Monday:

• Decades project presentations 

Tuesday:

• Decades projects presentations 

Wednesday:

• decades projects presentations 

Thursday:

• decades projects presentations

Friday:

• decades projects presentations 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Decades Notes:

1960s

• Minimum Wage: $1.00
• Average Yearly Income: $6,691
• Hand-me downs
• Fads:
  • Afro
  • banana seats
  • Balsa Wood Airplanes
  • Go-Go Boots
  • Bell-Bottoms
  • Mood Rings
  • Turtlenecks
• Presidential Elections:
  • 1960
    • JFK
    • Nixon
  • 1964
    • Johnson
    • Goldwater
      • one of the biggest landslides in US history
  • 1968 -
    • Nixon
    • Humphrey
    • Wallace
• Government Scandals
  • Marilyn Monroe's Affair 
    • 1962
    • JFK's brother Robert
    • Robert began to pull away and Marilyn didn't like it and she threatened to tell press 
  • Chappaquiddick Scandal
    • 1969
      • Edward Kennedy drove into Poucha Pond 
      • he was drunk and she died 
      • he was never able to run for president and he was never charged
  • JFK Affairs
    • multiple affairs 
    • women of many ages
• JFK Assassination 
  • November 22, 1963
  • 35th president
  • driving through Dallas in an open top convertible 
  • Jacqueline Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connolly were with 
  • Vehicle passed Texas School Book Depository Building 
  • Lee Harvey Oswald fired 3 shots
  • Johnson wanted to investigate the assassination 
  • Appointed Chief Justice Warren as head of investigation 
  • 16 Conspiracy Theories
• Malcolm X's Assassination 
  • February 21, 1965
  • Islam
• Dr. Martin Luther Kind Jr. Assassination 
  • April 4, 1968
  • Standing on the balcony of his hotel room 
  • Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee 
• Bobby Kennedy Assassination 
  • June 5, 1968
  • Delivering speech to the California primary 
  • Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles 
  • Running for president that year
• Peace Corps
  • 1961
  • JFK established
  • spread good will and practical knowledge
  • enlisted young volunteers to 2 year terms
•  Equal Pay Act 
  • 1963
  • Federal law amending Fair Labor Standards Act
  • Abolishing pay difference based on gender 
  • signed by JFK as part of his "New Frontier" program
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
  • Lyndon B, Johnson signed this act
  • Outlawed discrimination in public parks, hotels, and restaurants
  • Prohibits employment discrimination based on:
    • race 
    • ethnicity
    • gender
    • religion 
• LBJ Declares War on Poverty 
  • 1964
  • in first inaugural address
• Medicare and Medicaid 
  • 1965
  • LBJ signs bull to create
  • national health insurance for the elder 
  • legislation then created Medicaid 
  • provided health care for people on welfare
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
  • signed by LBJ
  • abolishes Literacy Test 
  • Other test used by local and state governments 
  • inhibit African-American voting 
• Fair Housing Act 
  • 1968
  • LBJ
  • outlawing discrimination in the sale or rental of the most privately owned homes and apartments based on 
    • gender 
    • race 
    • religion 
    • nationality 
• Man on the Moon 
• JFK's New Frontier
  • joining Peace Corps
  • Volunteered to work towards Social Justice 
  • America was now positive 
• JFK's "First" New Frontier 
• Higher Education Act 
  • October 1964
  • trying to help people in need get to college 
• Low Income Housing Bill 
  • allocating $5 million to build houses for people with low income 
• Freedom Riders
  • May 1961
  • challenged racial law
  • attempted to integrate bus travel 
• Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society 
  • largest reform agenda since Roosevelt's 
  • to Civil Rights were passed
• Women's Liberation Movement of the 1960's
  • women could have their say in government 
  • leave the home without guilt 
  • job and earn wages
• National Organization of Women 
  • 1966
• The Stonewall Riots 
  • 1969
  • Gay rights 
• Affirmative Action Laws
  • hiring youth 
  • foreign labor 
  • veterans 
  • workers under 18
• Food Stamps
  • food purchasing assistance 
  • low income families 
  • SNAP
• Work Studies in Colleges
  • made for lack of diversity 
  • only for upper income families 
• Head Start
  • comprehensive child development program 
  • help communities reach needs of disadvantaged children 
  • still around today
• Gun Control Act 
  • regulates the firearms industry and owners
• Volunteers in Service of American (VISTA)
  • Domestic Peace Corps 
  • Volunteer teaching attention 

1970's 

• 1972 Election
  • Nixon vs McGovern
  • Nixon won by a landslide 
  • Nixon promised Peace and Honor in Vietnam 
    • Vietnamization 
    • resign halfway through second term due to Watergate 
      • Gerald Ford took over
• 1976
  • Carter vs Ford 
  • Carter won - democrat
  • Created Department of Energy and Department of Education 
  • Made energy policy 
• Salt 2 Treaty
  • Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev signed
  • gave limitations and guidelines for nuclear weapons 
  • never went into effect 
• 3 Mile Island Nuclear Accident 
  • partial nuclear meltdown that occurred on March 28, 1979, of reactor 2 
• 26th Amendment 
  • 18 and above got voting rights
• Clean Air Act
  • federal law to make sure that all Americans have air that is safe to breath
  • seeks to help our environment 
• Equal Employment Opportunity Act
  • enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job because of a person's race, co;or, religion, and many others 
• 55 mph Law
  • signed by Nixon 
• Government Scandals
  • Watergate 
    • major political and government scandal following a national break in the Democratic National Committee headquarters  
    • The Nixon administration tried to cover it up 
    • Watergate business complex was broke into to "assure" that Nixon got his second term
    • CIA was tried to keep it covered up
    • he resigned instead of being impeached 

1990s

Semester Blog Posts

Link to Blog (Google Doc)

Monday:  

• Notes over Korean War

Tuesday:

• Decades project work day

Wednesday:

• Decades presentations started yet

Thursday:

• Decades work day 

Friday:

• Presentations

----------------------------------------------

Korean War Conflict

• The Forgotten War
• In Korea
• 5 years after WWII
• North and South still at war today 
• Costly war 
• North Korea
  • Nuclear Weapons
  • Communist
  • Kim Jong- un
• Origins;
  • Korea was invaded and ruled by Japan from 1910 until 1945
  • After WWII, Korea was split into two- North (USSR) and South (US) at the 38th parallel 
  • An election was going to be held to eventually unify Korea
• The United Nations held an election in 1948
• The Soviet Union refused to allow participation in the election in their occupied zone.
• Instead, they handed over power to the North Korean Communist Party under Kim IL- Sung
• The South elected the nationalist exile Syngman Rhee
• US government stated in January, 1950, that Korea was "outside of our defnse perimeter" 
• This encouraged North Korea to be aggressive
• South Korean President Syngman Rhee and North Korean leader Kim II - Sung...
• The People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union were wary of a war in Korea
• Mao and Stalin were concerned that it would encourage American intervention in Asia after just leaving 
• Kim was able to manipulate both Mao and Stalin into supporting their invasion of South Korea
• War Begins
  • US pulls out, North Korea gets permission and invades the South, they do extremely well and push South into the Pusan Perimeter, United Nations votes to send troops to help South, with the UN invasion South gained a lot and pushed North way back up. China assumes UN is going to come in and attack them. China invades and pushed South back down, we hold out and push them back. 
• United Nations Police Action
  • United Nations Security Council voted to send troops to help South Korea
  • US, Great Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union were permanent members that could veto the "police action"
  • Why didn't the USSR and or China veto this proposal?
    • Tiwan (officially China) 
    • China was communist China
• Douglas MacArthur thought that spreading the war to China was a good idea, was told to be very careful 
  • Truman had to fire him because he was doing opposite of what he was being told 
  • 1951
  • He was talking Nuclear War
  • One of the biggest heroes of WWII 
• DNZ - Demilitarized zone
  • North Korean troops on one side and South Korean and American troops on the other
  • Dwight Eisenhower fulfilled a campaign promise by going to Korea to find out what could be done to end the conflict 
  • no peace treaty has been signed to date
• The Korean War was the first armed confrontation of the Cold War, and it set a model for many later conflicts
• it created the idea of a limited war, where the two superpowers would/ could fight without using nuclear weapons
• Expanded the Cold War
• Almost 30,000 US troops are still stationed on the border today

Monday:

• Cold War PowerPoint and discussion

Tuesday:

• Cold War PowerPoint and discussion

Wednesday:

• Cold War PowerPoint, and presidential election talk.
• Quiz tomorrow
  • slides 1-74 (not slide 2, 12-16, 19&20) 

Thursday:

Friday: 

