Week of Aug. 29-Sept. 2

[2Jacob]

Monday:

Tuesday:

Wednesday:

Thursday:

Friday:

Notes:

• What is World History
  • History of the World
• B.C. and A.D.?
  • Before Christ and anno Domini (Latin for "in the year of our Lord")
• B.C.E. and C.E.?
  • Before Common Era and Common Era
• How old is the Earth?
  • 4.6 billion years old
• Where were the oldest human fossils found?
  • Africa-Specifically Tanzania and Ethiopia
• Who found the oldest fossils?
  • Louis and Mary Leakey, Donald Johanson, Recent Scientists (Name??)
• What are some of the biggest achievements in World History?
  • Invention of tools, mastery of fire, development of language, invention of wheels, invention of boats(the sail), art
• Louis and Mary Leakey
  • Searched for hominid remains in Tanzania from the 1930's-1970's
    • Hominid- the group consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes (modern humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans plus all their ancestors)
  • Found human-like fossils in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania (in Africa)
  • This discovery would usher many other findings over the decades
• Donald Johanson
  • Discovered a 3.2 million-year-old fossil of a female skeleton in Ethiopia named "Lucy" in 1974
  • This was the oldest known hominid remains found until 2015
• Neanderthal vs Cro-Magnon vs Modern
  • Neanderthal are not apart of the human ancestors
  • Cro-Magnon are our ancestors 
• Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
  • Prior to more organization agriculture, people were nomadic and hunted animals and gathered plants-hunter-gatherer
  • They lived in groups of about 25-70 people
  • No one knows exactly how things changed, but about 10,000 years ago, people started more organized farming
  • Along with planting crops, people also domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats, and pigs 
  • As time went on, people started setting up villages, which then, over time, turned into towns and then some into cities
  • As cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerged leading to civilization
    • Civilization- An advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached
      • A highly advanced society
    • The Five Traits of Civilization
      • Advanced cities
      • Writing/Record keeping
      • Specialized workers
      • Complex institutions (religion, government, economic structure)
      • Advanced technology
  • As cities grew, social classes emerged

Chapter 2 Notes:

• What are natural borders?
  • Bodies of water, mountains, rivers
• Why are defensible borders important for civilization to thrive?
  • Less worry of attack from different angles
• What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to an early civilization?
  • Rivers, oceans, lakes, deserts, and mountain ranges
• Arose in 4 separate river valleys around 3500 B.C.
• Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops and drinking
• Provided for abundant crops and food surpluses

Ch. 2.1 Vocab

• Fertile Crescent
• Mesopotamia
  • Greek for "land between the rivers" first good civilization
• City-state
  • a city and the surrounding territory it controls
  • functioned like an independent country
• Dynasty
  • A series of rulers from a single family-father to son
• Cultural diffusion
  • process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
• Polytheism
  • belief in many gods
• Monotheism
  • belief in only one god
• Empire
  • group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler

 Ch. 2.2 Vocab

• Delta
  • A broad, marshy area of land formed by deposits of silt where a river runs into a bigger body of water
• King Narmer
  • King of Egypt that many believe united Upper and Lower Egypt
• Pharaoh
  • The god-kings of Egypt -Seen as almost as powerful as the gods of the heavens
• Theocracy
  • Government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god
• Pyramid
  • Huge structure where the Egyptian pharaohs are placd after they die
• Mummification
  • The process of drying and embalming a corpse to prevent decay
  • Usually reserved for royalty and the rick
• Hieroglyphics
• Papyrus

Ch. 2.3 Vocab

• Indian Subcontinent
• Monsoon

 

Ch. 2.4 Vocab

• Dynastic cycle
• Mandate from Heaven
• Feudalism