Great Note taking....
Monday, December 20 Tuesday, December 21
Period 1 8:10 - 9:10 (60 min.) Period 2 8:10 - 9:10 (60 min.)
Period 4 9:40 - 10:40 (60 min.) Period 3 9:40 - 10:40 (60 min.)
Lunch 11:10 - 12:10 (60 min.) Lunch 11:10 - 12:10 (60 min.)
Period 5 12:25 - 1:25 (60 min.) Period 7 12:25 - 1:25 (60 min.)
Period 6 1:55 - 2:55 (60 min.) Period 8 1:55 - 2:55 (60 min.)
10:25-10:35: Nate Kloewer-3rd
CHARACTERISTICS OF EUROPE
Europe is very nationalistic.
Willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor.
Since industrialization was increasing, so was population from that (People moving from rural areas to cities) and due to this fast rate of change, traditional values and religion became less important.
Women could vote by the 1920's.
Education became more important.
CRISIS AND WARS IN EUROPE
Austria-Hungary lost 2 wars to France and to Prussis(Germany)
Germany defeated France
U.S. defeats Spain in Spanish-American War.
Japan defeats Russia
Italy defeats Turkey
Balkan League defeats
CAUSES OF WORLD WAR 1
militarism-building up their armies so they can defeat others and have more power.
Imperialism is a cause because its a dispute over land. Bigger countries wanted to fight smaller powered countries for their land.
Nationalism-two types of nationalism. For people's independence and for the independent countrys wanting power and prestige.
System of Alliances-powers fighting in World War 1, central powers.
Economic Competition
Poverty was an issue, wealth and power were ran by few people, labor unions and socialism, countries competed for markets, raw materials and colonies, traded, imperialism.
All of the ethnic groups wanted their own little country. Now they do, so the problems are solved.
Russia until 1917 bolshevik revolution. became communists.
Allied Forces-central forces-Neutral Forces
Alliances isolate countries and cause war. Distrusting countries. Enemy countries.
Economic Coompetition-competing for money power resources. Dealing with countries you dont like leads to war.
Serbia and Austria-Hungary hated eachother. Serbians were like a menace to them. (bugging them.)
Black Hand organization was created in Serbia.-Goal is to unite all Serbs
ASSASSINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND
Born in Austria. Brother was a prince, when he died, Ferdinand took over the king of Austria.
went down to look at troops and things down there. Grenade thrown at family in a car and so went to the hospital.
Assassins came from Servia. Assassin family
Ferdinand and his wife died from getting shot by a bullet.
Assassination of Ferdinand
Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
Sebia refuses to accept it.
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
Russia supports serbia.
Germany declares war on Russia.
France enters war to help Russia.
Great Britain enters war to help France after Germany attacks France through neutral Belgium.
U.S. NEUTRALITY
1916 election-woodrow wilson(Democrat) and charles hughes(Republican.)
Neutrality means not taking sides. Woodrow Wilson declared that U.S. was to be nuetral when WWI broke out.
This was successful for 3 years.(in 1914, u.s. made neutrality. for three years we stayed out.)
U.S. was upset with both sides in war, then drew closer to war and the allies. Because of sinking of ships and killing U.S. citizens. Another reason was the Zimmermann Note (coded telegram sent by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann. Contents of the note caused outrage that contributed to the U.S.'s declaration of war against Germany.
We favored the allied forces. Germany was sinking ships that had americans on them. (Lucitania, Arabic, Sussex)
we traded with great britain and France and became economically tied with the war. (We chose sides.)
International Laws that came about. (3 of them)
Lucitania ship. People thought this was a cause of the war.
Germany to Mexico, wanted them to go to war. Mexico did not attack tho.
4.Traded with England
5.British and American Propoganda-try to sway people to want to go to war. Goals of this was to sway people to want war. Try to get people to be in the military, war bonds, ultimately, to unite people to help in the war.
6.Preparedness Program(1915)-U.S. started preparing and arming for war.
7.American Business-munitions business pushed U.S. into war to make money.
8.German Declaration of "unlimited submarine warfare."- sinking ships no matter the limit.
