MONDAY-
Battle of Coral Sea -First Turning Point
-Battle ended in a stalemate
-Considered to a more a US victory as it was the first time Japan's advance had been stopped
First time Japan didn't win
-aircraft carrier fight
Battle of Midway -June 1942 -Major Turning Point in Pacific
-Japan thought they'd beat us but we destroyed them
-US broke their code so we knew the attack was coming
US- 1 carrier sunk 307 killed
Japan- 4 carrier sunk 3,057 killed
War ended with Japan in 1945
Island Hopping- going to an important island -skipping -hopping from island to island and taking over
Kamikazes- suicide planes, strap plane with bombs then fly into boats (Japanese used)
Battle of Leyte Gulf -Philippines
-happened int he Phillipines
-really hit Japan bad
MacArthurs' Return to the Philippines- retook the philippines
Iwo Jima - February-March, 1945
-approached the shore figured they weren't fighting, Japan were dug into the ground
-bombing Japan prior to atomic bombs
-US won but Japan attacked us bad
-6,821 Deaths
-Japan fought to the death (jumping off cliffs, commit suicide)
-Raised the first flag but couldn't see it so US got a bigger flag on top of mountain
Summer 1945 Preparing for the Invasion of Japan
-Operation Downfall
-Planned for October 1945
-Estimated to have over 1 million casualties
-Estimated to hace 267,000 deaths
Why did this never take place? atomic bomb was used instead (200,000+ deaths)
The Manhattan Project 1939-1945
-code name for the atomic bomb
-6 years to make
-Einstein wrote a letter to FDR to look at this, potential to change everything
-Trinity Test -working on bomb
TUESDAY-
Losses at Okinawa - Japan(110,000) American (14,000)
Young Peoples Involvement - Japanese Army mobilized 1,780 boys age 14-17 into front-line service, The military authorities ordered schools to force all students to "volunteer" as soldiers
Trinity Test (July 16, 1945) - First atomic bomb is successfully tested
Enoly Gay - Dropped bombs from airplanes
Hiroshima Bombing - "Little Boy"
The Atomic Shadow - Burned peoples shadows into the cement from laying on the ground (60% of people died from burns)
Falling debris was another big leading cause of death after the bombings
Nagasaki Bombing - "Fat Man" and Bockscar, Fuel started becoming a problem so they had to drop the bomb without being able to see the target, Japan surrenders
VJ Day - August 14/15, 1945 (Official UK)
- September 2, 1945 (Official for US)
- When Japan officially signed on USS Missouri
Potsdam Conference - July, 1945
-On July 26, the US, GB, and China issued the Potsdam Declaration
-Announced the terms for Japan's surrender
-"We will not deviate from them. There are no alternative."
Potsdam Declaration - July, 1945
-Dismantle the current government of Japan
-The Allies(US) will occupy Japan -military would be there taking control
-Japan will consist of the major islands. It will lose all terriotry gained in WW11 and years leading up to it
-Japanese military forces will be disarmed and return home
-War crime trials
-FDR died in 1945 then Harry Truman became President
WEDNESDAY-
Potsdam Continued
-Democracy will be promoted as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights -1948)
-Japan will be allowed to hace industry so they can make money to pay war reparations. World trade will also be enabled at some point
-Allied(US) occupation of Japan (1945-1952) will end once Japan accomplishes all the above points
TEST
Italy's WWII Story -Benito Mussolini-II Duce 1919-1945
Italy After WWII
-Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of Versailles
-Wanted to get more land than they got
-Italy joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
5 Power Pact
-Signed by Great Britain, US, Japan, France, & Italy
-Designed to prevent an arm's race
-It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers, & aircraft carriers
-Did not restrict cruisers, destroyets or submarines
9 Power Pact -Italy signed it -Guaranteed Chinese Independence
Open Door Policy- countries should be able to openly trade with China
Kellogg- Briand Pact -countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes -suppose to keep peace
March on Rome -October 1922
-A march by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
-Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy
Mussoini -leader of Italy
King Victor Emmanuel -
-Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
-Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy
-Saw Mussolini as the person that culd do these things
Mussolini and the Catholic Church
-In 1929, the lateran Accords were signed
-Gave the Vatican specific territories in Rome
-Catholicism became the state religion
-Seperation of church and state was stopped
-Recognition of religious marriages for the first time since 1870
-Catholic church was given a lot of money
What did Mussolini get? official support from the Catholic Church
Established Fascism in Italy
-A government led by a strong dictator
-Stressed strong nationalism, militarism and imperialism
-Wanted to dominate the Mediterranean area and Africa (Re-establish the Roman Empire)
-Used intimidation to get what they want
Ethiopia incaded by Mussolini 1935
-Italy lost it's Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adwa
-One of the worst colonial disasters of modern history
-In 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia
THURSDAY-
Italy/Ethiopia Invasion
Nov. 18, 1935, League of Nations sanctions begin -Arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods
Feb. 29, 1936, FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
1. Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
2. Mandatory ban on loans to warring nations
May 5-9 1936, Italy wins and annexes it
Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War -1936
-Hitler and Mussolini sent troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
-This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops
Rome - Berlin Axis -1936
Italy's Goals in WWII
-Make a new Roman Empire
-Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake"
-Old Roman Empires -96 AD
-Take over north African colonies of Britain and France especially Egypt
-Take over southeastern Europe -Greece and Albania
-Take over parts of the Middle East
Operation Avalanche - US takeover of Italy. Italy becomes allies of the US. Germany takes control of Italy. Italy was free
Italy's Defeat -1943
Mussolini & his Mistress, Claretta Petacci, are hanged in Milan, 1945
Italy and the Holocaust
-In 1938, Mussolini institutted laws discriminating the Jews (46,000 Jews in Italy at the time)
-After the Fascist government fel when the US invaded (1943) the Germans movedin and took control and started shipping Jews to camps outside of Italy
Why did Italy Lose?
-Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
-Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
-Italian Troops were spread too thin -Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France, Battle of Britain
-The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight. They were forced to fight
-Overrall, Italy was just a weak country
Why did the US do something in the Cold War? to stop the spread of communism
Impact WWII Had On Italy
-410,000 dead -330,000 Military Deaths
-Spent $94 billion
-Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
-US gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war
-Became a member of NATO in 1949
-Became a member of the United Natiosn in 1955
TEST
Germany's WWII Story 1919-1945
FRIDAY-
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