Monday:
finished the video on Germany
Germany:
One people, One Empire, One Leader(Hitler)
Treaty of Versailles:
- they lost land to France, Belgium,
- lost colonies to Japan, great Britain, and France
- this is after Germany lost WW1
- their military was dis milled
- lost a lot of resources
- they had to pay a lot for war
- they went into a depression after WW1
- they had to take responsibility and say they were the cause for WW
The stab in the back theory:
Germany could have won the war
Hitler---born in 1889
he wanted to paint, but it didn't really work out
he didn't event the Nazi party, he joined it. he just rose to the top
Swastika is the symbol for the Nazi
Beer Hall Putsch---1923
Hitler was arrested
Hitler went to trial----1924
he was just a good speaker and the judge felt sorry for him
he was given 5 years, but served 9 months
usually prison means end to your career, but it was the start to his
Tuesday:
Hitler Rise To Power:
- Hitler is appointed Chancellor in 1933
- President Pual Von Hindenburg dies shortly after and Hitler dissolves the Weimer Republic
Early actions of Hitler:
- Drops out of the League of Nations
- starts rearming Germany
- Reams the German Rhineland area
Munich Conference----Chamberlain: Peace for our time
- Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
- Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories
- Hitler wanted to re-unite all German speaking people
- Became known as the policy of Appeasement
Churchill---Opposed Appeasement
- he thought great Britain should have been a lot tougher
Hitler takes over all of Czechoslovakia---1939
then he invades Poland
Hitler kept taking over countries(look at the cartoon of guy putting kids in a bag)
Nazi---Soviet non aggression pact
- Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
- both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war
- Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland
- Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half
- Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania
Married Cartoon----Hitler and Staling hated each other(they got divorced)
How did the world react to this:
- shock
- Poland was scared
- Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked
A week after the non aggression pact was signed----German invasion of Poland --Blitzkrieg
Blitzkrieg--Lighting War:
- Air force attacks enemy front line and rear positions, main roads, airfields and communication centers. at the same time, infantry attacks on the entire front line and engages enemy
- Tank(panzer) units breakthrough main lines of defense and advance deeper into enemy territory. while following, mechanized units pursue and engage defenders preventing them from establishing defensive positions. Infantry continues to engage enemy and encircle the enemy and/or capture strategic position
- mechanized groups go deeper into the enemy territory outflanking the enemy positions and preventing withdrawing troops and defenders from establishing effective defensive positions
- main force links up with other units encircling and cutting off the enemy
- goal was to achieve victory as quickly as possible
what countries did Hitler take over in 1940-------Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, lexumburge, France,
1939--Czechoslovakia
Norway--was a little harder to take over----it is surrounded by water so it was a like a V-day invasion
Miracle of Dunkirk:
- a city in Belgium--Dunkirk
- Germans pushed back to Dunkirk
- Hitler ordered them to stop at the edge of the city
- a lot of people got away, instead of being captured or killed
- Dunkirk evacuated June 4, 1940
France Surrenders June 1940
A divided France----there was 3 governments in France
The french Resistance:
- secret organization in France
Axis Invasion of the Balkans(Yugoslavia)--1941
Thursday:
Continuing Germany:
Battle of Britain:
Results:
- In May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
- British losses-3,363 aircrew and 2,365 aircraft
- Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals
Germany Invasion if USSR-June, 1941:
- Final plan for operation Barbarossa
Scorched earth policy:
- Stalin demanded this of the soviet troops as they retreated
Battle for Moscow:
- the soviet winter counteroffensive, December 6, 1941--April 30, 1942
- The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war
Battle of Stalingrad----winter of 1942--1943(worst battle ever concerning deaths)
- around 2 million total casualties
Seige of Leningrad:
- On August 30th 1941, the Germans took over Leningrad's railroads cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world
- unlike the battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission
- between November 1941 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation
- people resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste and some resorted to cannibalism
- finally, successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad, drained necessary resources the Germans needed to continue the blockade, and eventually failed
- the Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced-over 1 million died
D-day:
- the Germans knew it was coming
- the Germans built defensive barrier along the western coast of Europe
the battle of the bulge-------Hitler's Last offensive
Us and Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River(in Germany): April 25, 1945
After Hitler married his girlfriend, he committed suicide
Friday:
Nazi Propaganda:
- All propaganda must be so popular and on such an intellectual level, that even the most stupid of these toward whom it is directed will understand it......through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way around, to consider the most wretched sort of life as paradise.'' -------Adolf Hitler
The Holocaust:
- The genocide of approximately six million Europe Jews during WW2
- a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
- Approximately 2/3 of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
- Some say that the definition of the holocaust should also include the Nazis' killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory
- by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people
What is the Aryan Race:
- Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany
- Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular
- the original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect
Lebensborn-Fount of Life:
- The program aimed to promote the growth of superior Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed fit
- houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
- Many Lebensborn kids were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
- Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan German
Hitler's Jewish Question:(1933)
- Nazis Temporarily suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933--never restored
- the Nazis set up the first concentration camp at dacheu in 1933. the first inmates are 200 communists
- Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the national health service, and teachers in public high schools
- most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges
Nuremberg Laws 1935:
- took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews 2nd class citizens by removing their basic civil rights
- established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed
- eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
- Jews could only marry Jews
- No sexual relation between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
1936:
- Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses
Night of the Broken Glass:
- on the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish Neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
- In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed
- 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
- Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in attack
1938-Cont.
- all Jewish kids are expelled from public schools in Germany
- Nazis take control of Jewish-owned Businesses
Hitler's Final Solution:
- Genocide
What is Genocide:
- any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a notional, ethical, racial or religious group
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