Causes of the Cold War

• Different political systems 
  • US is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
  • USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
• The Red Scare- 1919
• Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
• Stalin despised capitalism
• Distrust during WWII
• Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta conference
• American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR's fear of US attack 
• USSR's fear of the atomic bomb
• USSR's actions in their German zone
• USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
• Yalta Conference-- February 1945
  • Before the end of the WWII, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on many points:
    • The establishment of the United Nations
    • Germany to be divided into four zones
    • Free elections allowed in the sates of eastern Europe
    • Russia promised to join the war against Japan
  • The "West"
    • Democratic world
    • Super Power= United States
  • The "East"
    • Communist world
    • Super Power= Soviet Union
  • Alliances
    • NATO vs Warsaw Pact
      • US and Canada and Western European Countries included vs Poland, East Germany, Hungary, etc
• Post WWII Cold War Goals for US
  • Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
  • Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
  • Stop the spread of communism
    • Policy of Containment 
• Post WWII Cold War Goals for USSR
  • Wanted to create greater security for itself
    • Lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
    • Feared a strong Germany
  • Established defensible borders
  • Encourage friendly governments on its borders
  • Spread communism around the world 
• Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain" Speech 1946
  • Missouri 
  • an iron curtain split Europe
    • you had the West and the East
• Domino Effect - Eisenhower-1954
  • one country became communist and a bunch of others followed 
  • Soviet Union was mastermind behind it 
  • led to Containment factors
• Policy of Containment-1946
  • year after WWII ends, we know Soviet Union has a problem and we need to stop it
• Truman Doctrine
  • In 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas
  • They appealed to America for aid and awe responded with the Truman Doctrine
  • Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists
• Marshall Plan
  • In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan
  • This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war
  • There were two motive for this:
    • Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, benefiting American industry
    • A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism 
• Brinkmanship - 1950's-1960's
  • Massive Retaliation
  • Mutual Deterrence
  • Mutual Assured Destruction 
• NATO
  • in 1949 the Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
  • NATO was a defensive alliance
  • This was the first peacetime alliance in US History
  • America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy 
• Warsaw Pact 1955-1991
• CIA vs KGB
  • Central Intelligence Agency-1947-Present
  • Komitet Gosudarstvennnoy Bezopasnosti
    • Committee for State Secretary 
    • 1954-1991
• Stalin Dies 1953
  • Nikita Khrushchev - came to power (1953-1964)
  • Peaceful Co-existence after 1953
  • De-Stalinization - after 1953
  • Detente- 1970's
• Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR - 1985 
  • ultimately brought an end to the Soviet Union
• Perestroika and Glasnost - 1985
  • Perestroika- Restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system 
    • more democracy
    • free elections
  • Glasnost-More openness of the Soviet government and for it's people 
    • free speech and press
• USSR's First  Atomic Test 1949
• Nuclear Powers of the World
  • -Russia -1949
  • -United States -1945
  • -China -1964
  • North Korea
  • Great Britain 
  • -United Kingdom -1952
  • -France -1960
  • India
  • Pakistan
  • Israel ?
  • Iran ? developing
• Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizations
  • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1963
  • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty- 1968
    • "Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology"
    • "Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy"
    • "Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament" 
  • SALT I Treaty- 1972
    • Richard Nixon
      • President of US
    • Nikita Khrushchev 
    • Leonid Brezhnev 
      • General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
    • SALT II was signed but never ratified by Congress
      • Due to Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
    • Froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels 
    • Limited new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)
  • Anti-Ballistic Missile - 1972-US/USSR
    • Limited weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
    • In the 1980's, President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
    • US withdraws in 2001 under George W. Bush
      • Withdrew due to missile defense system 
  • The Ballistic Missile Defense System 
    • Missile Defense Agency
      • Program is designed to counter many nuclear missile attack on the US or allies 
  • Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1996
    • signed by President Bill Clinton
    • Not ratified by the Senate
    • "A ban on testing would damage the safety and reliability of America's existing nuclear arsenal, and it would be impossible to guarantee the cooperation among all countries
  • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - 1957
    • Weapon inspectors that investigate and supervise to make sure countries are following the rules after signing 
  • INF Treaty - 1987
    • Eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges (300-3,004 miles)
    • USSR/US
  • The START Treaties
    • Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
      • START I (1991)
      • Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
      • Resulted in the removal of about 80% of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
      • The START I Treaty expired in 2009
  • SORT - 2003
    • Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
      • Between US and Russia
      • Stockpile of both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut in half by 2012
      • The goal was achieved in 2007 for US
      • Lasted from 2003-2011 when New Start took its place 
  • New START- 2011
    • Signed by President Obama and former Russian President Medvedev
    • The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
    • A new inspection and verification system will be established 
    • Lasts until 2021
  • United Nation 1945- Present 
    • World Wide peace keeping organization that most countries are part of 
    • Replaced the League of Nations
    • Has military force that can wage war
  • The First Berlin Crisis (June 1948- May 1949)
    • In 1948, the three western controlled zones of Germany's (US, France, UK) were united, and grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan
    • The West wanted the East to rejoin, but Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security
    • In June 1948, Stalin decided to try and gain control of West Berlin which was deep inside the eastern sector 
    • Stalin cut road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission 
• The Second Red Scare - 1947-57
  • Causes:
    • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
      • found guilty of spying for the Soviets
        • executed in 1953
    • The Iron Curtain surrounding Eastern Europe - 1945
    • The USSR detonating their atomic bomb - 1949
    • China becoming communist - 1949
    • The Korean War starting in 1950 - Domino Effect
    • Stalin's actions in Germany-Berlin Blockade 
• Chiang Kai Shek (leader) vs Mao Zedong (Communist leader)
  • China was invaded by Japan in 1930
    • two worked together 
    • Mao Zedong won even though Shek started out doing better 
• Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith Act)
  • Made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US government
  • Required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government 
  • Approximately 215 people were indicted under the legislation, including alleged communists Anarchists, and fascists
  • Prosecutions under the Smith Act continued until the Supreme Court decision declared law unconstitutional in 1957
• Senator Joe McCarthy
  • Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) was a Republican Senator from Wisconsin 
  • In 1950, he gave a speech where he claimed to have a list of 205 Communists in the State Department
  • No one in the press actually saw the names on the list, but McCarthy's announcement made national news and caused panic through the country
  • McCarthy's Downfall
    • McCarthy's downfall finally began in October 1953, when he started to investigate "communist infiltration into the military"
    • This was the final straw for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who realized that McCarthy's movement needed to be stopped
    • In late 1954, the Senate voted to censure hum for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges
    • McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism
  • McCarthyism
    • The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence 
• House Un-American Activities Committee - HUAC - 1945-1975
  • This organization went after directors and actors in Hollywood
  • The committee believed that films were spreading communist propaganda
  • They set up hearings to investigate the movie industry
  • Hollywood Ten
    • Each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay a $1,000 fine
    • Blacklisted Directors/ Actors/Actresses 
      • Charlie Chaplin
        • one of first early actors, that made the industry boom
        • in 1952 - he left the US for a job opportunity, he heard he was being watched and he never came back until receiving an award 
          • 12 min standing ovation 
• 1952- US Test Hydrogen Bomb
• USSR Launches Sputnik - 1957
  • satellite
  • Yuri Gagarin - 1961
    • caused US to panic
    • JFK's Moonshot Speech
• Francis Gary Powers Shot Down in USSR - 1960   
• Eisenhower Embarrassment 
  • Khrushchev:
    • "I must tell you a secret. When I made my first report I deliberately did not say that the pilot was alive and well... and now just look how many silly things [the Americans]" have said. 
• Berlin Wall - 1961
  • Why was the Wall Built?
    • there had been a fence before the wall
    • Brandenberg Gate 
• Fidel Castro Overthrows Batista
  • Bay of Pigs
• Cuban Missile Crisis - October, 1962
  • Range of Soviet Missiles Launched from Cuba
  • The Compromise:
    • The Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba
    • The US would promise never to invade Cuba
    • The US would secretly remove our nuclear missiles from Turkey within 6 months
• Leonid Brezhnev - 1964-1982
• Detente - 1970's
  • relaxations of tensions
    • Nixon visits China
    • Nixon visits Moscow
•  Soviets Invade Afghanistan - 1979
• Ronald Reagan Becomes President - 1981
  • ran on a very strong anti-communist platform
  • Soviets had just invaded Afghanistan 
• Yuri Andropov - USSR Leader - 1982
• Konstantin Chernenko Takes Over  - 1985
• Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to Power in USSR - 1985
• Perestroika and Glasnost - 1985
  • Perestroika - Restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system
    • more democracy
    • free elections
• Berlin Wall Comes Down 
  • November 9, 1989
• Boris Yeltsin - President of Russia 1991-1999
• US Won the Cold War
  • different type of victory
  • We had close ties with out Allies and the USSR didn't
  • China started siding with us after 1972
  • The Soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US's was flourishing
    • huge deficit
    • high inflation 
    • corruption 
    • social problems
    • shortage of basic needs (food, housing)
  • The strong anti-communist presidency of Reagan
  • Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform 
    • glasnost and perestroika
    • admitted Soviet mistakes
    • took blame for the Cold War
    • communist system had failed
    • allowed Eastern Europe to do what they wanted 
  • Arms Reduction Talks
    • SALT, INF, Reagan-Gorbachev meetings
  • Soviet Mistakes
    • invasion of Afghanistan 
    • ignoring social concerns
    • spent everything on military 
• Post- Cold War
  • In the 1990's, the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place
  • We didn't have any major threat to worry about 
  • President Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing the size of the US military
  • 9-11 caught the US off guard
• Putin New Leader in Russia - 1999- 2008 and 2012-?
• Cease - Fire signed - Minsk 2 

Semester Test 

• Semester Test Topics

Monday:

• Went over forum post leaders stories, went over Cold War PowerPoint

Tuesday:

• Cold War PowerPoint

Wednesday:

• Cold War PowerPoint

Thursday:

• Work day for decades project

Friday:

