Monday: Took Notes over Ancient Greece
Tuesday: Took Notes over Ancient Greece
Wednesday: Took notes over Ancient Greece
Thursday: Greek mythology work day
Friday: Greek mythology work day
Notes:
- Ancient Greece
- Geography of Greece
- Greece is a small country in Europe
- The main part of Greece is on a peninsula
- Greece is surrounded three large bodies of water
- Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea
- The rest of Greece is made up of islands
- 6000(227 being inhabited)
- Importance of Geography to Greece
- The sea was extremely important to the Greeks
- Did not live "on the land" but "around the sea"
- Most Greeks lived within 85 miles of the sea
- use the seas as a means of transportation
- The sea linked all parts of Greece to other areas for trade with was essential due to lack of resources
- Mountains covered around 3/4's of ancient Greece
- Mount Olympus home to the 12 God's
- Due to mountains, transportation over land was difficult
- Greeks did not have much fertile land for agriculture
- Due to these issues, ancient Greece never had a large population- no more than a few million
- These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand
- The sea was extremely important to the Greeks
- Greek City-States
- Due to Greece's geography, city-states developed instead of unified country
- Ancient Olympics
- Records of Olympic date to 776 BC and lasted until 393 AD when the Romans ended them
- Lasted one day at first but eventually extended to five days
- Happened every four years-an Olympiad
- Started as a tribute to Zeus and has a mythological origin
- The modern Olympic Games started up again in 1896
- The big competition at the Games was the Pentathlon
- Long jump
- Javelin
- Discus
- Stadium- 200 yards
- Wrestling
- Climate
- Lowest 50 degrees
- Highest 84 degrees on average
- Minoan Civilization
- 2000-1500 BC
- Heavily influenced by the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations
- Named after legendary Crete King Minos of Greek Mythology
- Known for its trade on the seas
- Due to its isolation on the island of Crete, generally peaceful
- Known for it's advanced cities-Knossus
- Not over-crowded, plumbing, toilets, sewers
- Known for women having much higher status than in earlier civilizations
- Known for their art and pottery
- Downfall
- Around 1500 BC, the Minoan civilization ended abruptly
- Historians think it could have been an earthquake which leveled cities and their ships
- They could have been over ran by the Mycenaean
- Some historians think Minoa could have been Atlantis
- Plato
- Greek philosopher
- Only known source discussing location of Atlantis
- Mycenaeans
- Controlled the area around Greece from 1600 BC-1100 BC
- Heavily influenced by the Minoans
- Much more war-like than Minoans (based on art)
- Known for their trade around the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea
- Known for their piracy on the seas surrounding Greece
- Known for their city-states- Athens, Mycenae, Pylos, Tiryns
- Historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united
- Mycenaean's did unite to fight the Trojan War against Troy
- The Mycenaean's fell apart due to wars and the Sea People's sacking their city-states
- Eventually the Dorians came down from the north and took over Greece
- Dorians- 1150-750 BC
- Came from the area north of Greece
- Less advanced than the Mycenaean's
- Trade and culture slowed
- Greece went into a Dark Age
- Homer
- Was a Greek epic poet from 650-700 BC
- Narrative poems celebrated heroic deeds
- The Iliad was about the Trojan was
- The Odyssey was a sequel that was after the Trojan War
- Trojan War
- Fought between Mycenaean Greeks and Troy
- Key Terms
- Polis
- City- Minneapolis, Indianapolis
- Acropolis
- A settlement in a city on higher ground used for defense and a place to discuss politics
- Monarchy
- government ruled by one person-king, queen
- Aristocracy
- government ruled by a small group of wealthy, landowning families
- Oligarchy
- a government ruled by a few powerful people
- Tyrants
- Powerful individuals who seize control from the government
- Could be good or bad
- Democracy
- Rule by the people
- Athens had perhaps the world's first democracy
- Only allowed citizens to participate
- Women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens
- Polis
- Education in Athens
- Only for the sons of wealthy families
- Started at age 7 and focused on developing good citizens
- Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic, and public speaking
- Public debate and athletics were also stressed
- Once older, students went to military school
- Girls were educated by their mothers in the home to do cleaning, cooking, child-rearing, etc.
- Greek City-State Sparta
- Sparta was very powerful and had its own army
- Defeated the Messenians in 725 BC and in 650 BC
- Unlike Athens and other city-states, it did not have democracy
- Built a military state
- Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power
- Valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, beauty and learning
- Social Classes
- Only men in Sparta were citizens
- Women were not allowed to become citizens
- The third class were helots/slaves
- Worked the fields or were servants
- Warriors
- Learning to read and write in Sparta were not very important
- Training to become good soldiers was stressed
- Young boys left home at 7 and trained to be soldiers until they were 30
- Athletics was also stressed
- Spartan Women
- Service to Sparta was stressed
- Received some military training
- Athletics was stressed
- Had quite a bit of freedom in comparison to Athens
- Could run family estates when husband was off at war
- Sparta was very powerful and had its own army
- Geography of Greece
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