5-1 presented by Navi an Hannah
- the culture of the plains indians
- west mississippi was unknown
- grassland
- tribes had been there for more than one hundred years
- spain brought horses an guns to indian tribes
- mid 1700's tribes were usig guns an horses to hunt on the plains
- tribes live with extended fgamily
- man hunted an women made things out of animals
- plains indians believed in spirits
- tried not to have leaders
- white settlers pushed native americans out
- 1858 gold an silver was found
- ten thousands of people went west
- mining camps-filthy
- irish,german,polish,chinese,african american
- december 1866 warriors crazy horse ambushed captain william j.fettermen
- 80 soldiers
- battle of the hundred slain;fettermen massacre
- 1887,dawes act-aiming to americanize native americans
- the act reservations
- 160 acres to every head of household
- 80 acres to any unmarried adult
- buffalo population went from 65 million in 1800, to fewer than 1 thousand ninety years later
- the buffalo are no endangered
the battle of wounded knee
- was the last major battle between the native americans
- december 28,1890
- 7th calvary rounded up 350 starving/freezing sioux
- took them to a camp at wounded knee
- buffalo were disappearing
- native americans were forced on to smaller reservations
- horse an cattle started to flourish on the plains
- american settlers never managed large herds on open range
- we learned from mexican neighbors how to round up, rope, brand, and care for animals
- texas longhorns
- spanish brought horses to use as work animals an transpotation
- english words corral an rodeo were borowed from the spanish
- cowboys were not in high demand in til railroads in the plains
- after civil war the demand for beef sky rocketed cause of growing cities
- chicago union stock yars opened in 1865
- by spring 1866, railroads were running regularly through sedalia,missouri
- from sedalia, texas could ship cattle
- the cow town found more convient route the next year
- some rachers started as young as 15 an were done by 40
- long drive was just a long 3 month journey typical drive had 1 cowboy per every 250-300 head of cattle, a cook that drove chuck wagon an wrangler
- trail boss earned $100 or more a month
- cow boy would be in a saddle all they slept on the ground bathed inthe rivers piled metals objects at the edge of camp nt 2 get electricuted
- james butler"wild Bill" hickok served as a spy during the civil war an was shot while playing poker
- martha jane burke was a sharp shooter
5-2 presented by Justice, Katy, Austin
Great Plains
railroad moving west 1862 congress passed the pacific railroad bill railroad which granted public land and funds to bulid a transcontenential railroad. twoo groups who were buiding the railroad started in diferent parts of the country one was the central pacific. while construction both companies raced to see who could lay the most tracksearch day. homestead act was signed by abraham lincoln in 1862. this bill gave rights to any cittizen to have 160 acres of land if they stayed there for five years it was their land for free.claimers of the act didnt need to have equipment or knw how to farm to get this land. Some things people did were cattlers fenced in open land. miners an wood cuters took natural resources. 10% of the land was actually settled by the families it was inttended for. all plots were not equal in size either people in iowa an minnisota 160 acres.
Dugouts ans soddies
the settlers built there homes into hills because there werent many trees. had advantages an disadvantages
advatage:it wa hot in the winter an cold in the summer. disadvantage evry timeit rained it would leak in the house. the women helped alongside the men plowing and planting. they also shaved the sheep so they could use the sheeps wool to make clothes. they did cooking cleaning an rasied the children. the agricutural education supported by the national government. it was because of that morril act of 1862 an 1890 allowed land to be given to states.
Closing the frontier
Henery D. washburn & Nathaniel P. Langford asked congress to prtect the wilderness from the settlement. 1870-washburn discovered nothern wyomings geysers and springs. 1879- the department of interior forced railroads to give up their western landholdings. landholdings were equal in the area of new york,new jersey,pennsylvania,delaware,maryland, an virgina. 1890- the census bureau claimed that the frontier didnt exist. the scared people because the nation was always aimed on expanding and they now had no where to expand to. It was hard for farmers to create their homesteads.
1837-john deere-steel plow
1841-grain drill
1847-cyrus mcomick-reaping machine
1830-it took 183 mins. to produce a whole bushel of grain. 1900-it took 10 mins. to make a whole bushel of grain. the machinery was expensive-farmers borrowed money to buy it. 1870's-railroad companies created bonanza farms enormus single crop farm
1885-1890- the plains experience droughts. 1900-farmers had about 150 acres of land,after the drought bonanza farms went bankrupt.