• Work day for decades project

Causes of the Cold War

• Different political systems 
  • US is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
  • USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
• The Red Scare- 1919
• Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
• Stalin despised capitalism
• Distrust during WWII
• Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta conference
• American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR's fear of US attack 
• USSR's fear of the atomic bomb
• USSR's actions in their German zone
• USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
• Yalta Conference-- February 1945
  • Before the end of the WWII, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on many points:
    • The establishment of the United Nations
    • Germany to be divided into four zones
    • Free elections allowed in the sates of eastern Europe
    • Russia promised to join the war against Japan
  • The "West"
    • Democratic world
    • Super Power= United States
  • The "East"
    • Communist world
    • Super Power= Soviet Union
  • Alliances
    • NATO vs Warsaw Pact
      • US and Canada and Western European Countries included vs Poland, East Germany, Hungary, etc
• Post WWII Cold War Goals for US
  • Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
  • Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
  • Stop the spread of communism
    • Policy of Containment 
• Post WWII Cold War Goals for USSR
  • Wanted to create greater security for itself
    • Lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
    • Feared a strong Germany
  • Established defensible borders
  • Encourage friendly governments on its borders
  • Spread communism around the world 
• Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain" Speech 1946
  • Missouri 
  • an iron curtain split Europe
    • you had the West and the East
• Domino Effect - Eisenhower-1954
  • one country became communist and a bunch of others followed 
  • Soviet Union was mastermind behind it 
  • led to Containment factors
• Policy of Containment-1946
  • year after WWII ends, we know Soviet Union has a problem and we need to stop it
• Truman Doctrine
  • In 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas
  • They appealed to America for aid and awe responded with the Truman Doctrine
  • Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists
• Marshall Plan
  • In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan
  • This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war
  • There were two motive for this:
    • Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, benefiting American industry
    • A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism 
• Brinkmanship - 1950's-1960's
  • Massive Retaliation
  • Mutual Deterrence
  • Mutual Assured Destruction 
• NATO
  • in 1949 the Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
  • NATO was a defensive alliance
  • This was the first peacetime alliance in US History
  • America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy 
• Warsaw Pact 1955-1991
• CIA vs KGB
  • Central Intelligence Agency-1947-Present
  • Komitet Gosudarstvennnoy Bezopasnosti
    • Committee for State Secretary 
    • 1954-1991
• Stalin Dies 1953
  • Nikita Khrushchev - came to power (1953-1964)
  • Peaceful Co-existence after 1953
  • De-Stalinization - after 1953
  • Detente- 1970's
• Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR - 1985 
  • ultimately brought an end to the Soviet Union
• Perestroika and Glasnost - 1985
  • Perestroika- Restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system 
    • more democracy
    • free elections
  • Glasnost-More openness of the Soviet government and for it's people 
    • free speech and press
• USSR's First  Atomic Test 1949
• Nuclear Powers of the World
  • -Russia -1949
  • -United States -1945
  • -China -1964
  • North Korea
  • Great Britain 
  • -United Kingdom -1952
  • -France -1960
  • India
  • Pakistan
  • Israel ?
  • Iran ? developing
• Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizations
  • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1963
  • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty- 1968
    • "Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology"
    • "Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy"
    • "Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament" 
  • SALT I Treaty- 1972
    • Richard Nixon
      • President of US
    • Nikita Khrushchev 
    • Leonid Brezhnev 
      • General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
    • SALT II was signed but never ratified by Congress
      • Due to Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
    • Froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels 
    • Limited new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)
  • Anti-Ballistic Missile - 1972-US/USSR
    • Limited weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
    • In the 1980's, President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
    • US withdraws in 2001 under George W. Bush
      • Withdrew due to missile defense system 
  • The Ballistic Missile Defense System 
    • Missile Defense Agency
      • Program is designed to counter many nuclear missile attack on the US or allies 
  • Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1996
    • signed by President Bill Clinton
    • Not ratified by the Senate
    • "A ban on testing would damage the safety and reliability of America's existing nuclear arsenal, and it would be impossible to guarantee the cooperation among all countries
  • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - 1957
    • Weapon inspectors that investigate and supervise to make sure countries are following the rules after signing 
  • INF Treaty - 1987
    • Eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges (300-3,004 miles)
    • USSR/US
  • The START Treaties
    • Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
      • START I (1991)
      • Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
      • Resulted in the removal of about 80% of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
      • The START I Treaty expired in 2009
  • SORT - 2003
    • Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
      • Between US and Russia
      • Stockpile of both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut in half by 2012
      • The goal was achieved in 2007 for US
      • Lasted from 2003-2011 when New Start took its place 
  • New START- 2011
    • Signed by President Obama and former Russian President Medvedev
    • The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
    • A new inspection and verification system will be established 
    • Lasts until 2021
  • United Nation 1945- Present 
    • World Wide peace keeping organization that most countries are part of 
    • Replaced the League of Nations
    • Has military force that can wage war
  • The First Berlin Crisis (June 1948- May 1949)
    • In 1948, the three western controlled zones of Germany's (US, France, UK) were united, and grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan
    • The West wanted the East to rejoin, but Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security
    • In June 1948, Stalin decided to try and gain control of West Berlin which was deep inside the eastern sector 
    • Stalin cut road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission 

Monday: 

• Gone 

Tuesday:

• Gone-- Started Cold War

Wednesday:

• Cold War discussion over PowerPoint - project info

Thursday:

• Went over Decade Project and had a work day 
• Link to Decade Project Requirements

Friday: 

Causes of the Cold War

• Different political systems 
  • US is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
  • USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
• The Red Scare- 1919
• Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
• Stalin despised capitalism
• Distrust during WWII
• Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta conference
• American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR's fear of US attack 
• USSR's fear of the atomic bomb
• USSR's actions in their German zone
• USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
• Yalta Conference-- February 1945
  • Before the end of the WWII, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on many points:
    • The establishment of the United Nations
    • Germany to be divided into four zones
    • Free elections allowed in the sates of eastern Europe
    • Russia promised to join the war against Japan
  • The "West"
    • Democratic world
    • Super Power= United States
  • The "East"
    • Communist world
    • Super Power= Soviet Union
  • Alliances
    • NATO vs Warsaw Pact
      • US and Canada and Western European Countries included vs Poland, East Germany, Hungary, etc
• Post WWII Cold War Goals for US
  • Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
  • Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
  • Stop the spread of communism
    • Policy of Containment 
• Post WWII Cold War Goals for USSR
  • Wanted to create greater security for itself
    • Lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
    • Feared a strong Germany
  • Established defensible borders
  • Encourage friendly governments on its borders
  • Spread communism around the world 
• Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain" Speech 1946
  • Missouri 
  • an iron curtain split Europe
    • you had the West and the East
• Domino Effect - Eisenhower-1954
  • one country became communist and a bunch of others followed 
  • Soviet Union was mastermind behind it 
  • led to Containment factors
• Policy of Containment-1946
  • year after WWII ends, we know Soviet Union has a problem and we need to stop it

Monday:

We went over notes, discussed blogs (graded today)

Tuesday:

Wednesday:

Thursday:

Friday: 

Holocaust:

• Genocide:
  • killing members of a group
  • causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the grou
  • deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in while or in part
  • imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
  • forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
• Inferior - According to Hitler
  • Jews (6 million) - 2/3 (9 million)
  • Gypsies (Roma's) 
  • Mentally/ Physically handicapped people
  • Soviet Slavs (ethnic group)/ POW's/Troops
  • Poles
  • Homosexuals
  • Communists
  • Dark skinned people
  • Mixed races
  • Jehovah's Witnesses 
• Aryan Race
  • Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany 
  • Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular
  • The original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect 
• Lebensborn - Fount of Life
  • The program aim to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit"
  • Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
  • Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
  • Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans 
• Hitler's Jewish Question - 1933
  • Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933- Never restored
  • The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Communists
  • Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools 
  • Most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges 
• Nuremberg Laws 1935
  • Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights
  • Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race. 
    • eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
  • Jews could only marry Jews
  • No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
• 1936
  • Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses 
• Kristallnacht - 1938
  • "Night of Broken Glass"
    • On the nights on November 9 & 10 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
    • In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7500 Jewish Businesses were destroyed
    • 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
    • Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack
• 1938
  • All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria
  • Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses 
• Hitler's Final Solution 
  • Genocide
  • kill all 9 million Jews
• 1939
  • Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria 
  • Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars
• 1940
  • Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland
  • Jews are forced into ghettos
  • Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland 
• 1941
  • Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos 
  • in two days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar
• 1942
  • Nazi officials announce "Final Solution" their plan to kill all European Jews
  • Five death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Trablinka, Belzec, Auschwitz- Birkenau
• 1943
  • Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising.
• 1944
  • Hitler takes over Hungary and beings deporting Jews 
• 1945
  • Hitler is defeated and Wold War II ends in Europe
  • The Holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied
  • Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them 
• 1947
  • The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948

Monday:

• Notes over Japan/ Germany presentation 

Tuesday:

• Notes over Germany

Wednesday:

• Career day

Thursday:

• Germany PowerPoint

Friday:

