Week of March 29- April 1

[1Clara]

Monday:

• No school 

Tuesday:

• We went over forum post leaders stories, and watched Italy movie with some discussion at the end 

Wednesday:

• We talked about and went over the Italy PowerPoint 

Thursday:

• We went over the Japan presentation and discussed the notes

Friday: 

• We got new forum post leaders, and continued talking about Japan.

Italy

• Established Fascism
  • a government led by a strong dictator
  • stresses strong nationalism, militarism and imperialism
  • uses intimidation to get what they want 
• Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
  • Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
• Italy Ethiopia Invasion 
  • May 5 Italy occupied Addis Ababa - annexed all Ethiopia on May 9
• Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War 1936
  • Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
  • This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops
• Rome - Berlin Axis 1936
• Tripartite Pact was signed forming the Axis Powers 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan
• Italy's Goals:
  • Make  a new Roman Empire
  • Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake" (italy wants to control all of the area)
  • Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France-especially Egypt
  • Take over southeastern Europe-Greece and Albania
  • Take over parts of the Middle East
• Italy's Invasion of Greece-1940
• Italy's Defeat-1943
  • not free after surrendering because Germany had sent troops in and had control for almost two years
• Why did Italy Lose
  • Italy was not prepared to militarily fight a prolonged war
    • Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
  • Italian troops were spread to thing-Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France, Battle of Britain
  • the people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight, They were forced to fight, 
  • Overall, Italy was just a week country 
• Impact WWII had on Italy
  • 410,000 dead-330,000 Military deaths
  • Spent $94 billion
  • Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
  • US gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war
  • Became a member of NATO in 1949
  • Became a member of the United Nations in 1955

Japan

•  Areas controlled by Japan during WWII
  • Several regions in China 1938-1945
  • French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) - July 15,1940 - August 29, 1945
  • Hong Kong (UK) - December 12, 1940 - August 15, 1945
  • Thailand - an as 'allied' state although induced - December 8, 1941 - August 15, 1941
  • British New Guinea - December 27, 1941 - September 15, 1945
  • Philippines (USA) - January 2, 1942 - November 27
  • Andaman and nicobar Ilands (India)
  • Straits Settlements (Singapore)
  • Kingdom of Sarawak (UK)
• Areas Attacked but not conquered
  • Air raids on Australia
    • Broome 
    • Darwin
    • Newcastle
    • Sydney
  • British Columbia 
  • Kohima and Manipur
  • Colombo and Trincomale
  • Dornod
  • United States
    • Santa Barbara (California)
    • Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
    • Midway Atoll
    • For Stevens (Oregon)
• Japan in the 1920's
  • Joined League of Nations
• Japanese Invasion of Manchuria - 1931
  • lacking world trade and needed resources 
  • The League of Nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had no military force
  • The message sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because Great Britain and France did ntot want war
  • Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after the invasion 
• China Incident - July 1937
• Rape of Nanking - Late 1937 - Early 1938
  • mass killing of Chinese people (300,000)
  • mass raping of Chinese women and girls 
  • mass looting and arson
  • some in Japan ave denied that the military killed civilians for no reason 
  • still causes tension between the two countries today 
  • there were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation 
• Tripartite Pact is signed forming Axis Powers - 1940
• Soviet- Japanese Neutrality Pact
  • The USSR and Japan signed an agreement to not fight one another in April, 1941
  • Japan considered breaking this once Germany (their ally) invaded the USSR in June, 1941, but did not
  • The USSR broke this treaty when they declared war on Japan August 9,1945
• Admiral Yamamoto
  • came up with the Pearl Harbor attack
  • educated in the United States
• Pearl Harbor
  • after invading French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
  • Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact in April, 1941, guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
  • Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war
  • Only way to force US' hand was to hit them and in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
• December 8, 1941
  • last day US declared war
• December 7, 1941- Philippines
• Battle of Coral Sea- First turning point in the Pacific 
• Battle of Midway - June 1942 - Major turning point in the pacific
• Guadalcanal- August, 1942- February, 1943
  • island hopping 
• Kamikazes
  • desperation
•