:

• Kellogg Brand Act 

March on Rome----October 1922

a march by Benito Mussolini....................

King Victor Emmanuel---------king of Italy

did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy

established Fascism in Italy:

• a government led by a strong dictator
• stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
• uses intimidation to get what they want

Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936:

• Italy lost Ethiopia colony in Africa................

Tuesday: 

Italy's goals in WWII

• make a new Roman Empire
• make the Mediterranean an Italian Lake
• take over northern African colonies of Britain and France----especially Egypt
• ..................get the rest

Italy defeat-----1943

• once we moved into Italy, they surrendered and switched sides

Why did Italy lose?

• Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a war
  • Germany had to constantly............................get the rest

Impact WWII had on Italy:

• they switched sides
• we tore them down
• we helped rebuild them
• we didn't have to worry about Germany anymore, but we did have to worry about Italy because we destroyed them. So we rebuilt them so they would be our Allie

a major battle strategy of Japan-----to expand, so people wouldn't bomb the places where all their resources are. 

Thursday:

Hideki Tojo:

• Tojo was the military leader of Japan in WWII

Why they lost the war:

• we stopped trading with them 
• we broke their naval code
• we were producing at a higher rate then japan could shoot down our ships

Impact:

cities were damaged

they lost land

Japanese committed suicide 

who took car of the Japanese after the war

• the U.S.

Mr. Bruns Discussion on Japan:

what areas did Japan Take over?

a good chunk of China

Guam

Philippians

Some islands of India

some islands of Alaska

what areas did Japan fail at trying to get?

japan was an Allie in WW! 

joined the league of nations

signed the 4, 5, 9 power pacts

japan was hit hard by the great depression because they relied on resources. We stopped trading with them so they didn't have any resources

Invasion of Manchuria:

• the league of nations condemned the action but could not enforce it's authority as it had not military force
• the message sent to aggression countries was that a major power could get....................get the rest

Rape of Nanking

• killing and raping of many people 

Soviet--Japanese Neutrality Pact:

• people wondered why these two didn't fight
• they signed a pact saying they wouldn't fight each other

Friday:

Finishing Up Japan:

Admiral Yamamoto-------came up with the Pearl Harbor attack

the attack was after we stopped trading with them

we filled their machines and planes, etc. so they had to be careful with  their oil

Japan tried to get the US out of the war before we were in the war.

December 8, 1941------last date we declared war

Iwo Jima----------one of the most costliest battles for US

Summer 1945-preparing for the invasion of japan

• operation downfall
• planned for October 1945
• estimated to have over 1 million causalities 
• estimated to have 267,000 deaths

Potsdam Conference---July, 1945

• held right before the atomic bomb

Potsdam Declaration---July, 1945

dismantle the government of Japan

the US will occupy Japan

Japan will consist of the major islands

Japan played a big,  but negative  affect on WW2

Germany:

Basic facts:

Axis power:

• Germany 
• Japan
• Italy

Leader---Hitler

William Sebult-------a spy for Nazi Germany--------helped brake the code for the US

Germany thought he was working for them, but he was working for the United States

William Hitler---Hitler's nephew

he wanted a job, but his uncle ignored him

William's house got bombed by Germany so he joined the US Navy

Monday:

discussed forum stories

Soviet Union:

• Russia drops out of WWI to fight -------- revolution
• Russia became communist and changed name to USSR
• Purges and deportations to slave labor camps in Siberia 
• the intelligence and secret service
  • created  a cult of personality 
  • nationalism and collectivism of the soviet economy 
• industrialism of the soviet union
• 5 year plan
• policies led to famine 

SOVIET UNION NOT PART OF THE AXIS POWERS

United States:

Dr. Suss thought we should be part of the war

the Philippians was US territory

Bataan Death march:

• Filipino's(Philippines)and 650 american Pow's died during march
• they went from camp to camp 
• lack of water and food

Doolittle battle--more of a bombing campaign

Tuesday:

island hoping:

