MONDAY-
General Valeriann "The Butcher" Weyler -treatments to Cubans from Spain
Jose Marti wants Cuban Independance -destroyed American sugar plantations so it looks like Spain did it
The Yellow Press- instigated the war, united the general public to want war with Spain, made people feel sorry for Cubans
Maine sinking Feb 15, 1898
President McKinley considered a coward because he didn't want to go to war.
Enrique Dupay de Lome- wrote a letter -called McKinley weak and gives into peer pressure (Spanish ambassador)
Declaration of War and the Teller Amendment
- On April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain
-Discuss imperialists vs anti-imperialists in US
-Teller Amendment was added to the declaration of war against Spain
-Guaranteed Cuban independence after the war was over
-US took other areas
Without this we would have Cuba
Fronts in the Spanish American War -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico
Commodore George Dewey- navy general (amazing)
Emilo Aguinaldo - allie against Spain but turned enemies after war
Rough Riders -Teddy Roosevelt was leader (cavalry) Leonard Wood
John Hay "A splendid little war"
Treaty of Paris 1898
-Brought an official end to the war
-Spain gave Cuba independence (kind of)
-US got control of the Philippines ($20 million) Guam and Puerto Rico
3,000 US soldiers died
US became an empire
Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917
pay taxes, travel, fight in war but can't vote
The US retained the right to intervene to perserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt Amendment (we have control over you if we feel threatened)
Gave us a naval base -Guantanamo Bay
Philippines - McKinley decided to take them so we can Christianize/Americanize them
Philippine- American War-
-The Philippine-American War broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence
-It ended with American control over the islands
-12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers died
-200,000-250,000 Filipino civilians died (Some contend US committed genocide)
4,000 US soldiers died
US helped them (built schools, roads, railroads)
Japan invades Philippines
July 4, 1946 Philippines gained independence
China-
-By the late 1800's it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
-China wanted to prevent this from happening
TUESDAY-
John Hay- Open Door Policy -we don't want China taken over -want everyone to be able to trade freely -guaranteeing China's independence
Teddy Roosevelt's Presidency-
-assumed Presidency after McKinley was killed
-Roosevelt the Peacemaker :
Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905
Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts
Panama Canal
Roosevelt Corollary
The Roosevelt Corollary-
-It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
-Said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
-Wanted Latin America to pay back
-The US would use force to protect interests in Latin America
Big Stick Diplomacy- "Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick"
-military strength
-won't tell you but we'll show you
Panama Canal- Pacific & Atlantic Ocean
-water route through South America
Columbia controlled Panama
Roosevelt sends navy people down to Panama
Tell Panama to declare Independence and we'll support you
Panama gives us the right to build the canal
The Great White Fleet- wanted people to see our ship
message sent show the world our naval might
US is in power -can't mess with us
Dollar Diplomacy- President Taft
-Economic imperialism
-US government to guarantee loans foreign countries by US banks and business
-US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
-US said it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America
"Substituting dollars for bullets"
-President Taft's policy of encouraging Americans to invest in Latin America
WEDNESDAY-
President Woodrow Wilson -Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs also influenced his foreign policy. Practiced "missionary diplomacy." US would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile toward the US. Used extensively in Latin America. We want governments through elections.
Pacnho Villa-Mexican Expedition- 1916-17
-Villa was pro-American at first but soon changed after President Carranza asked US to control Mexican mines.
-Killed dozens of US citizens on two different occasions (once on US soil)
-President Wilson ordered General John Pershing (& 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico and capture Villa
-Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with Pershing's forces
-By 1917, both sides backed down (WWI)
ex weapon of war or tactic used in WWI
ex US propaganda used in wwI
The Great War - World War I (1914-1918)
-Central Powers (bad guys) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire (Turkey today)
-Allied Powers - Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia (until 1917), United States (starting in 1917) Ireland, Japan, Greece, Romania, Albania, Poland, Belgium
-Neutral Nations- Switzerland, Spain, Ireland, Norway
CAUSES OF WWI -MINES
Militarism- building up military
Imperialism -winners wanted colonies from the other countries
Nationalism- better country
Economic Competition -$$ -Great Britain, France, Germany were competing worldwide for colonies, natural resources, markets, money and power
System of Alliances- don't trust other countries, more countries got involved
THURSDAY-
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (future King/Emperor of Austria-Hungary)
Gavrilo Princip (assassin 3 guys) Black Hand Organization
first was a grenade
Austria Hungary vs Serbia sent a message
Chain of Events Leading to War
-Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
-Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
-Serbia refuses to accept ultimatum
-Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after Germany gives them carte blanche
-Russia mobilizes to support Serbia
-Germany declares war on Russia
1. Hoped to knock Russia out of war quickly to avoid a two-fronted war? Why? knock France out so they can focus on fighting Russia
Split troops up
Russia dropped out
-France enters war to help Russia
-Great Britain enters war to help France after Germany attacks France through neutral Belgium
Trench War Fare
FRIDAY-
3 types of trenches- Front line, Support, Reserve, and "No Man's Land"
Barbed wire was used to slow down the other side. Tanks could destroy barbed wire.
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