• Germany Powerpoint and new forum post leaders

Japan

•  Areas controlled by Japan during WWII
  • Several regions in China 1938-1945
  • French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) - July 15,1940 - August 29, 1945
  • Hong Kong (UK) - December 12, 1940 - August 15, 1945
  • Thailand - an as 'allied' state although induced - December 8, 1941 - August 15, 1941
  • British New Guinea - December 27, 1941 - September 15, 1945
  • Philippines (USA) - January 2, 1942 - November 27
  • Andaman and nicobar Ilands (India)
  • Straits Settlements (Singapore)
  • Kingdom of Sarawak (UK)
• Areas Attacked but not conquered
  • Air raids on AustraliaBritish Columbia 
    • Broome 
    • Darwin
    • Newcastle
    • Sydney
  • Kohima and Manipur
  • Colombo and Trincomale
  • Dornod
  • United States
    • Santa Barbara (California)
    • Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
    • Midway Atoll
    • For Stevens (Oregon)
• Japan in the 1920's
  • Joined League of Nations
• Japanese Invasion of Manchuria - 1931China Incident - July 1937
  • lacking world trade and needed resources 
  • The League of Nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had no military force
  • The message sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because Great Britain and France did ntot want war
  • Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after the invasion 
• Rape of Nanking - Late 1937 - Early 1938Tripartite Pact is signed forming Axis Powers - 1940
  • mass killing of Chinese people (300,000)
  • mass raping of Chinese women and girls 
  • mass looting and arson
  • some in Japan ave denied that the military killed civilians for no reason 
  • still causes tension between the two countries today 
  • there were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation 
• Soviet- Japanese Neutrality Pact
  • The USSR and Japan signed an agreement to not fight one another in April, 1941
  • Japan considered breaking this once Germany (their ally) invaded the USSR in June, 1941, but did not
  • The USSR broke this treaty when they declared war on Japan August 9,1945
• Admiral Yamamoto
  • came up with the Pearl Harbor attack
  • educated in the United States
• Pearl Harbor
  • after invading French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
  • Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact in April, 1941, guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
  • Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war
  • Only way to force US' hand was to hit them and in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
• December 8, 1941December 7, 1941- Philippines
  • last day US declared war
• Battle of Coral Sea- First turning point in the Pacific 
• Battle of Midway - June 1942 - Major turning point in the pacific
• Guadalcanal- August, 1942- February, 1943
  • island hopping 
• Kamikazes
  • desperation

Germany

-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.

• Nazi Party was set up
  • Pressured the Weimar Republic
    • Ruling Class
    • Blamed Jews
  • Beer Hall Putsch
    • Hitler's arrest
    • Mein Kampf
• Economy
  • Mass unemployment
  • Inflation
• Treaty of Versailles
  • Germany lost land
    • France
    • Belgium
    • Denmark
    • Poland
    • Czechoslovakia
  • Military was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanksHad to pay $33 billion to the Allies
    • Not allowed to have an air force
    • Allowed only 6 capital ships

-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc

• 5,533,000 military deaths
• Civilian and Military Deaths- 6,600,000-8,800,000
• Germany was an Axis power

-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII

                -background

                -how they came to power

                -how they lost power

-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war

• Nazi propaganda
• Rallies and Speeches
  • Speeches given by Hitler
  • parades
• Nazi bride schools
  • women would go to school to become good Nazi wives
• Slave Labor
  • Foreigners from countries were taken over by Nazis
• Children
  • Enlistment age dropped to 13 and many kids fought

-Discuss major battle strategies

• Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)
  • Small mobile forces
  • Prevented Warlock
  • Used against
    • Poland
    • Belgium
    • Netherlands
    • France
• Siegfried Line
  • Stopped tanks
  • Stopped attacks
  • Proved ineffective
• Atlantic Wall
  • 2,000 mile long defense of 
    • Gun placements
    • Tank traps
    • Obstacles

-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in

• D-Day
  • Allies had liberated North Africa and pressed on into Italy
  • Hitler refused to surrender
• Battle of Britain
  • First major military campaign in history to be fought entirely in the air
  • They were trying to win air superiority over Great Britain
• Operation Barbarossa
  • Hitler launched his armies in a massive invasion of the Soviet Union
  • Severely underestimated their opponents
  • Biggest Mistake

-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war

• Walter Von Brauchitsch
  • Commander and Chief of the German Army
• Joseph Goebbels
  • Minister of Propaganda
• Erwin RommelHenrich Himmler
  • General- implicated in a plot to overthrow Hitler

-Discuss why they won or lost the war

• Supply lines were too long
• Russian winter (Germany not prepared)
• Troops too spread out
• Russia had too many soldiers
• Too many allied countries against Germany

-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country

• Germany got divided into 4 different zones
• It had been transformed in 15 years from a Nazi disaster zone to a prosperous immigration zone
• Germans in both East and West Germany turned away from militarism
• Weren't nationalistic after the War

First true calling came from WWI 

• Swastika - Nazi symbol
  • was a sign of peace before 
• Beer Hall Putsch - 1923
  • push to take over the German government
    • completely unsuccessful 
  • Hitler's Trial - 1924
    • Hitler in prison  for four years
  • Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• Hitler Rise to Power
  • early actions of Hitler:
    • drops out of the League of Nations
    • starts rearming Germany 
    • rearms the German Rhineland area
  • Anschuluss (Union) with Austria - 1938
  • Sudetenland Drisis - 1939
  • "Reunited German-speaking peoples" 
• Munich Conference -- Chamberlain: "Peace for our time"
  • Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
  • Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories
  • Hitler wanted to reunite all German speaking people
  • Became known as the "Policy of appeasement"
• Winston Churchill
  • criticized Chamberlain for Appeasement 
• Hitler takes over all of Czechoslovakia - 19
• Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
  • Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
  • both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered for war
  • Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland. Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half
  • Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania 
• Nazi- Soviet Regression Pact
  • how did the world react to this pact?
    • shock
    • Poland was scared
    • Hitler though it would force Great Britain and France back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked 
• Sitzkrieg- The Phony War
  • Ends Spring, 1940
  • Czech & Poland 
• France's "Impenetrable" Maginot Line
• Dunkirk Evacuated June 4, 1940
• France surrenders June, 1940
• Nazi Goal's for Battle of Britain
  • 1) Destroy the Royal Air Force (before invasion was possible-

Monday:

• No school 

Tuesday:

• We went over forum post leaders stories, and watched Italy movie with some discussion at the end 

Wednesday:

• We talked about and went over the Italy PowerPoint 

Thursday:

• We went over the Japan presentation and discussed the notes

Friday: 

• We got new forum post leaders, and continued talking about Japan.

Italy

• Established Fascism
  • a government led by a strong dictator
  • stresses strong nationalism, militarism and imperialism
  • uses intimidation to get what they want 
• Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
  • Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
• Italy Ethiopia Invasion 
  • May 5 Italy occupied Addis Ababa - annexed all Ethiopia on May 9
• Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War 1936
  • Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
  • This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops
• Rome - Berlin Axis 1936
• Tripartite Pact was signed forming the Axis Powers 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan
• Italy's Goals:
  • Make  a new Roman Empire
  • Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake" (italy wants to control all of the area)
  • Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France-especially Egypt
  • Take over southeastern Europe-Greece and Albania
  • Take over parts of the Middle East
• Italy's Invasion of Greece-1940
• Italy's Defeat-1943
  • not free after surrendering because Germany had sent troops in and had control for almost two years
• Why did Italy Lose
  • Italy was not prepared to militarily fight a prolonged war
    • Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
  • Italian troops were spread to thing-Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France, Battle of Britain
  • the people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight, They were forced to fight, 
  • Overall, Italy was just a week country 
• Impact WWII had on Italy
  • 410,000 dead-330,000 Military deaths
  • Spent $94 billion
  • Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
  • US gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war
  • Became a member of NATO in 1949
  • Became a member of the United Nations in 1955

Japan

•  Areas controlled by Japan during WWII
  • Several regions in China 1938-1945
  • French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) - July 15,1940 - August 29, 1945
  • Hong Kong (UK) - December 12, 1940 - August 15, 1945
  • Thailand - an as 'allied' state although induced - December 8, 1941 - August 15, 1941
  • British New Guinea - December 27, 1941 - September 15, 1945
  • Philippines (USA) - January 2, 1942 - November 27
  • Andaman and nicobar Ilands (India)
  • Straits Settlements (Singapore)
  • Kingdom of Sarawak (UK)
• Areas Attacked but not conquered
  • Air raids on Australia
    • Broome 
    • Darwin
    • Newcastle
    • Sydney
  • British Columbia 
  • Kohima and Manipur
  • Colombo and Trincomale
  • Dornod
  • United States
    • Santa Barbara (California)
    • Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
    • Midway Atoll
    • For Stevens (Oregon)
• Japan in the 1920's
  • Joined League of Nations
• Japanese Invasion of Manchuria - 1931
  • lacking world trade and needed resources 
  • The League of Nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had no military force
  • The message sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because Great Britain and France did ntot want war
  • Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after the invasion 
• China Incident - July 1937
• Rape of Nanking - Late 1937 - Early 1938
  • mass killing of Chinese people (300,000)
  • mass raping of Chinese women and girls 
  • mass looting and arson
  • some in Japan ave denied that the military killed civilians for no reason 
  • still causes tension between the two countries today 
  • there were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation 
• Tripartite Pact is signed forming Axis Powers - 1940
• Soviet- Japanese Neutrality Pact
  • The USSR and Japan signed an agreement to not fight one another in April, 1941
  • Japan considered breaking this once Germany (their ally) invaded the USSR in June, 1941, but did not
  • The USSR broke this treaty when they declared war on Japan August 9,1945
• Admiral Yamamoto
  • came up with the Pearl Harbor attack
  • educated in the United States
• Pearl Harbor
  • after invading French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
  • Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact in April, 1941, guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
  • Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war
  • Only way to force US' hand was to hit them and in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
• December 8, 1941
  • last day US declared war
• December 7, 1941- Philippines
• Battle of Coral Sea- First turning point in the Pacific 
• Battle of Midway - June 1942 - Major turning point in the pacific
• Guadalcanal- August, 1942- February, 1943
  • island hopping 
• Kamikazes
  • desperation
•  

Monday:

• Test

Tuesday:

• Test

Wednesday:

Test

Thursday:

• No school

Friday:

• No school 

Monday:

• We went over forum post leaders stories, touched on tests taking place toward the end of the week, finished Soviet Union notes and went over more on the US
• Previous Blog/ Notes (2)
• Previous Blog/ Notes (1)

Tuesday:

• We went over US notes.

