Monday: NO SCHOOL
Tuesday: Talked about forum posts and voted for the elections. Continued taking notes on Religion
Wednesday: Continued to take notes over the 5 Religions
Thursday: Finished Taking notes over the 5 Religions
Friday: Took the 5 Religions Essay Test
Notes:
- Buddhism
- Siddhartha Gautama(Buddha) was the founder of Buddhism in 560 BC
- Buddha means "the awakened one"
- He grew up in a wealthy family but decided to follow a path of self-denial
- He did not find truth until he sat down under a tree, now known as the Bo tree
- There he was "enlightened" and obtained the knowledge he had been looking for
- He discovered four noble truths and the Eightfold Path to Nirvana, or ultimate bliss
- Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
- 1) Existence is suffering
- 2) The cause of suffering is craving and attachment
- 3) Suffering ceases at some point and turns to Nirvana
- 4) There is a path to Nirvana which is made up of 8 steps called the Eightfold Path
- Eightfold Path
- Right View
- Right Intentions
- Right Speech
- Right Action
- Right Livelihood
- Right Effort
- Right Concentration
- Right Mindfulness
- Buddhists believe in reincarnation
- One must stop the cycle of rebirth as a suffering self individual,, and must attain Nirvana
- About 1% of Americans are Buddhists
- Buddhism Information
- Worship Practices
- Meditation- deep thought and reflection
- Importance of the Lotus Flower
- Believer can blossom while rooted in the impurity of the world
- Worship Practices
- Major Buddhist Sects
- Theravada
- As close as possible to Buddha's teachings
- Mahayana
- More accepting of the changing world
- Theravada
- The Dalai Lama- The present spiritual leader of Buddhism
- 14th Dalai Lama
- Has been the DL since 1950
- Has been in exile in India since 1959
- Islam
- The Islamic crescent and star is the international symbol for Islam
- Located Indonesia, middle east north Africa
- Islam means "submission" (to Allah) in Arabic
- "Allah" is and Arabic word which means "the One True God"
- Muslims believe that the Quran is God's word as revealed to the prophet Muhammad (570-632 A.D.) through the angle Gabriel
- Muslims do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah, although they do believe he was a prophet
- Islam is very family-oriented
- The primary mean of transmitting the religion are through the family
- Muslims are people that practice Islam
- Just under 1% Americans are Islamic
- The world "Muslim" means one who submits to the will
- Thee are two main sects of Islam: Sunni and Shiite
- One of their main differences is in their beliefs about who were the leaders following the death of Prophet Muhammad
- Sunni, from the Arabic word for "tradition," accepted the succession of Muhammad's elected successors
- The majority of Muslims in the world today are Sunnis
- Shiite, from the Arabic word for "faction," believe that leaders must be descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and her husband Ali.
- They rule Iran and also have a sizable presence in Iraq and Syria
- 5 Pillars of Islam
- 1) Shahada(witness) is the Muslim profession of faith
- "I witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah"
- Muslims say this when they wake up in the morning and just before they go ta sleep at night
- 2) Salat(daily prayer) is a prayer ritual performed 5 times a day by all Muslims over the age of 10
- Face the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- 3) Sawm(fasting) is abstaining each day during Ramadan
- Ramadan is the holiest day for Islam. It marks when Muhammad had the Quran revealed to him
- Sawm helps Muslims develop self-control, gain a better understanding of God's gifts and greater compassion towards the deprived.
- Not only is food forbidden between dawn and sunset, but also things like smoking, chewing gum, negative thoughts, and sexual activity
- 4) Zakat(almsgiving) is giving money to the poor
- This is a compulsory gift of 2.5% of on'es saving each year
- Giving in this way is intended to free Muslims from the love of money
- It reminds them that everything they have really belongs to God
- 5) Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca that all physically/financially able Muslims should make at least once in their life
- Mecca is the most holy place for Muslims
- Takes place during days 8-13 of the 12th month of the Islamic Lunar calendar
- The circle the Kaaba seven times, say prayers, drink from a holy spring, walk to Mount Arafat to pray, feast, cast stones at three pillars(to fight Satan's temptations), shave hair, and run between some hills
- 1) Shahada(witness) is the Muslim profession of faith
- Islamic law
- Sharia Law outlines laws for Muslims and is based from the Quran
- Many African and Middle Eastern countries law are based on Sharia Law
- 5 Major Crimes:
- Theft, highway robbery, intoxication, adultery, and falsely accusing another of adultery
- The "belief" component of Shariah commands Muslims to believe in God, the angels, prophets, etc.
- In terms of "character", Shariah commands Muslims to strive for traits like humility and kindness, and to avoid traits such as lying and pride
- "Actions" include those relating to GOd, such as prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage, as well as actions relating to other humans, such as marriage, crime, and business
- Food Laws
- Very similar laws to the Jewish kosher foods
- No alcohol, pork, blood no pork fats....
- Issues Facing Islam Today
- Radical Islamic Terrorists
- ISIS
- Al-Qaeda
- Racial profiling in U.S.
- Women's rights
- Radical Islamic Terrorists
- Why do Women Wear Burkas?
- The Koran calls men and women to 'cover and be modest'
- The Koran does not explicitly say you have to cover yourself in burkas(etc.)
- Dress is open to interpretation and has been shaped by centuries of cultures in different nations
- Some scholars argue that it is a religious obligation, particularly the more conservative within the Muslim world
- There are many variations and interpretations of dress as seen in slide 115
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