12/2
We continued presentations.
Shia is one of two types of muslims. They are followers of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, Ali. Sunni is the other type. They regard their denomination as the mainstream and traditionalist branch of Islam. They beleive that Muhammad had no rightful heir, instead a religious heir would be elected by the people. Sharia La is cast from the words of Muhammad and is basically their bible. It regulates public and orivate behavior and private beleifs. Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran Iraq, etc. practice the law. Women are inferior to men to muslims. Hijabs are required. A man has a right to divorce but a woman can not. The man gets rights over children.
Shahada - "Testimony" or "Witness". It professes one's faith.The beleif that Allah is their God and Muhammad is the prophet.
Salat- The daily prayer and is performed five times a day with their head pressed against the ground while on their knees. If you are ill or in the middle of war, you do not have to do it.
Zakat- Finance related. manditory donation of 2.5 percent to charity. Its like an Islam tithing.
Sawm- Assossiated with Ramadan where they fast for the entire 9th month of the Islamic year. The reason is to obey God and learn self-discipline and apreciating Gad's gifts etc.
12/3
We continued presentations
Hajj- annual pilgriage to Mecca. Everyone financially and physically able to go are expected to make the trip at least once in their lives. It is 2 months and 10 days after Ramadan ends. several rituals are erformed but the most notable is when everyone walks arouns the Kaaba counterclockwise seven times. They do it because Muhammad did this when he destroyed all the idols.
TEST---KNOW FIVE PILLARS ^^^
Four Islamic Empires and US political issues-
Caliphate- A muslim kingdom/empire
Rise of the first Caliphate (Rashidun)- Muhammad Dies and there were no clear instructions as to who should be the new leader, so the groups Shia and Summi were formed to decide who would follow who. The Rashidun Caliphate had the biggest expansion, maintained stability and Unity, and Culture and Beleifs were not yet adopted. The Fall of te Rashidun Caliphate- It became ery corrupt and the fourth Caliph tried to fix it but it didnt work.
Umayyad- Cultural exploits- Didnt adopt Islam until 627 AD. Battle of Tours- they fell to the Abbasids. It was the decided battle on whether people would worship Islam or Christianity.
Abbasid- Claimed they had direct relations to Muhammad. They are the ones that lead the revolt against corrupt Umayyad. They wanted to show that they were better.
Golden Age- Science and Arts flourished. It ended though because of the fall of the Abbasids- they thought they were sold out for money an they disliked their secualr ways.
Ottoman- Turkish tribes in Anatolia. It was successful ebcause it was highly centralized with the succession of one price. It caused Unity in Islam. It spread because Jihads which converted churches to Islam. And they were practical and adopted the best ideas from other cultures. They also had the Devshirme System where they took the children of people who rejected Islam and converted and raised them in Islam.
We presented.
12/4
TEST QUESTIONS?---
Know history of Muhammad
Know five Pillars
Know Issues between Islam and America (and issues in general)
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There were Holy wars between Muslims and Christians - rose tension.
After WWI, Ottoman Empire was split up. Ottoman Empires lands were distribited between European powers are released - this created Israel. Israel was a Jewish country and it was right in the middle of split up muslim territories. Muslims and Jews don't mix well.
Trump's travel ban banned a lot of Muslim countries and Trump was accused of specifically targeting Muslims. - This created more tension between Muslims and America.
We continued presenting
12/5
Middle Age-Medieval Times-Dark Ages- Lasted 500CE-1500CE.
Term medieval means- of or relating to the Middle Ages.
Why is it called the Dark ages?- Groups like the Magyers and Vikings came in and pillaged and attacked. Europe was thrown back in time where science and culture and learning was not as focused on as much as itwas in Ancient Greece. Vikings came to America before Columbus.
After Rome fell, the following problems occured in Europe: Disruption of Trade, Downfall of Cities, Population Shifts, Decline of learning, Loss of a common language, Decline of Infrastructure. People moved from the city to the country to get away from everything (population shifts). People abandoned cities and fled to the country (Downfall of cities). Germanic "Barbarians" could not write or read. They also lacked a writing system and had different languages. They couldnt speak Latin or Greek, which is what everyone else spoke. Church leaders were the only people that kept people educated (Decline of Learning). Roads, public baths, libraries, arenas, etc. all began to fall apart and decline (decline in Infanstructure).
We started our Reading / share assignment.
- I have the Danes.
12/6
We reveiwed what we went over yesterday and talked about our goups we were assigned.
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