today me and kara divided up the key points to our chapter 9 project while Maddie studied for the test. The topics i will be researching is conservation, monopolies, taxation, aid organizations(helping poor).
Notes:
CONSERVATION:
-Pioneer farmers leveled forest and plowed forest
-19th century Americans took advantage of natural environment
-coal companies polluted land with waste from mines
-lumber companies didn't replace trees they had cut down causing floods
-"Cities dumped untreated sewage and industrial wastes
into rivers, poisoning the streams and creating health hazards." -Americas (E-Edition)
-John Muir was a writer and naturalist, he persuaded president Roosevelt to set aside 148 million acres of forest
-Muir's definition of conservation- preserve all
-conservationist definition of conservation- preserve some, man use rest
-Roosevelt set aside:148 million acres of forest, 1.5 nillion acres of water-power sites, 80 million acres for the exploration of minerals and water resources. started 50 wildlife shelters and many national parks
-Gifford Pinchot was very first cheif of U.S Forest Service in 1905. he was a progresser because he reformed the way our county used the natural resource of the forests and promoted recycling
-National reclamation Act of 1902(Newlands Act)- federal gov't control West's water resources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot#Education_and_early_life
https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3310311926?profile=original
MONOPOLIES:
-Clayton Anti trust act was brought up to make Sherman anti-trust act stronger.
-Sherman Antitrust Act(mentioned in 6.3)- was the governments way to try to regulate business which tried to eliminate monopolies by making it illigal
-Clayton Antitrust Act-made it illegal for a corporation to get stock from another coporation if it caused a monopoly. it made strikes, boycotts, peacful picketing, and collection of strike benefits legal. it was illegal to restrict strikers unless they threatened to damage you.
-Samuel Gompers- he was founder of American Federation of Labor(AFL). he was for helping labor unions needs and workers need. His key points consited of shortening the amount of work hours, safe conditons, and most importantly to the people is higher wages to they could afford good homes, food, and, clothes. he was a strong supporter of the Chinese Exclusion Act which was intoduced in 7.1 and banned Chinese immigrants other than students teachers and gov't offidials. he thought the clayton antitrust act was very valuable to workers.
-Fedral Trade Commision(FTC)-gave the government permission to search for violations of laws. required reports from corporations over certain periods of time. it ended unfair business practices
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Gompers
TAXATION:
-president Wilson worked to lower tariffs through the Underwood Act
-tariffs=tax or fees
-Sixteenth Ammendment- approved graduated federal income tax. this replaced what money hada been taken away from the governmnet when tariffs were lowered
-graduated income tax- people with higher incomes had to pay higher taxes. it ranged from 1% to 6%this supplied gov't with more money than tariffs had
AID ORGANIZATIONS:
-Social Gospel- helped poor by supplying them with churches, social services, community centers
-Young man's Christian Association(YMCA)-opened libraries, sponsered classes, built swimming pools and handball courts
-Salvation Army- put on soup kitchens, cared for children in nurseries, taught poor people the importance of temperance(staying alcohol- free)
-Florence Kelley contibuted in passing the Illinois Factory Act. This act made life better for women and children. it made it illegal for children to work in factories and women could only work for a certain number of hours per day
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