Monday: Continued Decade presentations
Tuesday: Decades Presentations
Wednesday: Decades Presentations
Thursday: Decades Presentations started Vietnam Notes
Friday: Vietnam Notes
Notes- 1950's
- Presidents/Campaigns
- Dwight D. Eisenhower- 1953-1961
- 5 Star War General
- No one really knew what party he was apart of until he ran for president
- Known as "Ike"
- Created the interstate system
- Was able to instill peace during war
- Platform
- Originally, the REpublican party tried to nominate Taft but they realized that he had isolationist interests and wanted out of NATO, so they called in Eisenhower who they knew was extremely popular and would be victorious
- Campaign was structured to criticize Korea, communism,
- Accomplishments
- Booming economy
- Balanced budget
- Aerospace programs
- Moderate domestic policy
- Gains in civil rights
- Gains in education
- Dwight D. Eisenhower- 1953-1961
- Civil Rights Movements
- 1950- "Separate but Equal"
- Herman Sweatt vs. Theophilus paint
- Refused admission
- School of Law of University of Texas
- 6 months Was admitted into University
- 1954- Brown vs. Board of Education
- Challenged "Separate but equal"
- Racial segregation in public schools
- 1955- Rosa Parks
- Refused to give up seat
- 381 day boycott
- 1956 supreme court- banning segregation on public transportation.
- 1955- Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Rosa Parks
- 1956- Supreme Court upholds an Alabama district court ruling in favor of the Montgomery bus boycotters
- Banned segregation on public transportation
- Civil Rights Act of 1957
- Creates the Civil Rights Commission
- Authorizes the Justice Department to investigate cases
- African-Americans being denied voting rights in the south
- 1950- "Separate but Equal"
Vietnam War Notes:
- The French Connection
- France gained control of Indochina in a series of colonial ars
- During WWII, Vichy France collaborated with occupying Imperial Japanese forces
- Vietnam was under Japanese control during WWII, Vichy French continued to serve as official administrators
- Japanese surrendered, French fought for control of former colony
- Ho Chi Minh
- Dressed poorly
- Very wealthy
- Asked to be independent from France
- Left in disgust to Russia
- Geneva Conference- 1954
- Vietnam was partitioned temporarily into a Northern and SOuth zone of Vietnam in the 17th parallel
- The North was to be ruled by Ho Chi Minh while so Emperor Bao
- Set up elections to unify the country by July, 1956
- Such elections were never held because neither side wanted to lose.
- Who fought?
- The United States Armed Forces
- The Arm of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN- the South Vietnamese Army)
- The NFL, a group of SOuth Vietnamese guerilla fighters (Vietcong)
- The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN- the Northern Vietnamese Army, pronounces Pahvin)
- Escalation 1957-1975
- Under escalating, U.S. involvement increased over a period of years. Started with the deployment of non-combatant military advisors to the South Vietnamese army.
- Then started using special forces (Green Berets) for commando-style operations.
- Use of regular troops whose purpose was to be defensive only.
- Use of regular troops in offensive combat.
- Once U.S. troops were in active combat, escalation shifted to the adding of more U.S. troops
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- Several U.S. ships were supposedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Gulf of Tonkin.
- August 7, 1964 Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin, this gave President Johnson the power to wage war
- President Johnson and General William Westmoreland kept saying that with more troops we will win the war.
- Most Americans tend to believe this at first
- The American public's faith was shattered, on Jan. 30, 1968, when the enemy supposedly on the verge of collapse, mounted the Tet Offensive in which nearly every major city in South Vietnam was attacked
- Named after the lunar new year festival which is the most important Vietnamese holiday in South Vietnam
- Although we crushed the enemy militarily, the surprising huge offensive attack from an enemy that was supposedly almost defeated convinced many Americans that victory was impossible.
- There was an increasing belief among people that the government was misleading the American people about a war
- When General Westmoreland called for more troops to be sent to Vietnam after the Tet Offensive, more and and more people started protesting.
- The support of the government and war effort suffered even more when the New York Times published the Pentagon Papers.
- It was top-secret historical study about the war, that showed how the government was misleading the U.S. public in all stages of the war.
- Operation Rolling Thunder
- Was the codename for the non-stop bombing raids in North Vietnam conducted by the United States armed forces
- Its purpose was to destroy the will of the North Vietnamese to fight, to destroy industrial bases and air defensive and to stop the flow of men
- Anti-War
- Tet Offensive
- Pentagon Papers
- Injuring/killing innocent people (My Lai Massacre)
- Supporting a bad government in South
- The power of the press
- Napalm Attacks
- Kent St.
- Protesting in the college campus
- One of the most famous protests
- Threw rocks and killed 7 students
- My Lai Massacre March 1968
- US soldiers killed 504 Vietnamese civilians
- The dead civilians included 50 age 3 or younger, 69 between 4 and 7, and 27 in their 70's or 80's
- Women were raped and bodies mutilated
- How did people get out of serving?
- Went to Canada or Sweden
- Went to college (student deferment)
- Got married
- Medically unfit for service
- Joined the National Guard or Peace Corps
- Claimed to be homosexual
- Being rich
- Nixon and Vietnam
- Nixon Called for the "vietnamization" of the war.
- "Peace and Honor"
- Gradually pull US troops out and train the ARVN to take our place in fighting in North.
- Expanded the war into Laos and Cambodia leading to college protests (Kent St.)
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