Wednesday:

• We continued US notes.

Thursday:

• We watched a video over St. Patrick, discussed US declaring genocide, 

Friday:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U.S. Notes Continued 

• VJ Day
  • August 14/15, 1945 (Official UK)
  • September 2, 1945 (Official for US)
    • When Japan officially signed on USS Missouri 
• Potsdam Conference - July, 1945
  • on July 26, the United States, Great Britain, and China issued the Potsdam Declaration 
  • announced the terms for Japan's surrender 
  • "We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives." 
  • Dismantle the current government of Japan (excluding Emperor Hirohito) 
  • The Allies (US) will occupy Japan
  • Japan will consist only of the major islands (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku). It will lose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it.
  • Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
  • There will be war crime trials for the atrocities committed by Japan throughout WWII 
  • Democracy will be promoted as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948)
  • Japan will be allowed to have industry so they can make money to pay for reparations. World trade will also be enabled at some point. 
  • Allied (US) occupation of Japan (1945-1952) will end once Japan accomplishes all the above points
  • "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action, The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction." President Harry Truman 
• WWII Major Battle/ Operations Timeline vs Germany 
  • Battle of he Atlantic - 1941-45
  • Operation Torch (Invasion of Morocco) - 1942
  • Operation Avalanche 
  • German U-Boats
    • after repeated attacks by German U-boats on U.S. ships in the Fall of 1941, FDR announced that he had ordered the U.S. Navy to  attack German and Italian war ships 
  • Convoy System
    • way to fight back against U-boat warfare 
  • Allied Intelligence
    • Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat the Axis powers. 
    • The Allies shared information from RADAR and High Frequency Radio Direction Finding (HF/DF or Huff Duff)
    • RADAR provided a means of detecting Vessels and aircraft above the surface
    • HF/DF was used to locate the sources of enemy radio transmissions such as submarines
    • Allied intelligence leaders began sharing code-breaking secrets, known as "very special intelligence" and classified under cover-names like "ULTRA" -British intelligence of intercepting and deciphering military codes. MAGIC - process of intercepting and breaking Japanese codes.
  • Enigma 
    • System in which Germany transferred their information through codes
    • solving the Enigma system remains one of the great Allied triumphs of WWII
    • During periods when allied crypt-analysts were unable to solve Enigma, U-boats caused great damage
  • Bombe
    • giant computers that decoded things
  • Depth Chargers
    • destroys submarines 
  • Dwight Eisenhower
    • 3rd in command 
  • D-Day Operation Overlord- June 6, 1944
    • invading France (Normandy) because Germany had taken it over and we had to retake it
    • Day of Days
  • Three major US generals
  • • Ike (Eisenhower), Patton, and Bradley
    • 156,000 Allied troops from the US, United Kingdom,
  • US casualties: 6,6603 (1,465 killed)
  • By June 11, with the beachheads firmly secured
  • more than 326,00 troops had crossed with more than 100,000 tons of military equipment 
  • Paris was liberated on August 25
  • Germany surrendered on May 8,1945 
• Battle of the Bulge
  • Hitlers last major offensive of the war
  • The coldest, snowiest weather "in memory" in the Ardennes Forrest on the German/Belgium border
  • Over a million men, 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans (more than fought at Gettysburg), 55,000 British
  • 5-6 months before the war ended
  • The Malmedy Massacre, where 86 American soldiers were murdered, was the worse atrocity committed against American troops during the course of the war in Europe 
• Yalta Conference Feb 1945
  • Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin 
  • We knew we had won, so we needed to decide what was going to happen after the war 
  • Before the end of the WWII met at Yalta
  • 1) The establishment of the United Nations
  • 2) Germany to be divided into four zones
  • 3) Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
  • 4) USSR promised to join the war against Japan
• V-E Day May 8, 1945
  • Victory in Europe 
• FDR dies,  Harry Truman is sworn in- April 12, 1945
  • was just elected as vice president in March- 1 month later (inexperienced) 
  • left presidency with the lowest,..
• Women in WWII
  • Rosie the Riveter
    • represented women workers
  • worked in factories
  • stayed at home
  • secretaries 
  • nurses
  • used for about everything 
  • WASP
    • women's army service pilots
• "Tokyo Rose" Iva Toguri
  • forced o broadcast propaganda to the Allied troops for Japan 
  • she taunted the troops and played music to make soldiers homesick 
• Native Americans- Navajo Code Talkers
• African Americans
  • Tuskegee Institute/ Airmen 

Monday:

• We finished Great Britain notes, We Shall Never Surrender speech extra credit, and went over Soviet Union presentation.

Tuesday:

• We did or turned in our second movie summary, and started the second WWII movie.

Wednesday:

Thursday:

Friday:

• No school

-------------------------------

WWII

-Great Britain

• UK lost its leading position in the world 
• UK lost many colonies
• New international peace organization 
• Home front: 
  • factories
  • "we shall never surrender"
  • kids pushed to the country side
  • draft propaganda 

- Soviet Union

• Goal:
  • destroy their most dangerous rival: Nazi Germany
  • expand their Soviet Communist system to control an many people and resources as possible 
• Battles:
  • Operation Barbarossa
    • between Germany and Soviet Union
    • plan to secretly attack 
    • Moscow, Stalingrad, Leningrad
  • Battle of Stalingrad
    • Germany was trying to push east
    • S.U.- over 1 million casualties
    • Germany- 920,000
    • Worst battle in history as far as casualties 
  • Battle of Moscow
    • good defense and winter's help lead to victory 
    • casualties again exceeded 1 million
    • The Russians were more prepared for the winter and Germans were not
  • Battle of Leningrad
    • Germany aimed to siege (surround, bomb, and starve) the city
    • lasted over 900 days
  • Battle of Berlin
    • April - May 1945
    • Soviet Union's attack on the West East (German infantry)
    • Hitler married and committed suicide 
• Help
  • Battle of Berlin: soviets attacked Berlin with full force
  • Soviet Union had ended on a "slaughter of Germans"
• Strategies
  • Trench Warfare
  • Roadblocks
  • Tank raids
  • Artillery 
• The Grand Alliance
  • U.S. and Great Britain
• Joseph Stalin 
  • brutal dictator 
  • killed a lot of his own people 
  • "destalinization" - undoing the terrible things he did
  • came to power after Lenin died 
• Total cost of war - $192 billion 
• Casualties 
  • around 8-11 million war deaths
  • 27 million 
• Propaganda
  • posters, radios, and newspapers
• Home-front
  • every packed and moved east because of invasion on west
  • children still attended school but with few supplies 
  • war production increased
  • peasants were forced to work on collective farms
    • farms were taken away from farmers due to lack of food in the country 
  • many women participated in the war
• People and Generals
  • Georgy Zhykov
    • most successful Russian General 
    • "The man who never lost a battle"
    • demoted by Stalin
  • Vyacheslav Molotov
    • foreign minister
    • helped with a lot of the pact between Germany and Russia
    • in charge of collective farms
      • millions died
    • "The enemy will be defeated. The victory will be ours."
  • Ivan Konev
    • one of most outstanding generals
    • commander of western front
      • responsibility of defending approaches to Moscow
      • failed within one month
  • Nikita Khrushchev
    • political commissioner of the war
    • huge Stalin supporter
    • after Stalin's death he took over his spot
• Impact
  • destroyed big cities
  • Set up communist governments in 
    • Poland
    • Hungary
    • Romania 
    • etc.
  • became a leading world power
• USSR Prior to WWII
  • Russia drops out of WWI to fight Bolshevik Revolution (War between communist and non communist in Russia)-Russia became communist and changed name to USSR-Purges and deportation to slave labor camps in Siberia
  • Strengthened the intelligence and secret service
  • Created a "Cult of Personality"
  • Nationalization and Collectivization of the Soviet economy
  • Industrialization of the soviet economy
  • Five Year Plans
  • Policies led to famine in Ukraine (5-10 million died- considered a genocide by some)
  • Banned religion 
• USSR in WWII
  • signed German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in 1939 leading to the invasion of Poland
  • also invaded Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland in 1939
  • signed Neutrality Pact with Japan in 1941
  • Invaded by Germany in June 1941
  • Stalin instituted his retreat and "scorched earth" policies
  • the Russian winter of 1941-42 changed the tide of the war

-France

• was invaded in May of 1940 by Germany (Blitz)
• within a month was taken over (surrendered)
• between WWI and WWII built a huge concrete fortification between Great Britain and Germany 
  • wall stopped at Belgium so Germany went around
• Two governments
  • Free French Underground
    • Charles De Gaulle
    • Based in London
  • Vichy Government
    • Marshall Petain
    • city in central France

Monday:

Tuesday:

• WWII presentations

Wednesday:

• study hall (basketball game)

Thursday:

• Went over US involvement slides, started Great Britain presentation

Friday:

WWII:

Allied Powers:

