Monday- The Cold War 1945-1990
US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Cold War Definition- A political Strategic and Ideological struggle between the US and The Soviet Union form 1945-1990. Spread throughout the world- Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Democracy- People have a say in government. Gives people a choice, and a say.
Communism- Government controls everything. No freedom of speech. Carl Marks is the founder. Immoral, unjust, inequality The theory says Poor people are going to rise up and over throw the rich and create a perfect world where everyone shares.
Capitalism- Businesses are owned and controlled by people. The harder you work the more money you make. Weakness- Inequality
Socialism- Where the Government owns businesses. Ex. Obamacare, schools. Equality.
History of Soviet Union- Bolshevik Revolution Lenin. Stalin- Purges, Collectivization, Nationalization, Five Year Plans. Soviet German Non- Aggression Pact. War with Germany. Battle of Berlin- April-May, 1945
Causes of the Cold War- Different Political systems. US is based on Democracy, capitalism and freedom. USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control. People are gonna choose and area that provides for them. Berlin 1961- Split into 4 zones and they built the wall the soviets didn't want to Went east to the west side. By building the wall admitting defeat. The Red Scare-1919. Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions. Distrust during WWII. Common enemy.
More Causes- Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta Conference.. American fear of a communist attack(Red Scare) and USSR's fear of a US attack. Lots of bomb shelters in peoples basements. Drills in schools. The "West" The "East"
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US- Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression. Promote Democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa. Stop the spread of communism.- Policy of Containment.
Tuesday-
Talked over the semester test and Mr. Bruns presented
Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain" Speech 1946-
Cartoon- Churchill- Cigar- No one is coming to East
Domino Affect communism to spread it will keep spreading.- We will have to stop it. Containment.
Truman Doctrine- Military supplies to Greece in turkey to help fight off the communist.
Cartoon- we are not going back to Isolation we are kinda leading other countries. We might get pulled into the war. Right Truman looking up with two major questions but the bigger question can we afford not to help they will become communist.
Marshall plan- plan to give billions of dollars to European country's to help them after the war. (George Marshall)
Cartoon- Starting to get a hang of it. Get the training wheels off so we can support ourselves.
Brinkmanship- 1950's - 1960's John F Kennedy vs Nikita Crewsheif- Foreign policy- US had to be willing to go to brink of war without getting into war.
Mutual Deterrence Destruction- Everyone is going to die.
Atomic Bomb- Used for Defensive weapons. To prevent war and other countries from attacking.
Nato- In 1949 it started- Defensive alliance against America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway and Italy.
CIA vs KGB- Central Intelligence Agency- 1947 Present. Double Agent
Stalin Dies- 1953- Nikita Khrushchev
Peacful Co-Existence - After 1953- Nuclear war might not have to happen. De- Stalinization- tearing down statues.
Detente- 1970's- Easing of tension.
Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to Power 1985 USSR- He allowed some change. He wanted to keep the Soviet Union some rules. Allowed more freedom. Glasnost- free speech and free press. He was doing it to try and save the Soviet union. Lost his job.
Wednesday-
Nuclear Powers of the World- United States-1945 Russia-1949 United Kingdom-1952 France-1960 China-1964 India-1974 Pakistan-1998 North Korea-2006 Israel-?? Iran-Developing?
Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty-1970- Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology. Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament
The Ballistic Defense system- Missile Defense Agency- Program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attack on the US or allies. Ground base and satellite based system. Detected any missiles shot at us. Would then shoot dummy rockets which would hit the missile and cause it to break apart so it didn't kill many people.
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1996- Banned all nuclear testing, passed by Bill Clinton. They wanted to limit their options. Have not tested anything since 1992.
International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)-1957 The watch dog organization, make sure countries are following the rules of not using nuclear testing.
INF Treaty-1987-Reduced the amount of nuclear missiles that the US and USSR had.
The START Treaties- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty START I(1991) Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history. Resulted in the Removal of about 80 percent of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence. The START I treaty expired in 2009.
SORT-2003- Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty. Was going to be cut in 20012, but was cut in have in 2007 for US. Lasted from 2003-2011 when New Start took it's place.
New START-2011- Signed by president Obama and former Russian President Medvedev. The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half. A new inspection and verification statement will be established. Lasts until 2021.
United Nations- 1945-present- Worldwide that can wage wars.
The First Berlin Crisis-Berlin Blockade/Airlift(June 1948-May 1949)-
The Red Scare 1947-57- Causes: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial. Found guilt of spying for the soviets-executed in 1953
Causes of 2nd Red Scare Cont- The Iron Curtain surrounding eastern Europe. USSR detonation their atomic bomb. China becoming communist. The Korean War starting(Domino Effect) Stalin actions in Germany-Berlin Blockade.
Chiang Kai Shek vs. Mao Zedong- After war is over these two go back to war. Shek loses they go to Taiwan.
