Key Topics:
Driving Idea: Describe US Foreign Policy in the late 1800's and early 1900's and be able to give examples.
- Brings military power and prestige to your country
- Naval bases and refueling stations
- Money for natural resources as well as opening new markets to sell your good (trades)
- Belief in cultural superiority-white mans burden
*Old vs. New Diplomacy- 1783-late 1800's
- noninterventionists- us didn't interfere with foreign affairs
- Isolationists- US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations
- Passive and ractive- US waited for events to occur and then acted
- Weak army and navy
New Diplomacy- late 1800's to 1900's
- Imperialistic- Going out and conquering territory to create an empire
- Stronger army and navy
- Interventionists- especially in central and south america
- strong nationalism- strong pride of country
*Main powers in the late 1800's
- Great Britian
- Germany
- France
- Austria-Hungary
- Italy
- Russia
- United States
- Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
- Japan
US purchase of Alaska - Secretary of state William Seward wanted to purchase Alaska but house of representatives said waste of money became known as Sewards Folly. Thought we were going to eventually take Canada.
US taking of Hawaii - They were a monarchy. The Queens brother died and she proposed new constitution giving her monarchy more power. Made it so Americans and Europeans couldn't vote. We found Hawaii with missionary mostly and sugar cane plantations and no tariffs on goods coming in from Hawaii. Americans wanted sugar can. The queen wanted natives to get home back. Eventually American military came in to subdue situation.
Spanish-American War- Was between Spain and America.
-Causes - Cuba was rebelling. Spanish became very harsh to Cubans. Cubans were put into concentration camps so they couldn't leave and cause rebellions. New York journalists found out about what happened. They exaggerated what was happening and brought it to the Americans attention. The USS Maine was sunk right outside of Cuba. Riot broke out so president sent this ship to protect American citizens. News paper blamed Cuba when no one actually knows. Fought in Philippines Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Teller amendment- said after the war Cuba gets its independence that America doesn't take control
-battles/famous people involved - Enrique Dupay de Lome wrote letter to Americans bashing Presient McKinley. The letter just said that all McKinley wanted to do was just please the people. News paper captured it and over exaggerated it. Rough Riders.
Battle of Santiago- America won
Battle of San Juan Hill- Very famous battle. We won. Rough Riders were involved.
-Results/Treaty - Lasted 3 months. Treaty of Paris officaillly ended war. Spain kinda gave Cuba to US. We gained Puerto Rico and Gaume.
US Control of Puerto Rico - One year after Spain grants it independence we come in and take it. For 30 years we tried to Americanize them.
US Control of Cuba - After taking control we used them for trade and ports. Cuba wanted Independence giving that from Spain and American war. Teller amendment said we wouldn't take Cuba after war. !902 Cuba granted independence. Platt amendment said we could intervene in Cuba whenever we wanted. Cuba couldn't go into debt with any other countries. Cuba had to give us Guantanamo bay. Platt amendment repealed in 1934.
US Control of Philippines - We fought them in a war. We wanted to take over them and get their land. They thought that we would give them freedom after the Spanish American war just like we did to Cuba. This war was unnecessary and imperialistic. We killed lots of their people and soldiers.
Open Door Policy in China - President wanted all countries to trade with China.
Boxer Rebellion in China - Chinese citizens who learned how to box so they could fight off Europeans. They wanted to fix China and get rights. Emperors wife helped the boxers so she was killed. Europeans finally got enough troops to kill the boxers.
Teddy Roosevelt's Nobel Peace Prize - Ended Russo-Japanese war. First American to win peace prize. Said many lives. He didn't keep the money from winning gave money to congress to from a peace thing. They didn't do that so during WW1 he demanded they give it back to help with war and war relief.
Getting control and building Panama Canal -French started building it but couldn't finish it. we supported Panama to get its independence from Columbia and they said we could build there then. Lots of people died building it. Landslides killed lots of people. Very expensive and hard to build.
Roosevelt Corollary and Monroe Doctrine - 1823 Proclaimed that Americas would be free from European Colonization. Did it because it looked like Russia would Colonize Alaska. If and they did they would have to deal with us. Corollary basically said if they have a problem with countries over here they need to come to us.
Big Stick Diplomacy--"Speak softly and carry a big stick" - We used our military size to get what we want. We wouln't go out and brag but people just knew we had the biggest stick.
Taft's Dollar Diplomacy -US would pay off debts to European that Latin Americans owed them. This way Europe would stay out of the west. Supposed to be peaceful but Nicoragra revolted against Spain so we put our banks in there and then they revolted against us too. Countries didn't like this.
Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy - We wouldn't recognize dictatorships as governments
US issues with Mexico - Huerta becomes leader by killing previous leader. Wilson doesn't recognize his government. He was very mean to his people. Huerta took some of our soldiers prisoner. Wilson sent troops down. Huerta releases prisoners and apologizes. Arbitration occurs and Huerta steps down. Poncha Villa started off as pro american. Pancho Villa went up into US and killed US citizens twice. Wilson sent troops down to get Villa. We pulled out of this war to enter WW1.
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