United States:

• won:
  • pumping out lots of stuff
• Selective Training and Service Act
  • Passed in September, 1940 and ended in 1947
  • Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for draft
  • Extended to all men aged 18 to 45 once US entered war 
  • First peacetime draft in US history 
• Draft
  • each male registered
  • was given a number between 1-7,836
  • in Washington, papers with the number were put into capsules
  • capsules were dumped into a giant fishbowl then stirred
  • numbers were picked and if it's yours you go 
• Atlantic Charter
  • signed in August 1941 between the US(FDR) and Great Britain (Churchill)
  • Defined the Allied goals for the post-war world 
    • many similarities to Wilson's 14 Points
• Battle Time line vs Japan
  • **Pearl Harbor - December 7, 1941
    • Sunday morning 
    • USS Arizona Memorial
      • names of Arizona's dead are engraved on this white marble wall a the memorial
      • FDR's War Message
        • Pearl Harbor was not the only area Japan attacked on December 7
        • "Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya."
        • "Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong."
        • "Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam."
        • "Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands."
        • "Last night the Japanese attacked Wake Island."
        • "This morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island."
      • Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
        • After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
        • Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese  Neutrality Pact in April 1941, guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
        • Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war
        • Only way to force US' hand was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
        • Japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but though it was the only way to defeat US
        • Plan backfired. Instead, Japan "awoke a sleeping giant"
      • Backdoor to War Conspiracy
        • were going to try and force Japan into a "corner" so they have no chance outside of attacking us
  • Battle of the Philippines
    • Douglas MacArthur
  • Doolittle's Raid
  • Battle of Coral Sea
  • Battle of Midway (major turning point)\
    • one of the most famous battles 
    • demolished Japan
    • we won because of "magic"
    • desifered Japanese codes 
  • Battle of Guadalcanal
  • Battle of Saipan
  • Battle of Guam
  • Battle of Iwo Jima
    • one of worst battles for US in terms of loses (6,821) 
  • Battle of Okinawa
  • Hiroshima/Nagasaki Bombing 
• Kamikazes
  • suicide planes that Japan started using 
  • explosives on an airplane going head first into a ship to potentially sink it 
  • desperation effort by Japanese at end of war
• Summer 1945- Preparing for the invasion of Japan
  • operation Downfall
  • planned for October
  • estimated to have over 1 million casualties
  • estimated to have 267,000 deaths 
  • never happened because of bomb droppings
• The Manhattan Project
  • 1939-1945
  • development of bombs
• Trinity Test
  • July 16, 1945
  • Alamogordo, Mexico
  • Enola Gay- airplane designed to carry atomic bombs
• Hiroshima Bombing 
  • 'Little Boy"
• Nagasaki Bombing
  • "Fat Man"
  • bockscar

Great Britain: 

• After
  • further expansion of British Empire
    • got a lot of land from Germany
    • "most powerful country in the world"
  • independence of Ireland
    • got independence from Great Britain at the end of the war
  • 4,5, and 9 Power Pacts
    • Washington Naval Conference
  • Joined League of Nations
  • Signed the Kellogg Brained Pact
• Great Depression
  • largest economic depression of the 20th century in the UK
• 1930's Road to war
  • signs of threat from Germany
  • Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement
• WWII
  • Great Britain declared war on Germany
  • Churchill appointed to prime minister
  • evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium
• Battle of Britain
  • Hitler wanted air superiority over Royal Air Forces and Britain
  • The Luftwaffe targets RAF airfields and raids cities
  • The British people show great resistance to the assault
  • Germany fails to destroy British air defenses 
• USA joins the war
• The Alllies succeed in North Africa and attack Italy in 1943
• D-day June 6th 1944
• Hitler commits suicide 

Monday:

• We continued the video and discussed our movie summary and WWII project
• WWII PowerPoint: Here
• WWII Projects: Here

Tuesday:

• We finished the WWII video and talked about our movie assignments and projects.

Wednesday:

• Movie assignments were due and given, and we worked on our World War projects. 

Thursday:

• We talked about movie summary expectations for next time (second movie due March 9), and had our second work day on World War projects.

Friday:

Monday:

• Second day of 1930's test

Tuesday:

• We went over forum post leaders stories, went over semester test questions, started WWII Unit (watch WWII video and create summary - first due Wed. 24 - 30 pts)

Wednesday:

• We went over the movie summary expectations, 

Thursday:

• We went over the project, and got new forum post leaders
• Link to WWII Project Page

Friday:

• No school

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WWII

• December 7,1941- Pearl Harbor
• December 8, 1941- last time the U.S. was officially at war

• Two major alliances during WWII and what countries they belonged to 
  • Axis Powers
    • Germany (1939- Russia wouldn't fight them)
    • Italy
    • Japan
  • Allied Powers
    • Canada
    • United States
    • Soviet Union
    • France
    • Great Britain
    • China
    • Australia
    • Italy eventually switched sides
  • Axis vs Allied
• Road to WWII
  • Benito Mussolini  - 
  • Adolf Hitler - Germany
  • Winston Churchill - Great Britain 
  • FDR - United States
  • Joseph Stallone - Soviet Union
  • Hideki Tojo - Japan military dictator
  • Hiro Hito - Japanese emperor 
• Treat of Versailles 1919
  • cause of WWII
  • treaty that ended WWI
  • Hitler wanted land back that was taken from Germany at the end of WWI
  • Territorial
    • following land taken from Germany:
      • France
      • Belgium
      • Denmark 
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Poland
    • Hitler took over all the land 20 years later
    • The League of Nations also took control of Germany;s overseas colonies
    • Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Some of this land was made into new states: Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. Poland also received some of this land 
  • Military
    • no air force
    • no submarines
      • only allowed 6 capital naval ships
    • reduced to 100,000 men; the arm was not allowed tanks
    • west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone. The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years.
  • Financial
    • The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy. Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss.
    • Germany had to pay $33 bullion to Allies (BB/France)
    • Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate
  • General
    • Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231- the infamous "War Guild Clause"
    • A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace
• 1920's/1930's Peace Attempts
  • League of Nations
    • world wide peace keeping organization 
    • countries came together and diplomatically worked things out
    • weaknesses:
      • US never joined because congress felt like it would take their power away, and would bring us into wars
      • we stayed in normalcy (isolationism)
      • it required unanimous approval to get things done 
      • it didn't have a military force 
  • Washington Naval Conference 
    • 4 Power Pact
      • treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan at the Washington Naval Conference in 1921
      • countries agreed to respect each others possessions in the Pacific and not seek further territory
    • 5 Power Pact
      • Signed by Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy
      • Designed to prevent an arm's race
      • It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
      • Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers, or submarines 
    • 9 Power Pact
      • Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
      • singed by the United States, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal 
    • Kellogg- Briand Pact
      • countries that signed agreed to not go to war to settle disputes
      • Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, the Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, and the United states originally signed
      • 65 countries eventually signed 
  • London Naval Conference - 1931 (Add to 5 Power Pact)
    • Concerned with the agreements reached in Washington Naval
    • the UK the USA, France, Ital, and Japan attended
    • The major change was in battleship tonnage, altering the ration between Britain, the US and Japan from 5:5:3 to 10:10:7
    • All five agreed to a five-year halt on capital ship construction, tighter controls on submarine warfare, and the continuation of limits on aircraft carriers
  • The impact of the Great Depression
    • helped dictators come to power because they promised better times
    • Japanese Aggression
    • Italian Aggression
    • Hitler/German Aggression 

Monday: 

• No school

Tuesday:

• We went over forum post leaders stories, and started going through FDR's New Deal Programs
• Link to 1930's Topics

Wednesday:

• We continued going through FDR's New Deal Programs

Thursday:

• We continued going through FDR's New Deal Programs

Friday: 

• (Gone) We started the 1930's group test

--------------------------------------------------------------------

FDR"S New Deal Programs

• Relief, Reform, Recovery
  • Relief for the needy
  • Economic recovery
  • Financial reform