• strategy 

 Kamikazes:

• Japanese dive bombers 

The Manhattan Project:

• code name for bombing project

VJ Day:

• stand for victory in japan day
• august 14/15, 1945 (official UK)
• September 2, 1945(official for US)
• when japan officially signed on USS Missouri

Wednesday:

Potsdam Conference---July, 1945

• the united states, great Britain, and china issued the Potsdam declaration 
• dismantle the current government of Japan (excluding Emperor)
• the allies will occupy japan
• japan will consist only of the major islands
• it will loose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it
• Japanese military air forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
• there will be war crimes trials for the-------------
• we pushed democracy and japan was no different
•  

Europe:

German U boats:

• US soldiers were told to shoot down any German ships in the water so German came back with U boats

Allie Intelligence:

• churchill and roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safe gaurding allied commerce to defeat the axis powers
• the allies sahred info from RADAR and high frequency radio direction finding 
• radar provided a means of defeadting vessels and aircraft about the surface
• allied intelligence leaders shared info

Enigma:

• system in which Germany transferred their info through codes

Hunter Killers:

• US soldiers trained to go find German ships, soldiers, etc. and kill them

 Dwight Eisenhower:

• he became president for 8 years
• he lead certain countries

D-Day:

• June 6th we invaded
• by June 11, the beach heads were firmly secured 
• pairs was liberated 

Italy was our Allie, but Germany took it over 4 months after we got it. We attacked it to take it over again

 there was blimps with wires attached to them to prevent airplanes coming in and bombing. Planes would fly and get caught in them.

Thursday:

We watched a movie about Saint Patrick's day

Battle of the bulge:

• coldest war
• worst battles of WWII because of loses of lives 

Yalta Conference:

• some people got together to decide what they were going to do after the war
• establishment of the united nations
• Germany to be divided into 4
• free election allowed in the states of eastern Europe
•  

V-E Day----May 8, 1945:

• victory in.........

FDR dies, Harry Truman is sworn in April 12, 1945

Homefront-----what going on in our country during the war

• it was mostly women in the US
• women worked in factories

Nursing was a big job during WWII

WAVES--women navy

• they weren't on a ship 
• they answered phones or little jobs like that

WASP-----women test fly planes

Tokyo Rose   Iva Toguri:

• forced to broadcast propaganda to the allied troops for Japan

Why did we win-------we broke their code, but they didn't break our's

Tuskegee Institute/Airmen

• most famous African american air fighters

Hollywood in WWII

• their job was to entertain
• they played movies where they made the US look good and other countries look bad
• propaganda

OPA and Rationing

• limiting things
• limiting certain things to save money for the war

Friday:

Monday:

Finished Great Britain presentations

Britain's role in WW2:

• last country left standing
• Europe hadn't taken it over
• Battle of Britain was a major battle
• great Britain helped the us in many ways
• Allie powers own

Soviet Union:

Events Between:

Russian Civil War:

• get info

Stalin's 5 year plan:

• get info
• Collectivism-------the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual
• nationalism--------
• the government took over their farms 

soviet and German non aggression pact:

Casualties:

• 7 million-----civilian
• 20 million

Total cost of war:

• 2 trillion today

Interesting facts:

• 80% of men who lived in the soviet union died during the war
• they were part of the Allie powers

War goals:

• to expand in all directions
• wanted to destroy Germany 
• to expand communism 

Impact on the soviet union:

• economy went down
• industrial and agricultural levels went down
• Allie powers won

Cold war:

• get info

Why the soviet union won:

Tuesday:

Joseph Stalin:

Monday:

work day

Tuesday:

discussing United States in WW2

Allie Powers

• great Britain
• soviet union
• Italy

US after WW1:

• us never signed the treaty of Versailles
  • Wilson(democrat) vs congress(republican)
  • join the league of nations or go back to isolation?
• republican warren Harding................
• need to get the rest:

Neutrality in General:

• the neutrality act were passed by the us in the 1930's in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WW2
• ---------------------need to get the rest

Neutrality Acts:

1. act or 1935------stop trading with countries at war
2. act of 1936-----stop loaning money to countries at war
3. act of 1937-----cash and carry system--weapons not included
4. act of 1939------cash and carry systems----weapons included

Panay Incident---December 1937:

• america gunboat attacked on the river in china by japan

Bases for Destroyers:

• 50 us destroyers were given to great Britain in exchange for land rights(for 99 years) on British colonies for naval or air base purpose

End of US Neutrality Act---lend lease Act:

• the end of neutrality for the us came with the land lease act passed in march, 1941
• this act allowed the us to sell-------------need to get the rest

Selective training and service act:

• required that men between the age 21 and 35 register for the draft
• extended to all men aged 18 to 45 once us entered war
• first peacetime draft in the us history

Atlantic Charter:

• defined as the allied goals for the post war world
  • many similarities to Wilson's 14 points.

Wednesday:

work day

Thursday:

Pearl Harbor----December 7,1941:

they had to make sure it was a surprise, so that we didn't know they were coming 

war bond:

• like an investment, it is a big way of how we payed for the war

December 8, 1941:

• last time congress declared war

FDR's War Message:

• pearl harbor was not the only area japan attacked on December 7
• ''yesterday the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya''

Why did Japan attach Pearl Harbor:

• after japan invaded french Indochina in 1940, us stopped trading with Japan
• japan signed the soviet-Japanese neutrality pact in April, 1941 guaranteeing that japan and USSR would not go to war
• japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war 
• only way to force US hand was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
• japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US
• the plan backfired on the

Backdoor to war Conspiracy:

1. what can we do to insure we get into the war

Friday:

The 1920's:

signed the 4, 5, and 9 power pacts

joined the league of nations

signed the Kellogg brand pact

The Great Depression:

• great Britain was hit hard by the great depression

Road to war-1930's

• signs threat from germnay

WW2:

• war declared on germnay

Monday:

continue watching movie from friday

Monday:

finished test

Tuesday:

What were the two alliances during WWII and what countries belonged to each:

• Axis powers--Germany, Italy, and Japan
• Allied powers----US, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France

Wednesday:

Treaty of Versailles:

• 1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231-the infamous "War Guilt Clause".

1920's / 1930's Peace attempts:

                        League of Nations:

• what it is: world wide peace keeping organization, countries come together to work out things
• what were it's weakness: we were a major world power and we didn't join the war

4 Power Pact:

• treaty signed by the united states, great Britain, France and japan at the Washington Naval Conference in 1921
• countries agreed to respect each other possessions in the pacific and not seek further territory

5 power pact:

• signed by great Britain, and the US, Japan, France, and Italy
• designed to prevent an arm's race
• it limited the constitution of battleships.............. need to get the rest

9 power pact:

• guaranteed china's independence and upheld the open door policy
• signed by the US, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal

Kellogg-Brand Pact:

• countries signed agreed to not go to war settle disputes
• 65 countries eventually signed it

London Naval Conference:

• concerned with the agreements reached in Washington Naval Conference
• all 5 agreed to a five year halt on capital ship.................need to get the rest

The impact of the great depression:

Thursday:  

watching a movie

Monday:

no school

Tuesday:

how did the new deal help unemployed people:

• unemployed people
• young people
• banks
• stock market
• factory workers
• farmers
• homeowners
• elderly
• consumers
• native americans

Nation youth administration:-----young people

• provided part time work for college kids 
• wide range of jobs 

Federal Emergency Relief Act:-------unemployed people

• aid for people
• jobs

Public Works Administration:-------unemployed people

• construction projects
• lots of buildings

Civil Works Administration, same as PWA, but this only lasted 1 year: 

Works Progress Administration:

• same as PWA and CWA
• but this focused on the arts
• like actors or poets
• kind of like plays on Broadway
• small cities

