My group presented on monday. Test was on thursday
ITALY
ITaly was unhappy with the treaty of versailles after WWI
Wanted to get more land than they got from austria hungary
italy joined the league of nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
washington naval conference- 5 power pact, signed by great britain United states japan france and italy, stop the build up of navy, designed to prevent an arms race, limited construction of battleships, battlecruisers, and aircraft carriers, did not restrict cruisers, destroyers and submarines
9 power pact- guaranteed chinese independence and upheld the open door policy, signed by united states, japan, china, france, great britain, italy, belgium, netherlands, and portugal
open door policy- guaranteed free trading rights with china, with not a lot of tariffs or fighting over china
King Victor Emmanuel- asked mussolini to take over power in italy to keep the communists out of italy, saw mussolini as an anti communist which he liked.
Benito Mussolini- was a pacifist, “found his calling in WWI” became leader of Italy within 3 years after, people of italy thinked he ruined their country, established fascism in italy,
a government led by a strong dictator, stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism, uses intimidation to get what they want. “all within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.” - Benito Mussolini
Kellogg-Briand Pact
countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes, italy signed it
ethiopia invaded by mussolini in 1936- italy lost its ethiopia colony in africa at the 1896 battle of adua, one of the worst colonial disasters of modern history, feb. 23, 1935 italy sens large forces into ethiopia, italy wins and annexes ethiopia
nov. 18 1935, league of nations sanctions begin- arms embargo, financial embargo, non importation of italian goods,
feb. 29 1936- FDR signed the 1936 neutrality act
mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
mandatory ban on loans to warring nations
francisco franco and the spanish civil war- 1936
hitler and mussolini send troops and weapons to help franco win the civil war against the communists
this was served as an important training ground for hitler's and mussolini's troops
franco takes over spain
Rome Berlin Axis- 1936
hitler and mussolini sign a deal giving them an alliance
tripartite pact is signed forming the axis powers- germany, italy and japan
countries that helped- albania, bulgaria, finland, romania, thailand, hungary
italy’s goals in WWII
make a new roman empire
make the mediterranean an “italian lake”
take over northern african colonies of britain and grnace especially egypt
take over southeastern europe-greece and albania
take over parts of the middle east
italy invasion of albania- 1940
took it over very easily
Invasion of greece- hitler had to save mussolini
mid 1943 US invades sicily, and then Italy switches sides
Why did italy lose?
we not prepared to fight, people did not want to fight, went to war to soon, italy was overall a weak country
Impact WWII had on italy
lost 410,000 people, 330,000 military
spent 94 billion dollars
had to join the allies
US gave billions to italy to help them rebuild after WWII so they don't turn communist
joined NATO
Became a member of the United nations
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