Senator Joe McCarthy- Was in WWII. Senator from Wisconsin. One day he gave a speech. Saying there is Communists in our government. Started saying the Military is full of Communists. More and more people started telling him he's full of it. Eventually told to be quiet. Stripped of power, don't believe him. One of the most powerful people until stripped from his power.
McCarthyism- The practice of making accusations of subversion of reason without proper regard for evidence.
HUAC- The organization went after directors and actors in
Hollywood. The committee believed that films were spreading communists propaganda. They set up hearings to investigate the movie industry. Hollywood Ten- Each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay $1,000 fine.
Charlie Chaplin- Popular movie actor. Left for France, and then came back for award. Gave a 12 minute standing ovation.
US Test Hydrogen Bomb-1952- 1000 times more powerful than Hiroshima
USSR Launches Sputnik-1957 First Satellite in space. First man in space Yuri Gagarin-1961. Caused US to panic. JFK's moonshot speech.
Thursday-
Eisenhower Embarrassment- Khrushchev
Berlin Wall-1961 What did USSR hey used barbed wire/ Oversight families were repeated/. People attempting escape. 5,000 people escaped for freedom. 100 died trying to escape. Thousands of East and West climbed and tore it down.
Bay of Pigs- What is it? Bay of Cuba. JFK was new president. Didn't want a communist leader so close to the US. Didn't want to make it look like we took him down. Trained these people to go down and take down Castro. JFK promised we'd give them air support. Invasion takes place. Fails miserably. Kennedy didn't give air support. Thought the Cuban people were going to help, and that didn't happen. Castro was prepared for it. Eventually traded for food and medical supplies. How did it hurt Kennedy? Made him look terrible. Embarrassed military. 13 day crisis. Range of Soviet missiles launched from Cuba. Started blockading Cuba.
The compromise- The soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba. The US would promise never to invade Cuba. The US would secretly remove our nuclear missiles from Turkey within six months
Ronald Reagan Becomes President-1981- Ran on a very strong anti-communist platform. Soviets had invaded Afghanistan.
We had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn't. China started siding with us after 1972. The Soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US's was flourishing. Huge Deficit. High inflation. Corruption. Social Problems. Shortage of basic needs. Strong anti communist presidency if Reagan. Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform. Arms Reduction Talks. Soviet mistakes.
The Syrian Problem- Government is supported by Russia/ Rebels who want to take down Assad;s gov, are backed by the US. Rebels- ISIS is in control of northern yria and both sides dislike them. In April 2017, Assad gasses Rebels said was trying to attack ISIS.
Friday-
The Korean Conflict: The Forgotten War- 1950-53- US lost 34,000 people in the war. 2 million lives lost for a war that solved nothing. Wasted War. Korea was invaded and ruled by Japan from 1910-45. After WWII Korea was split into tow-North(USSR) and South(US) at the 38th parallel. An election was going to be held to eventually unify Korea. Still split today. United Nations held an election. Kim II-Sung. Song. Seen as god like. His son was not as loved. We can pull our troops out of South Korea. Opened the door for North Korea. US is gone lets invade. The north did well at first in June of 1950, and then South Korean was pushed down into Pusan. United Nations sends troops to help, and went well in November of 1950. Knocking on China's door. Never been a peace treaty signed. Wasn't a declared war.
MacArthur was removed.
The rest of thew war involved little territory change and length peace negotiations.
Kim Jong-Un- Took office in 2011 after dad died. Nuclear aggressiveness. Concerned. Killed his uncle in December in 2013. Deadly nuclear catastrophe with Us-January 2014. Very crazy. Says he's going to attack US.
The Vietnam Conflict 1950-75- French Indochina- Ho Chi Minh our enemy during war. Allie in WWII. Was a communist. Wasn't a killer like Hitler. Just wanted freedom. Fought French, and French was defeated. Thought they would get independence.
Geneva Conference-1954- Vietnam was partitioned temporarily into a Northern and Southern zone of Vietnam at 17th parallel. Election never happened Neither side wanted to lose.
Escalation-1957-75- Started with the deployment of military advisers to the South Vietnamese army. Started sending money to French. French got beat and we took their spot. Then started using special forces (Green Berets) fir commando -style operations. The regular troops were sent for defensive purposes only. Finally, in 1964, regular troops were used for offensive combat. Once US troops were in active combat escalation shifted to the adding of more and more US troops.
The Tet Offensive-1968- bad year. Massive offensive put on by our enemy. A holiday in Vietnam, day of celebration. The enemy was the Vietcong Viet communists. Didn't get beat- biggest victory in history. Fought gorilla tactics- way for weaker countries to fight stronger countries.
Anti-War- Why were so many against the war? Tet offensive, pentagon papers, injuring/killing innocent people(My Lai Massacre), supporting a bad government in South, The power of the press.
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