Camp David:----built by the WPA

• one of the president's vacation homes

Emergency Banking Relief:-------banks

• and idea to stop banks from closing by people taking their money out

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation:

• if banks closed down you would be insured you would get your money back

Wednesday:

Federal Securities Act:--------stocks

• passed in 1933
• made the stock market a safer place for people to invest their money
• two goals:
  • required that investors receive significant information regarding securities being offended.........need to get the rest

Securities and exchange commission:

• established in 1934 and is still around today
• this organization regulates the stock market

National Industrial Recovery Act:------factory workers or consumers

• shared hours------two people worked, instead of one person working full time, the time would be split in half between two people
• blue eagle codes---------a sign on business's windows--------they mean that they try their best to give their workers good hours for a good pay and they have fair prices for their customers
• this later became unconstitutional

National Labor Relations Act/Board:

• established in 1935
• conducts elections for unions
• stresses collections bargaining
• investigation and fixes unfair labor practices

Fair Labor standard Act:

• established a national minimum wage-40 cents /hour
• established the 40 hours work week
• guaranteed time and half for overtime in certain jobs 

Agricultural Adjustment act:

• they paid farmers to plant less crops
• bu they too it a step further
• they paid farmers to destroy crops and animals, slip milk
• then it was declared unconstitutional

Soil Conservation Act:

• farmers were education to take better care of their crops
  • plant trees
  • rotating crops
  • irrigation

Tennessee valley Authority:

• created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region around the Tennessee River Valley
• still around today

Rural Electrification Administration:

• brought electricity to the country

Farm Security administration:

• granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms
• farmers who have only like 100 or 200 acres would be given money
• they also took photograph of farmers
• Dorothea Lange---took photos
• this was to show the city people what the struggles were that farmers had 

Home Owner's Loan Corporation:

• people couldn't afford their homes or farms, so it would be taken away by the bank
• people could pay a monthly payment so its easier to have a fancy house but pay able to afford it

Friday:

Federal Housing Administration:

• to improve housing standards 
• to make sure they are descent quality 
• instead of people pay their house off in 5 years, paid of in 15 or 20 years

United States Housing Authority:

• they gave loans out to states
• states gave it to construction companies would build homes for middle and lower class people

social security Administration:

• retirement system for our country
• if I get in a car accident and can't work, I can take my social security money and use it

food drug, and cosmetic Act:

• making sure drugs are safe
• making sure soap, deodorant, etc. is safe

Indian Reservation Act:

• to tell the native americans to go back to the way they used to

Test:

2 day group test

Monday:

Discussed Caucus and extra credit

1932 Election:

• Herbert Hoover(republican)
• Franklin Roosevelt(democratic)
• Franklin wins

1936 Election:

• Franklin Roosevelt
• Alf Landon 
• Franklin won again

Supreme Court Packing Case:

• 9 court justices
• they were slowing down the production of getting out of the depression
• People thought Franklin was messing up the checks and balances 

Tuesday:

no school

Wednesday:

no school

Thursday:

Iowa Caucus:

Hillary won for Democratic

Ted Cruz won for Republican 

Bonus Army----Bonus Expeditionary Force:

• World War I veterans would be giving money for fighting in the war
• the were looking for their BONUS checks
• congress was wondering if they should give the money to them early
• So the veterans were protesting to convince congress to say yes
• but congress said no
• some left, but some stayed
• they started protesting more
• military had to push former soldiers out even though they were just trying to help get food for their families
• MacArthur was in charge of the military group 
• Hoover was president
• Hoover told MacArthur to not be to aggressive
• but he didn't listen
• He made it look like Hoover was uncaring

Relief, Reform, and Recovery:

• Relief for the needy----people need money
• Economic recovery------make more jobs so people can get money
• Financial reform-------making sure their is rules in place so they don't crash and have another depression

Fireside chats:

• something that the president said and someone would talk about it over the radio