Lusitania-sunk in 1915
*Sussex(ship) Pledge-wilson wanted to end attacks on unarmed ships, and Germany responded with the sussex pledge. This was abided by until 1917 when they said they were going to sink any ship no matter what.
*General John Pershing-main guy of World War 1.
*Ferdinand Foch-was abover John Pershing-Foch is the head guy.
*The Homefront- referring to our home(The U.S.) What people did in the U.S. to help win the war. Making supplies for war was the reason we won the war.
*War Industries Board- regulated U.S. industry.Made sure factories were working hard and making things for the war-this board encouraged mass production.
*Food administration-headed by herbert hoover-urged people to conserve food. Had "meatless days" and "wheatless days" for people so we could conserve. Vicotry Gardens were planted by schools and homes.(helping win war by planting gardens.) We did this so our soldiers would not starve. Germany's soldiers were starving because they got blockaded.
Committee on Public Information-goal was to influence U.S. public opinion to support World War I in their own war. Used newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph, and movies to broadcastits message.
National War Labor Board-settled disputes between workers and emplyers. "Work or fight." (William Taft)
United States paid for the war with INCOME TAXES and WAR BONDS(LIBERTY LOANS)
Paris Peace Conference-meeting of Allied victors and set peace terms for Germany and other defeated Nations.(France, Britain, U.S., and Italy.
TRENCH WARFARE
trenches are holes cut in the ground, weren't healthy. (rats, mud was bloody)
3 types of trenches..Support, Reserve, and ..
bombardment, creeping barage, and third one did not work.
Defensive type of warfare. France and Belgium is mainly where the fighting takes place.
Baron Manfred von Richtofen shot down a bunch of planes,(German)
A lof of death and destruction in this war. (bombing, trenches, flame throwers, gas bombs)
Turkish massacre of the armenians-armenians were killed by the turkish people. (Did not like that ethnic group.) (Unofficial genecide.)
France wanted land from Germany, and to regain alasace and Lorraine from Germany, to cripple Germany's military, create an independent Rhineland to create a buffer area between France and Germany, get German colonies in Africa, get Turkish colonies in Mid-East just like Great Britain.
Great Britain get German colonies in Africa, get Turkish colonies in Mid-East
Italy wanted land from Austria-Hungary.
Russia wanted control of the Dardenelle and Bosporus Straits in Turkey.
Austria-Hungary wanted self preservation, but that didnt happen.(They fell apart.)
Germany wanted part of France, Luxembourg and Belgium,most of western Russia, to make Austria-Hungary and the Balkans a "sphere of influence," and to take over French and British colonies in Africa.
United States wanted to win and end the war. (Wilson's 14 points to make the world a better and safer place.) If all of his points were passed, World War II may not have happened.
MAJOR BATTLES OF WORLD WAR I
Battle of Eat Pray
Battle of Verdun
First Battle of La Marn-3 of Germans Armys going to paris.wanted to capture it but never did.
know high casualties.
Objectives:
Define Paris Peace Conference
Wilson's 14 points
Treaty of Versailles in detail and impact on Germany and Europe
A lot of land was lost from Germany! Army in Germany was reduced to 100,000 men, not allowed tanks, no airforce, only 6 capitals naval ships and no submarines. wanted Rhineland area.(No German soldier was allowed in this zone. It was for France to buffer.)
Coal was a vital loss. To Germany, it seemed clear that the countries wanted nothing but to bankrupt them.
Describe why U.S. never ratified Treaty of Versailles.
Wilson’s 14 Points-speech by wilson to assure that WWI was fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. Countries thought it was too easy on Germany
1.) Goal of this is to change all countries for the better to prevent from another war from happening.
2.)Examples of this is end of secret treaties. But problems of this one is because its secret. 7-12 are basically restoration of countries.
1. An end to secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Free trade for all countries-like the open door policy.
4. Disarmament-reduce army
5. End to colonial claims
6. Self-determination for all countries- Russia
7. Restoration of Belgium
8. Restoration of France
9. Readjustment of Italy’s boundaries
10. Austria- Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development
11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
12. Turkey should be sovereign (independent)
13. Poland would be given their independence
14. The “League of Nations” would be developed
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