• How did the New Deal Help...
  • unemployed people
    • Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC - 1932)
      • Hoover
    • Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
      • Enacted in 1933
      • FERA distributed more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed
      • The in turn would help the unemployed for find new jobs
      • FERA had three primary objectives:
        • 1) direct relief measures
        • 2) provide work for employable people
        • 3) provide many different types of relief programs 
    • Public Works Administration (PWA)
      • Established in 1933
      • Created as many jobs as quick as possible
        • construction project jobs
          • airports, dams, air crafts, schools, bridges
    • Civil Works Administration (CWA)
      • created jobs for people in construction
        • this was designed to pay people more
          • too much money was spent because it was too costly and it only lasted a year
    • Works Progress Administration
      • priming the pump
      • giving relief to the needy 
      • construction projects
      • largest and most comprehensive New Deal Agency
      • "make work"
      • built:
        • bridges, roads, buildings, air port runways
      • different from others
        • not only provided projects, but it helped artists, musics, and actors get jobs 
      • Camp David, Goldengate Bridge 
    • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 
      • created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region around the Tennessee River Valley
      • still around today and America's largest public power company
      • criticized the TVA for only helping a specific region not the whole country
  • young people
    • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
      • Passed in 1933 during the "One Hundred Days"
      • The CCC was limited to young men age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief
      • CCC memebers worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month, with the requirement that $25 of that be sent home to family
      • Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline 
      • The U.S. Army operated the camps
      • Workers:
        • planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion
        • helped construct military bases during WWII
        • funding stopped in 1942
        • their slogan was "We can take it!"
    • National Youth Administration (NYA)
      • Established in 1935 and was a part of the WPA
      • Pushed heavily by Eleanor Roosevelt (ER)
      • Served 327,000 high school and college youth, who were paid $6 to $40 a month for "work study" projects at their schools
      • It allowed thousands of young people to stay in school 
      • Another 155,000 boys and girls from relief families were paid $10 to $25 a month for part-time work that included job training
      • Unlike the CCC, it included young women
      • The youth normally lived at home, and worked on construction or repair projects
  • banks
    • Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA)
      • five days after taking office it was passed
      • passed in response to the thousands of banks that closed down
      • passed five days after FDR announced the Bank Holiday in his Fireside Chat, which closed banks down temporarily 
      • would close down the bank, reorganize it, and then reopen the bank when it was stable
      • when banks reopened on March 13, 193 many people put their money back
      • after weeks, over half the money people withdrew was put back
    • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
      • created by Glass-Steagall Act in 1933
      • insured people's money in banks up to $1000 (today up to $250,000)
      • passed in response to bank failures after stock market crash
      • insure money in saving and checking accounts, money market accounts and CD's
  • stock market
    • Federal Securities Act
      • passed in 1933
      • made the stock market a safer place for peoples money and for people to invest
      • two goals:
        • 1) "required that investors receive significant information regarding securities being offered for public sale"
        • 2) "prohibited deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities to the public"
    • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
      • established in 1934 and still around today
      • regulates the stock market
        • made the market more secure and safer for people's money
  • factory workers
    • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
      • established "codes of fair competition" aimed at supporting prices and wages and stimulating economic recovery from the Great Depression
      • codes of fair competition
        • treating workers and consumers fairly 
      • government trying to encourage companies to put the Blue Eagle emblem in their windows to support the government
      • created jobs for people 
        • building schools
      • under a specific sections
        • granted workers the right to unionize
    • National Labor Relations Act/Board (NLRA(B))
      • established in 1935
      • conducts elections for unions
      • stresses collective bargaining
        • going in as a group to try and get what is wanted granted
      • investigates and fixes unfair labor practices
      • governed by a five-person board whose members are appointed by the President
    • Fair Labor Standards Acts (FLSA)
      • established a national minimum wage 40 cents/hr
      • established the 40 hr work week
      • guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs
      • prohibited most child labor
      • still exists today
  • farmers 
    • Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)
      • established in 1933
      • restricted production by paying farmers to reduce the amount of crops planted
      • purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up
      • farmers were paid by the federal government for leaving some of their land untilled 
      • oversaw a large-scale destruction of existing crops and livestock in an attempt to reduce surpluses
      • six million pugs and 220,000 sows were slaughtered in effort to raise prices
      • cotton farmers flowed under a quarter of their crop
      • the nature of the Great Depression many citizens saw AAA as cruel
      • while people in cities were starving, the federal government was destroying crops and livestock in the country 
      • farm prices more than doubled (1933-35)
    • Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
      • about reducing production but also teaching farmers how to conserve soil and prevent erosion (use land without damaging it)
      • three years after the act was adopted soil erosion dropped more than 65%
    • Rural Electrification Administration (REA) 
      • brought electricity to the countryside
      • provided farms with inexpensive electric lighting and power and eventually telephone services
      • brought all the electrical appliances 
      • by 1939 rural households with electricity had risen to 25%
      • was abolished in 1994 and functions were assumed by Rural Utilities 
  • homeowners
    • Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC)
      • People couldn't afford their homes
      • When you are buying a house, banks would require a 50% down payment
      • Had to have the house paid off in 5-7 years
      • Extend loans from shorter, expensive payments of the 15 years to the lower payments of the 30 year loans
    • Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
      • Insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying
      • Improve housing standards and conditions and to provide an adequate home financing system
    • United States Housing Authority (USHA)
      • Lend money to the states or communities for low-cost home construction
      • Homes were designed for low-income and homeless people
  • elderly 
  • • Social Security Administration (SSA)
      • Provides retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits
      • To qualify for these benefits, most American workers pay SS taxes on their earnings
      • Future benefits are based on employees' contributions
      • Everyone is given a Social Security number
  • consumers
    • NIRA- Blue Eagle's Codes
    • Feed, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
      • Gave Food and Drug Administration power to regulate these industries
      • Mandated a review of the safety of all new drugs before going to market
      • Banned false therapeutic claims in drug labeling
      • Authorized factory inspections and expanded enforcement powers by the FDA
      • Set new regulatory standards for food and cosmetics
  • Native Americans
    • Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)
      • Abolished the Dawes Act and allowed Native American to govern themselves on a tribal basis
      • Allowed Native Americans to manage and keep their own land
      • Included provisions to help create job opportunities on Indian Reservations

Monday:

• We went over forum post leaders stories, and watched the rest of the videos.
• Link to 1920's notes
• Link to 1920's/1930's Topic Page

Tuesday:

• No school

Wednesday:

• No school

Thursday:

• We went over the topics we watched the videos over on Monday.

Friday:

1930's Topics

1.-Causes of the Great Depression

• overproduction of goods
  • companies were pumping out a lot of goods and not selling it 
• under-consumption of goods by consumers 
  • people quit buying because they had what they needed and needed to save
• agricultural slump in 1920's due to overproduction
  • farmers depression started post WWI - had a great impact on the Great Depression 
• high protective tariff policies of the 1920's
  • high tariff may benefit businesses to force Americans to buy product, keep foreign competition out. People weren't buying, and the high tariff caused selling to other countries to be hard. (World Trade was cut considerably)
• taxes benefiting the rich-rich got richer, poor got poorer
  • trickle-down theory. Taxes hit the middle class very hard. 
• stock market crash
  • sped up the depression. Everyone was loosing money. 
• banks closing 
  • cause and effect of the depression. almost a year after that the banking problem started taking place.

• * The Vicious Cycle of the Great Depression 
  • companies lose $$ so they lay people off
  • unemployment rate goes up and less people buy goods as income has dropped
  • companies profits fall so they have to lay more people off or close 
  • cycle repeats itself

2.-Impact the Great Depression had on people and our country

• Hoovervilles
  • Shacks built for people who couldn't afford to live in homes (plywood/tin/whatever could be found)
  • named because they believed Hoover caused it 
• Breadlines
  • people didn't have money so they would stand in line waiting for bread
  • men usually went and got it, women usually avoided it because of embarrassment 
• Soup Kitchens
  • mostly men 
  • "free soup, coffee, and doughnuts for the unemployed"
    • Hoover didn't believe in this (it wasn't the federal governments job to do)
• Hobos Hopping Freight Trains
  • more common for men 
  • people would hop on and go to other towns looking for jobs so they didn't feel like a burden to their parents 
• Selling Apples
  • people would go and buy from the bigger apple sellers and then go find an area and sell them for more
• Dust Bowl
  • farmers were stressed, plowed up crop land and the area became extremely dry 
    • Colorado, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma were the majorly affected areas
    • Great Plains were referred to as desert like
  • Dorthy Elaine
    • photographed and showed how farmers didn't have it easy like everyone said
• Okies
  • people from Oklahoma that left the dust bowl states because they lost everything
  • went to California to try and find jobs
    • grape vineyards were a popular job 

3.-President Hoover’s attempt(or lack thereof) to help solve Great Depression

• Republican 
  • rugged individualism 
  • 1920's philosophies hurt him 
• He was viewed as uncaring and as a President who did very little to help with the Great Depression 
  • This was not actually true  
• 1928 Campaign Promise
  • "A chicken in every pot an a car in every garage."
• Encouraged people to be patient, stay positive and volunteer to help each other other 
• Federal Farm Board
  • stabilized prices and to promote the sale of agricultural products
• Norris- La Guardia Act
  • strengthened labor unions 
• Hoover Moratorium
  • one year halt on German war payments to France 
  • one year halt on war payments from Great Britain and France to the US
• Mexican Repatriation 
  • Mexican immigrants were encouraged/forced to go back to Mexico
• Revenue Act of 1932
  • increased taxes so US government had $$
• Hawley- Smoot Tariff
  • raised tariffs to record levels 
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) 1932
  • gave loans to banks, state and local governments, and business' to create projects/ jobs for people
  • gave states loans for emergency relief needs
  • started under Hoover
  • not as successful as Hoover had hoped 
  • FDR continued this through the rest of the thirties and into forties (ended right after WWII in 1946)
• Boulder (Hoover) Dam
  • Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam) is located near Las Vegas
  • The Hoover Dam project including the damn, the All-American Canal, the town of Boulder City, highways, railroads, and various other works, cost $165 million to build
  • Lots of dams were built for jobs, energy that the government could sell 
    • self-liquidating project
      • project that pays for itself (money for the government in this case)

4.-1932/1936 Presidential elections

•  1932
  • FDR vs Hoover
  • FDR wiped the floor with a promise of a new deal 
• 1936
  • FDR vs Alf Landon 
  • FDR again wiped the floor and won 

*FDR contracted Polio and was bound to a wheelchair 

5.-Bonus Army

• Bonus Expeditionary Force 
  • Soldiers were promised to receive pension checks
    • they went on a march to try and get the checks early
    • they didn't get it
    • protests occurred and tear gas was used 
  • 3 Most Famous world war Generals
    • MacArthur
    • Eisenhower
    • Patton