Deficit spending and priming the pump:

• spending more money than you make
• the united states is trillion dollars in debt
• Priming the pump:
• throw a bunch of money out
•  spending money on programs
• trying to create jobs for people

100 days:

• he passed 15 bills
• like organizations

Franklin's background:

• wealthy family
• married his 5th cousin
• he ran for vice president in the 1920's
• lost to Harding
• he gets polio
• everyone assumed he was done
• he died a month into his 4th term

these are republican challenges:

• A. what were some of the reasons the new deal was challenged?
  • to powerful
  • we want a balance of power
  • we don't want a big government
  • doing thongs you shouldn't
  • spending to much money

Senator Huey Long:

• wanted to take land from the rich and give it to the poor

New Deal VS. 2nd New deal:

• restore nation's hope
• help banks and stock market
• provide jobs and relief for poor
• plan and regulate the economy
• pass new labor laws
• create and expand new deal agencies
• established social security for older people and unemployed

Monday:

voting test thing

Tuesday:

• test

Wednesday:

• talked about test
• started videos on the 1930's

Causes of the Great Depression:

• overproduction of goods
• under consumption of goods by consumers
• agriculture slump in 1920's due to overproduction 
• High protective tariff policies of the 1920's
• taxes benefiting the rich got got richer, poor got poorer
• stock market crash
• banks closing

The Vicious Cycle of The Great Depression:

• companies lose $5 so they lay people off
• unemployment rate goes up and less people buy goods as income has dropped
• companies profits fall so they have to lay more people off or close
• cycle repeats itself

Thursday:

Hooverviles:

• Hoover was president at this time
• because of the poor living conditions they wanted to get back at Hoover
• so they named it Hoovervile

Breadlines:

• giving out bread and maybe coffee once in a while
• at that time, whites and blacks were separated
• only men went because men made the money so they brought home the bread
• if there was widows, the women were to afraid to go
• There wasn't welfare and people were embarrassed to go get a hand out 
• they didn't want people to see that they needed a little help

African americans had worse than americans

for white women: give up bread for a man

Soup Kitchens:

Government didn't help support breadlines or soup kitchens, they were all supported by churches

Shared time:

• someone who used to work all day, would work until noon and another person would work until four

Hoboes Hopping Freight trains:

• Teens would run away from home and hop from train to train
• they felt like a burden to their family 
• they left so their parents could feed and take care of the younger siblings

Selling Apples:

• people would buy apples and sell them for like 2 or 3 cents
• people who work for the day
• worked so they could have food on the table

Dorthy Alang wanted to help farmers by taking their pictures so the city people could she that their struggling more

Hoover Struggles with the Great Depression:

Why do you think he struggled with the great depression:

• individualism
• didn't believe in hand outs
• he rose the tariffs
• Hoover was viewed as uncaring and as a president who did very little to help with the Great Depression
• do as little as possible

1928 Presidential Election:

A chicken in every pot and a car in every garage--------everyone is going to be OK

Hoover's first against the Great Depression:

• Encouraged people to be patient, stay positive and volunteer to help each other
• federal farm board:
  • stabilize prices and to promise the sale of agricultural products
• Norris--La Guardian Act:
  • strengthen labor unions

Friday:

Herbert Hoover:

• Hoover Moratorium:
  • one year halt on Germany war payments to France
  • one year halt on war payments from Great Britain and France to the US
• Mexican Repatriation:
  • Mexican immigrants were encouraged forced to go back to Mexico
• Revenue Act of 1932:
  • Increase taxes so US government had money
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff:
  • Raised tariffs to record levels

Reconstruction Finance corporation (RFC)--1932:

• gave loans to banks, state and local governments, and business to create projects/jobs for people
• gave states loans for emergency relief needs

Boulder(Hoover) Dam:

• Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam) is located near Las Vegas
• the Hoover Dam project including the All-American Canal, the town of Boulder city, Highways, railroads and various other works, cost $165 million to build

