Monday: Continued Notes on Chapters 11-13
Tuesday: Continued Notes on Chapters 11-13 and discussed the Semester test time slots
Wednesday: GONE DUE TO REGIONAL BPA
Thursday: Finished the Last Chapter of presentations
Friday:
Notes:
Feudalism:
- The Invasions of the Carolingian Empire
- 800-1000 invasions happened
- Muslim invaders from the south seized Sicily and raided Italy
- Muslims attacked Rome in 846
- Magyar's came from the east
- terrorized Germany and Italy
- Were Hungarian tribes
- Vikings
- Left from Scandinavia
- Wintry and wooded area in Northern Europe
- Also called Northmen or Norsemen
- Germanic people
- Worshiped warlike gods
- Norse mythology
- Odin-God of war and death
- Thor- God of storm-weather and the sky and thunder. Also a fertility God
- Left from Scandinavia
- Viking Raids and War Ships
- Raids were quick
- Took turns working ship's 72 oars
- Prow swept upward, often ending with the head of a monster carved in the top
- Could sail in 3 ft of water
- Used ship to row up shallow creeks and raid inland villages
- Exploration of Vikings
- Were also farmers,traders, and explorers
- Explored the heart of Russia and Constantinople
- Crossed the icy North Atlantic
- Leif Ericson, a viking explorer, reached north American about 1000-1500 years before Columbus did
- Viking women could inherit property, requested a divorce and reclaim their dowries if the marriages ended
- Vikings were never part of a unified group
- Did not recognize fellow Vikings
- Tribes were often lead to fight against each other when they were not sailing the seas
- Christianity and Vikings
- Discovered North American the Viking reign of terror in Europe faded away
- They started to gradually accept Christianity
- Stopped raiding monasteries
- Magyars
- Came after the Vikings
- Magyar were a group of nomadic people who came from the East (Now Hungary)
- Were excellent horsemen
- Swept across the Danube River and invaded west Europe in the late 800's
- Targeted villages and monasteries
- Overran Italy and reached as far the the Rhineland and Burgundy
- They did not settle on the conquered land instead they took captives
- Muslims
- Stuck from the south
- They started the conquering from their stronghold in Africa
- Invaded Italy and Spain
- Their plan was to conquer and settle in Europe in the 600's and 700's
- Muslims were expert seafarers (sailors)
- Were able to attack settlements on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts
- Effects of Invasions
- Caused widespread disorder and suffering
- Western Europeans lived in constant danger
- Kings could not effectively defend their land
- People no longer look to a central ruler for security
- Many turned to rulers who had their own army
- Any ruler who could fight against the invaders gained followers and political strength
The Power of the Church
- The Church and Roman Empire: Otto I allies with the Church
- Otto was crowned German King in 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from (962-973)
- He formed a close relationship with the church and gained more power by getting support by the bishops
- Defeated German princes following Charlemagne
- Invaded Italy in 962 and was rewarded with being crowned emperor
- Church and Roman Empire: Signs of Future Conflicts
- The Empire that Otto created was called Roman Empire of the German Nation
- The Empire later became the Holy Roman Empire
- Strongest in Europe until 1100
- Authority of Church
- Gelasius way to solve the conflicts
- God made two swords
- 1) Religious-Pope
- 2) Political- Emperor
- Pope bows to Emperor in political matters
- Emperor bow to Pope in religious matters
- Authority of the Church: Structure of the Church
- Like feudalism, the church was run their own way
- Power was based on Status
- Different Ranks of Clergy
- Pope- highest ranking-everyone fell under him
- Bishops- settles disputes over the practices and Church teachings
- Priests- main contact with church
- Religion as a Unifying Force
- Feudalism and Manor system-divided people
- The beliefs and teachings of Church- brought people together
- The Church
- Stable during a time of warfare and political confusion
- Christians felt safe
- Struggled everyday- all followed same path to everlasting life in Heaven
- Clergy administered the Sacraments
- Religious ceremonies
- A local village church
- The Church
- The Law of the Church
- Church's Authority- Religious and Political
- System of Justice- guides the way people act
- Medieval Christians (Kings/peasants) were subject to Canon Law
- The church law when it comes to certain religious practices and Marriage
- Church had two courts- accuse people of violating the law
- Excommunication
- Banished from church
- It has power over political leaders
- Interdict
- Sacraments/religious practices can
- t be performed on King's lands
- Then became
doomed to hell" - Basically forced the emperor to bow down to the Pope in this case
- Medieval Christians (Kings/peasants) were subject to Canon Law
- Emperor clashes with Pope: Showdown at Canossa
- The actual "showdown" starts wit Henry crossing the Alps to get to the town of Canossa. Pope Gregory was staying as a guest at the castle in town, and Henry wanted entry. For three entire days he decided it would be good
- Now, the Pope was supposed to grant forgiveness of sin to anyone who asked graciously in his terms. SO after those three days, Pope Gregory ended his excommunication, so Emperor Henry rushed home to punish nobles
- Concordat of "Worms" (Wurms)
- Was a compromise
- When Frederick Left
- Disorder returned
- He Kept invading the rich cities of Italy
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