6.-Entertainment, sports, music, radio, movies and fads

• Movies were huge
  • golden age of Hollywood
• Jazz and swing music
• Sports
• Radio
• Olympics 1936
  • Jesse Owens 

7.-Franklin Roosevelt’s background and accomplishments-Focus on New Deal

• He had a great resume to be president 
• He ran for vice president in 1920 - James Cox was the presidential candidate 
• Got Polio in the early 20's and it crippled him 
  • only handicapped president we've ever had

8.-The Three R’s

• Relief for the needy
• Economic recovery
• Financial reform

9.-The difference between the First New Deal and Second New Deal

• 1st New Deal
  • restore the nation's hope
  • help banks and stock market
  • provide jobs and relief for poor
  • plan and regulate the economy
• 2nd New Deal
  • pass new labor laws
  • create and expand New Deal agencies
  • Establish Social Security for the older people and unemployed

10.-Fireside chats

• radio messages given by Roosevelt to the people 

11.-The Hundred Days

• Roosevelt's first 100 days of his presidency when he tried to get as much done as he could

12.-Deficit spending and “priming the pump”

• our government spends more money than it takes in almost every year
• Priming the Pump
  • leads to deficit spending
  • dozens of new deal programs set up by Roosevelt
  • goal is to get the economy jump started 

13.-FDR vs the US Supreme Court-Court Packing issue

• Roosevelt was unhappy with nine older gentlemen (NAA, NIRA) for being unconstitutional (6 were over 70). They were striking down new deal programs.
• Court-Packing Deal
  • Roosevelt gets to add a justice for every man that was over 70
  • Many people thought Roosevelt was wanting too much power for himself rather than others

14.-Critics and failings of the New Deal-Long, Caughlin, Townshend

• Reasons the New Deal was challenged
  • Republican Point of View
    • 1.) Created a very powerful president that led Congress, this was a violation of checks and balances
    • 2.) It was a radical departure from Laissez Faire ideals. Crated "Big Government"
    • 3.) Some acts appeared interfering and at worst unconstitutional
    • 4.) Heavy debt burden - the United States was engaged in deficit spending and this was unhealthy for the economy in the long run 
  • Senator Huey Long
    • The King Fish
    • He was shot by Carl Weiss in 1935
    • "Share-Our-Wealth" = slogan

Monday:

• We took the quiz on isidewith.com and voted for a presidential candidate. 
• Link to 1920's notes

Tuesday:

• We took the test over the 1920's topics

Wednesday:

• We went over our tests, and started 1930 videos. We also discussed semester test questions and the document that goes with them.
• Link to 1920's/1930's Topic Page

Thursday:

• We got our test groups, into a seating chart, and went through the first and second 30's topics. 

Friday: 

• We went over the presidential straw poll results, talked about the Iowa caucus and EC that we can get for going, 

1930's Topics

1.-Causes of the Great Depression

• overproduction of goods
  • companies were pumping out a lot of goods and not selling it 
• under-consumption of goods by consumers 
  • people quit buying because they had what they needed and needed to save
• agricultural slump in 1920's due to overproduction
  • farmers depression started post WWI - had a great impact on the Great Depression 
• high protective tariff policies of the 1920's
  • high tariff may benefit businesses to force Americans to buy product, keep foreign competition out. People weren't buying, and the high tariff caused selling to other countries to be hard. (World Trade was cut considerably)
• taxes benefiting the rich-rich got richer, poor got poorer
  • trickle-down theory. Taxes hit the middle class very hard. 
• stock market crash
  • sped up the depression. Everyone was loosing money. 
• banks closing 
  • cause and effect of the depression. almost a year after that the banking problem started taking place.

• * The Vicious Cycle of the Great Depression 
  • companies lose $$ so they lay people off
  • unemployment rate goes up and less people buy goods as income has dropped
  • companies profits fall so they have to lay more people off or close 
  • cycle repeats itself

2.-Impact the Great Depression had on people and our country

• Hoovervilles
  • Shacks built for people who couldn't afford to live in homes (plywood/tin/whatever could be found)
  • named because they believed Hoover caused it 
• Breadlines
  • people didn't have money so they would stand in line waiting for bread
  • men usually went and got it, women usually avoided it because of embarrassment 
• Soup Kitchens
  • mostly men 
  • "free soup, coffee, and doughnuts for the unemployed"
    • Hoover didn't believe in this (it wasn't the federal governments job to do)
• Hobos Hopping Freight Trains
  • more common for men 
  • people would hop on and go to other towns looking for jobs so they didn't feel like a burden to their parents 
• Selling Apples
  • people would go and buy from the bigger apple sellers and then go find an area and sell them for more
• Dust Bowl
  • farmers were stressed, plowed up crop land and the area became extremely dry 
    • Colorado, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma were the majorly affected areas
    • Great Plains were referred to as desert like
  • Dorthy Elaine
    • photographed and showed how farmers didn't have it easy like everyone said
• Okies
  • people from Oklahoma that left the dust bowl states because they lost everything
  • went to California to try and find jobs
    • grape vineyards were a popular job 

3.-President Hoover’s attempt(or lack thereof) to help solve Great Depression

• Republican 
  • rugged individualism 
  • 1920's philosophies hurt him 
• He was viewed as uncaring and as a President who did very little to help with the Great Depression 
  • This was not actually true  
• 1928 Campaign Promise
  • "A chicken in every pot an a car in every garage."
• Encouraged people to be patient, stay positive and volunteer to help each other other 
• Federal Farm Board
  • stabilized prices and to promote the sale of agricultural products
• Norris- La Guardia Act
  • strengthened labor unions 
• Hoover Moratorium
  • one year halt on German war payments to France 
  • one year halt on war payments from Great Britain and France to the US
• Mexican Repatriation 
  • Mexican immigrants were encouraged/forced to go back to Mexico
• Revenue Act of 1932
  • increased taxes so US government had $$
• Hawley- Smoot Tariff
  • raised tariffs to record levels 
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) 1932
  • gave loans to banks, state and local governments, and business' to create projects/ jobs for people
  • gave states loans for emergency relief needs
  • started under Hoover
  • not as successful as Hoover had hoped 
  • FDR continued this through the rest of the thirties and into forties (ended right after WWII in 1946)
• Boulder (Hoover) Dam
  • Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam) is located near Las Vegas
  • The Hoover Dam project including the damn, the All-American Canal, the town of Boulder City, highways, railroads, and various other works, cost $165 million to build
  • Lots of dams were built for jobs, energy that the government could sell 
    • self-liquidating project
      • project that pays for itself (money for the government in this case)

4.-1932/1936 Presidential elections

5.-Bonus Army

6.-Entertainment, sports, music, radio, movies and fads

7.-Franklin Roosevelt’s background and accomplishments-Focus on New Deal

8.-The Three R’s

9.-The difference between the First New Deal and Second New Deal

10.-Fireside chats

11.-The Hundred Days

12.-Deficit spending and “priming the pump”

13.-FDR vs the US Supreme Court-Court Packing issue

14.-Critics and failings of the New Deal-Long, Caughlin, Townshend

Monday:

• • 1920’s Topics
    • 1.-Prohibition and gangsters
      • 18th Amendment (1920-1933)
        • "The Noble Experiment"
        • the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages was illegal
        • supporters believed alcohol brought about corruption, crime, wife and child abuse and accidents
        • supporters came mostly from rural South and West (areas with a lot of Protestants)
        • Anti-Saloon League and Women's Christian Temperance Union led the attack on alcohol
        • alcohol was allowed for medicinal and religious purposes
        • prescriptions and sacramental wine orders skyrocketed
        • at first saloons closed and drunkenness went down 
        • The Volstead Act created the Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law
        • Prohibition failed for three reasons: 
          • People despised it. Saw it as government meddling in people's lives
          • The Prohibition Bureau was underfunded. Had 1,500 people to supervise the country 
          • organized crime became commonplace
        • Bootleggers
          • illegally making or distributing alcohol
          • people that made or transported alcohol 
          • named because people carried liquor in the legs of boots
          • most imported alcohol came in from Canada, Cuba, or the West Indies
        • Hijacking
          • biggest threat to the bootlegger was 
        • Moonshine
          • alcohol made secretly in home made stills
          • several hundred people a year died from drinking moonshine 
          • in 1929 it is estimated that 700 million gallons of beer were produced in American homes
        • speakeasies
          • to obtain alcohol illegally, people went underground to secret bars 
          • people spoke easily or quietly about it 
          • could be anywhere
          • to be admitted a card or password had to be given
        • organized crime
          • every major city had its gang
          • Al Capone's bootlegging business in Chicago made over $60 million a year
            • "Scarface"
            • St. Valentines Day Massacre
              • people dressed as police officers 
            • taken down by Tax Evasion 
          • Due to gang violence, only 19% of Americans supported Prohibition by 1925
          • Prohibition was repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment 

Tuesday:

• We watched videos, and went over the information 

Wednesday:

• We watched videos, and went over the information 

Thursday:

• We watched videos, and went over the information 

Friday:

• We watched videos, and went over the information 

Monday-

• Work day on our 1920's/1930's projects

Tuesday-

• Work day on our 1920's/1930's projects

Wednesday-

• We discussed how our tests over the 20's and 30's will be.
• We started the 20's videos
  • 1920’s Topics
    • 1.-Prohibition and gangsters

Thursday-

• We continued our 20's video's and discussions. 
• Information listed above

Friday-

• We continued our 20's video's and discussions. 
• Information listed above