Monday:

Republican philosophy-1920's

• trickle-down theory------rich pay less taxes because they own business which trickle down to help the middle and lower class 
• laissez-faire-------french for leave alone, government is going ti stay out of business
• normalcy---(president Harding)keeping to our selves, got back to what they used to do
• rugged individualism-----it's up to you, don't rely on the government to help you out

Tea pot dome scandal: 

• taking bribes for money
• illegal stuff
• Albert fall- was given bribes from rich business
• he was in charge----he took oil from the land to small oil companies

Tuesday:

 Entertainment:

Greta Garbo, Clara Bow, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin------famous actors

Babe Ruth, jack Dempsey, Gene Tunney, Bobby Jones, Bill Tilden, Red Grange-----famous athletes 

F. Scott Fitzgerald, W.E.

Stock---buying part of a company

New York Stock Exchange

Dow Jones-------30 largest companies in the United States

Dow Jones------if they are doing well then companies are doing well

TEST QUESTION: Causes of the Stock Market Crash--1929:

• Stock prices were way high, didn't have real value for the companies
• Over speculation during the 1920's
  • led to watered stock
• Buying on Margin
  • led to people being in debt and watered stock prices
• Overproduction of goods
• Uneven distribution of wealth
• Too much borrowing money from banks
• Federal Reserve increased interest rates
• federal reserve---protects banks from people talking all their money so banks can't close
• Lack of government regulation

Wednesday:

watching movies on the 1920's

Economy:

Buying on Credit:

• buy now, pay later
• stock market was booming 
  • buying on margin

High Tariff Policy:

• what is a tariff----tax on imported goods
• high tariff-----people buying american goods

Thursday:

TEST QUESTION What impact did automobiles have on the united states??

• faster transportation
• people don't have to live in the city
• people can go on vacations
• allowed people to move away
• made jobs for people because roads and parking lots needed to be made

Henry Ford and the Model T:

Route 66  "The Mother Road"

History of NASCAR:

• Boot leggers needed a fast car to get a way from the police
• started in the 1920's

airplanes:

Charles Lindbergh-----first person to fly non stop across the Atlantic Ocean

Amelia Earhart------first women to fly across the Atlantic ocean

Electricity:

Friday:

Red Scare:

• Karl Marx-----founder of communism
• Vladimir Lenin----first leader of soviet union
• he wanted to get rid of government and give power to the people

Immigration act in the 1920's

• the law was aimed at restricted immigration of southern Europeans, eastern Europeans and Jews
• several restricted the immigrants of Africa and prohibited the immigrants of Arabs east Asians and Indians

Science vs. Religion:

• John Scope---taught science
• it was illegal to teach evolution, you were supposed to teach creation 

Monday:

work day for movie project

Tuesday:

work day

quiz discussion 

Wednesday: 

start presentations start

Thursday:

1.-Prohibition and gangsters

Prohibition:

• women pushed for it the most because their husbands were being abusive 
• 18th amendment (1920-1933)
• supporters: Christians and most people, Catholics were against it 
• alcohol was allowed for medicinal and religious purposes
• at first saloons closed and drunkenness went down
• the Volstead act created the prohibition bureau to enforce the law
• the prohibition failed for three reasons
• people despised it
• saw it as government meddling people's lives
• the prohibition bureau was underfunded
• had 1,500 people to supervise the country
• organized crime became commonplace
• Bootlegging-----illegally making or distributing alcohol
• they were people that made or transported alcohol
• named because people carried liquor in the legs of boots
• most imported alcohol came in form Canada, Cuba or the west indies
• speakeasies---- to obtain alcohol illegally, people went underground to secret bars call (people spoke quiet about it)
• to be admitted a card or password had to be given
• Organized Crime----came about as a result of prohibition
• every major city had it's gang
• St. Valentines Day massacre--------people dressed up as police officers and they shoot down a gang (gang wars)

Women's History:

• women got the right to vote in the 1920's
• developed throughout 1800's
• the ideal of womanhood had four characteristics: 
• piety----the woman is the religious figure in the family
• purity----save yourself for marriage
• domesticity-----stay home, take car of the house and kids
• submissiveness-------listen to your husband, husband is the charge figure of the house
• World war I interrupted the campaign for woman suffrage
• women took the men's jobs in WWI showing the country they could do what men do
• black and whites could vote, but blacks had a high tax on it, literacy test
• the 1920's were a good decade for women's rights
• 19th amendment
• flapper girls---style and attitude
• going to college more
• working more outside the home

Margaret Sanger:

• she founded the American Birth Control
• today known as planned parenthood
• women were then able to control their own bodies

Education:

• women were earning 39% of the college degrees given in the United States
• in the 1900, 19%
• It is 60% now
• 1928 Olympics was the first one women were in 
• there were many arguments about this
• some said that physical competition was injurious to women
• Pink Collared Jobs: gave women a taste of the work world
• low paying service occupations
• made less money than men did doing the same jobs
• examples of jobs
• teachers
• librarian 
• secretaries

The Flapper:

• shorter dresses
• short hair
• corsets
• smoked
• drank in public
• earned their own money

Friday:

continue talking about Flappers:

• snugglepupping was common in high schools and college
• girls like to be called snugglepuppies

Clara Bow:

• became THE FLAPPER of the 1920's
• she appeared in 58 films between 1922 and 1933

Not all girls were flappers:

• most were traditional stay at home, do house work etc. 

The biggest threat to the bootlegger was not the prohibition bureau or police...............it is Hijacking

Moonshine:

• alcohol made secretly in home made stills

2.-Women’s rights and freedoms

3.-Politics-elections, Normalcy and isolationism, President’s backgrounds and accomplishments, scandals, Republican philosophy

4.-Entertainment, sports, music, radio, movies and fads

5.-Economy-Booming economy and stock market, buying on credit, high tariffs

6.-Red Scare-anti-immigration, Sacco and Vanzetti case

7.-Harlem Renaissance-KKK

• rebirth of African american culture

8.-Lots of strikes-Boston Police, US Steel, United Mine Workers

9.-The Model T and the impact of the automobile

10.-Electricity in the homes and new applicances

11.-Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhardt and the airplane

12.-Scopes-Monkey Trial

13.-Stock Market Crash-causes

Monday:

no school

Tuesday:

Mr. Bruns went over classroom rules

Monday:

Homefront:

• refers to what people did back in the us to  help win the war

War industries board:

• pumping out war goods

food administration:

• conserve food for war

Goals of propaganda:

• conserve food
• enlist in the military
• women or factories
• plant victory gardens
• women become nurses

national war labor board:

• settled disputes between workers and employers
• discouraged strikes
• work or fight
• headed by Taft

Tuesday:

the Paris peace conference:

Wilson 14 points:

• it was a speech delivered by president Woodrow Wilson to congress on January 8, 1918
• it became the basis for the terms of the German surrender as negotiated
• an end to secret treaties 
• freedom of the seas
• free trade for all countries
• disarmament
• end to colonial claims 
• self determination for all countries----Russia
• restoration of Belgium
• restoration of France
• readjustment of Italy's boundaries
• Austria hungry would be given opportunity for autonomous development 
• Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
• turkey should be sovereign(independence)
• Poland would be given their independence
• the league of nations would be developed

treaty of Versailles:

• Germany lost a lot of land to other countries
• Germany also lots a lot of colonies overseas
• their military was reduced
• Germany was not allowed an air force
• Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines

financial losses of Germany:

• the loss of vital industrial territory would be a sever blow to Germany's economy. coal from the Saar and upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss
• Germany had to pay 33 million from war debts
• Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one country
• general:
• Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. this was clause 231------the infamous war guilt...........

Tuesday:

Wednesday:

I was gone  

Thursday:

gave extra credit presentation

Friday:

work day for semester test