Chapter 10-3 Acquiring New Lands-
We were happy as a country to expand
Puerto Rico- Spain controlled them since 1493 from Columbus, They had for 400 years then we acquired it from Spanish American War , US citizenship in 1917, 1948 they can select their own Governor, 1942- given more freedom . They later voted to become a state, independent, or stay a territory. In 2013 they voted to become a US state. Protected by US. Only thing they can't do is vote for president.
Cuba- 1898 Spanish gave control of Cuba to the US with Treaty of Paris. 1902 US gave Cuba their independence with strings attached. Platt Amendment- 1.) right to intervene whenever we felt we needed to. 2.) Cuba could not go into debt to another country - so that the other country could not have control over them. 3.) Control over Guantanamo Bay- naval base we still have control over. In 1934- Platt Amendment was repealed , and Cuba was more independent. Up until late 50's Fidel Castro came to power- did not like America Power, Bay of Pigs Invasion- we wanted it to look like Cubans were wanting to over throw him- we trained them in Mexico - we thought Cuban people would want to join the people taking them over- they did not. People we trained were sent to prison. Soviet Union puts nuclear weapons in Cuba to protect them from US. Compromise between Russia and US in the last hour.
Philippines- Us thought we needed to take them under us and civilize and uplift them. They thought we were coming in to give them independence, when really they wre "ours" . War broke out. Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from Spanish, 1898. After Spanish American we bought for 20 million. Not a declared war- broke out after Filipinos found out we weren't giving them independence. Many soldiers and civilians dies. We helped them make their country better- built many things. Good US military base. 1946 they were given independence. 42 Japan takes over we take over 44 , them they get independence.
China- late 1800's it looked like China would be overtaken and carved up just like Africa , China wanted to prevent that from happening . We did not want to over take them. The Boxer Rebellion- Chinese group who did not want overthrown. Killed many Europeans in China. Other countries were going to take over. US does not like that John Hay-Open door policy - 1.) guaranteed Chinese Independence 2.) allowed all countries to be involved in Chinese trade- without getting taken over . If we did not have this European Powers would take over and exclude us.
10-4 America as a World Power-
Roosevelt- He stepped and became the middle man of the 2 countries Russo-Japanese War in 1905... Japan defeated Russia. Transformed their military power and become industrialized in a 50 year period so that they do not get taken over- they became a world power . Treaty of Portsmouth- Japan received land from Russia. won Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts, Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary
Panama canal (TR) - a canal cross panama has been desired for a long time why? because have to transport good across or all the way across south America all about saving time to transfer goods. France had started constructing a canal but gave up due to costs and the disease (malaria and yellow fever) sold all the equipment to the u.s. in 1903 we bought the equipment and the company for $40 million dollars. before starting the u.s had to get permission from Colombia which controlled panama. they didn't want to let us because they thought we would want to take over panama. we found a way around that to get it another way. on November 3 1903 panama declared independence from Columbia. we payed panama 10 million and annual rent of 250,000. the action upset Latin America and Columbia because because thought we would take over them. some panama canal construction were... soft volcanic soil made it hard to remove. 5,600 workers died. cost the u.s 380 million. over 43,000 worked helped build the canal. had to fight the disease. the panama canal open on august 15, 1914. took 10 years! good thing all countries could use it. problem with the panama canal today too small for a lot of ships
- the Roosevelt corollary- it was an addition to the Monroe continue. said that the u.s would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe. the u.s would use force to protect interests in Latin America.
- big stick diplomacy "speak softly and carry a big stick"- it mean strong military. carry it to show everyone. using military to get what we wanted
- dollar diplomacy- president Taft- us using the us government to guarantee loans to foreign countries by u.s backs and businesses. economic imperialism- invested into them and controlling their economy, to take them over . the us backs were in control of many businesses in Latin America. the u.s said it was deeded to keep European powers out of Latin America. substituting dollars for bullets
- missionary diplomacy- Wilson- ethical and religious belief influenced his foreign policy - US would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile towards US- used extensively in Latin America
- Mexican revolution- 1910-1920 started with overthrow of ruler from 1884-1911, another 1911-1913 then another- 1912-1914 another 1914-1220. They were all either killed or over ran ---- Huerta- killed and overthrew 1913 leader- refused to recognize him because he came to power by killing , Tampico Affair- US took over Mexican port after he had arrested American sailors. War was very close until Brazil, Chile, Argentina stepped in and tried to settle the conflict. We were going to settle but he refused- then he was overthrown by Carranza- released US prisoners, he was president- and we now recognized their government. Pancho Villa- Mexican Expedition 1916-1917- pro american at first. then Caranza asked US to control Mexican mines- Villa got mad- killed dozens of Americans once on US soil. Wilson ordered troops, 5,000 into Mexico and capture Villa led by John Pershing(major general in WWI) Caranza mad - Mexican troops clashed with Pershing troops.
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Good!