Unfortunately we are once again back into the full swing of things in terms of our New Deal Presentations.
Cuddie gave a fairly enthusiastic presentation about one of his favortie things in the world... music. He talked about jazz and the impact that it had on society in the 30's. He also talked about early country singers and musicians of the day.
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?
3 R’s: Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
Relief- Roosevelt Felt that immediate action needed to take place in order for the economy to stop declining. He ordered a four day bank holiday so that the situation could be assessed and that people would not continue to try and sell everything which would continue to put the economy to crap.
Recovery- Both temporary and permanent programs were set up to provide aide to the poor and those who were likely to become poor. Some of these include the Agricultural Adjustment Act, Public Works Administration, and the Home Owner's Land Corps.
Reform- These were more of the permanent organizations permanent that were to be set up to further protect what American society had left and could not afford to lose completely. The Soil Conservation Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Social Security Administration were included with the large number of organizations and relief groups that were established.
Why did people criticize the New Deal?
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve
this issue?
How did the New Deal help:
Unemployed- PWA- Created new jobs, especially construction jobs like building
schools, dams, roads, bridges, hospitals, courthouses, and much more. The USHA
gave over 650,000 jobs to low income people. These jobs were contruction
projects for apartment complexes for the poor. It was a good program that
basically paid for itself. The USHA led to the PWA. The NYA is the NAtional
Youth Administration.
Civil Works Administration- Created November
8, 1933. Under control of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
Cost over $200 million a month to pay for all of the supplies and workers. The
budget was only $400 million, and the CWA had to be disbanded after spending
over a billion dollars in a five month period. Many politicians greatly
criticized and opposed the CWA
farmers- A bit of the RFC aided the farmers. Farming organizations were granted
loans from the RFC. These loans were exected to be off in the years to come,
because the loans were given out in the hopes that once the organizations could
get back on their feet, they would be able to pay the loans off, and then some
to help the government and society in the future.
factory workers/labor- The NLRA established minimum wage and maximum work
hours, NLRB was established it determined if the workers were being treated
fair, better training and standard procedures for different work areas.
young people- NYA is the National Youth Administration. The NYA was a New Deal
administration that focused on young people. It gave them jobs. It operated
from 1935 to 1943. It targeted young men and women alike to get jobs and go to
school and to seek a higher education. The program gave financial aide to
people who needed it to get a higher education. The NYA offered kids jobs at
the colleges that they would attend that would allow them to work for pay to
help out the family and pay for college while also getting an education.
Some people did not like this organization because of the use of the taxpayers
dollars to pay for all of these people going to school. Some felt that t had no
effect, but over 2.5 million students were enrolled in the program.
banks/business- The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was basically a
bailout to businesses, banks, railroads, farm associations, and others. All of
these industries were given loans that would hopefully be repaid in full, and
would eventually be able to do more for the government when they get back on
top.
The FSA was the first federal attempt to regulate stocks. Before this legislation, stocks were only regulated by laws pertaining to each state. The FSA required investors to receive information on what's being offered, prohibited fraud in stock sales, and stocks had to be registered to the Stock Exchange Commission.
The FDIC was another organization that provided insurance coverage for banks. The insurance for these banks would nearly guarantee that banks would be financially stable. If a bank should somehow fail, the FDIC insures them 100,000 dollars per account. Not only did this give banks relief, it also made the general public feel that their money would be safe with the banks. Banks received more customers because of the FDIC than ever before.
home owners- The USHA gave over 650,000 jobs to low income people. These jobs
were contruction projects for apartment complexes for the poor. It was a good
program that basically paid for itself. The USHA led to the PWA. Over 22,000
housing units were built for low income families and the poor, have of which
was to be reserved for blacks. The whites did not like this and racial
segregation was strung back up. This led to blacks forming their own
communities which led to ghettos.
elderly- Social Security Administration- Created by Roosevelt
on August 14, 1935. It is a
tax taken out on your income that goes into your personal account and when you
retire, you can claim that money that is being put into your account. Taxes
were girst taken on October 14, 1936.
Covers disease survivors as in veterans, old age, and the disabled. Obviously
still around today.
Native Americans- The IRA helped Native American Indians who were poor,
discriminated against, and could not find work or schooling. The IRA gave back
some of the land that we took from them. This act restated the Dawes Act and
broke up land and gave it to individual tribes.
Land of the Indians went from138 milllion square acres in 1887 to only 48 million square acres, even though this act was made to help the Indians, many tribes such as the Crows, Klamath, and the Navajo chose to reject it. 174 accepted the act and 78 rejected it, the government had a great influence in the IRA.
Describe the culture of the 1930's.
Key terms:
Hundred Days
fireside chats- Fireside chats were informal monthly addresses that FDR gave
from the start of his term until the end of his term. He also had weekly
addresses that were brief compared to the fireside chats. The purpose of these
chats was to gain the attention of Americans, and to inform them what was going
on, and how the rest of the country was rebuilding itself.
The fireside chats had a large impact on the nation. He gained many followers
as Roosevelt told people to have faith and to stay
positive. He gave them an incentive to have hope and to do their part to
further help the country.
Priming the Pump-
Deficit Spending- Deficit spending is when the government spends more money than they have in the hopes of getting a large return from it in the future. It didn’t quite work the way that they had hoped.
Describe the culture of the 1930's.- Music- Woody Guthrie from Oklahoma traveled all over the country performing songs like Goin Down the Road and his most famous. This Land is your Land, Jazz- swing dancing became popular the jitterbug was a popular dance in which couples threw each other over their heads and through their legs, legendary band leaders were Duke Ellington Count Basie, Woody Herman, Pop- singers and dancers included The Andrews Sisters Gene Autry Roy Rogers Shirley Temple Billie Holliday
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