5-3 presented by conrad an rey
in the 1800's farmers were getting into bad financial situations. Good farming land was being taken quickly so many farmers had to break new ground. the price of the crops were dropping so they needed more to make the same amount of money as before. railroads were charging very high prices to hold an ship grain. many farmers lost their farms every day. civial war's greenbacks were being removed from ciculation. this caused the value of mobney to go up, an prices go down. farmers could take any more these abusive times so they began to organize. oliver hudson kelley founded the patrons husbandry. speakers went from town to town to educate about finances an ghow got into trouble an things like govermental control of soon over 4 million members.
Populism
Populism-the move
demands-
wanted- money supply, graduated income tax, federal loan program, election by popular vote, single terms for president an vice president, secret ballet to end vote fraud, eight hour work day, restrictions on imigration.
mainly to struggling farmers desprete laborers in 1892, populist canidate won about 10% of all votes.
5 senators
3 governers
1,500 state legislaters
1880's farmers had to many debts an look out to many loans. mines opened meaning they flooded the markets.
2 sides: gold bugs an silverites
gold bugs-wants deflation
silverite-wants inflation
6-1 presented by austin,nate, an chris
in about 1840 iron in britain went from 1.4 million tons to 6.7 million in 1870.
christopher sholes invented the typewriter in 1867.
6-2 presented by zach an evan
the age of rairoads
- richard ely visited a tyown that george M.pullman created for his railroad workers an at first richard ely liked it
- after talking to an employee of pullmans ely realized the town wasnt as great as he thought
- it didnt allow the town to go anywhere it was secured and had no transportation
- ely thought that pullmans idea was "un-american"
- railroads provided reliable ways to get from town to town they also made westward expansion faster
- government gave railroad companies huge land grants an loans because they relized how big of an oppurtunity as railroads went on they got more advanced
- credit mobilier- stock holdrs gave a company 3 times the amount of money to lay railroads an then they would pocket the rest of the money
6-3 presented by joey an anna
Carnegie worked at the pennsylvania railroad where he made loads of money
in 1873 he entered the steel business with the money he earned from railroad
by 1899 the Carneige steel company produced more steel then all the factories in great britain
to do this he used two processes called vertical an horizontal intergration( two ways to form monoplys)
social darwinism explains the process of natural selectin(Charles Darwin came up with this, he came up with the survival of the fittest)
John D. Rockfeller controlled the largets oil company in the united states.
he used a process called monoply to take contol of the markets an build his wealth.
Rockefeller was the worlds richest man an the first american billionair.
many people called him a "Robber Baron".
Rockefeller used trusts to grow his oil company.
In 1890 the sherman anti-trust act made it illegal to form trust.
the big business boom by passed the south.(trust=monoply)
Labor Unions Emerge
labor unions-workers in a group
working conditions were horrible
in1882-675 laborers were killed each week.
their hours were long
they didnt get compensated
child laborers-ages 5-15 yrs. old
from 1890 to 1910 the number of women working doubled from 4 million to 8 million
women an children worked in sweatshops.(it paid 27 cents for children.
Women-$267
Men-$498
skilled workers formed small local unions since the 1700's
in 1866 the first large scale national labor union was formed
they didnt allow blacks so the colored national labor was formed.
NLU grew to 640,000 people
Craft unionism-they included skilled workers from one or more trades
the IWW-industrial workers of the world also know as the wobblies
they were headed by William Haywood
miners,lumberers,cannery, and dock workers
included native americans
never got over 100,000 members
1912 went on strike
the great strike of 1877
workers for baltimore ohio railroad went on strike.
traffic covered over 500,000 miles
The haymarket affair
3,000 peoplke gathered at chicago's haymarket square
McCormick Harvester Plant
Speakers at the demonstration and 5 radicals were charged
the public turned against labor unions
The Homestead strike
company president henery clay frick annouced his plan to cut wages
frick hired scabs/strike breakers to keep his company working
they battle which led to 3 detectives and workers dead
the plant was closed till july 12th
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