Central Pacific moved eastward from sacramento. Union Pacific moved westward from Omaha. The transcontinental railroad connected the east and west side of the country together. Central and Union pacific met to make the first transcontinental railroad in 1869. The homestead act was passed in 1862. 10% of land used was settled by families. Oklahoma nickname was sooner state. In 1872 Yellow stone national park was created. In 1893 Frederick Jackson Turner wrote an essay called, "The significance of the Frontier in American History." Several Hardships were:Droughts, Floods, Fires, Blizzards, Locust Plagues, and Occasional raids. Lived in Soddies and Dugouts. Dugouts were dug into the side of a hill. Women were outside with the men; planting and harvesting crops. Women were skilled in doctoring and helped dig wells and carry big buckets. In 1837 the John Deere steel plow was invented by John Deere himself. In 1878 the corn binder was invented. In 1874 the barbed wire was invented to fence the land. In 1830 to 1900's the production of grains grew immensly. By 1855, John Deere sold over 10,000 plows a year. The reaping machine was used to cut the wheat easily. The Morrill Act was introduced by Justin Smith Morrill. Gave land to stated to help finance Ag colleges. Wanted education in all social classes.Farmers developed grains for aid soil. Techniques for dry farming that helped retain moisture. Changes made fields grow better. Farmers went into debt because machines got to expensive. When the wheat prices were low they had to work harder to make more wheat. Bonanza is a spanish word meaning "good weather." Railroads charged more to ship grains in the east than in the west. Sometimes charged more for short distances. Railroads put farmers in more debt because of over production. Farmers grew more grains and bought more land.
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