MONDAY- 9.1
Protecting Social Welfare- worked lessen harsh conditions
YMCA- Young Men's Christian Association, opened libraries, swimming pools, class, feed the poor
Illinois Factory Act -1893 prohibited child labor and limited women's working hours (Florence Kelley was chief inspector)
The social gospel and settlement house movements -aimed to help the poor, community centers
Promoting Moral Improvements -improving lives of poor people
Prohibition- banning of alcohol
18th amendment- prohibition of alcohol, not consumption, private possession, production for own possession
Economic Reformation- Embraced Socialism -workers -uneven balance- big business, government, ordinary people (American Social Party vs Eugene V Debs)
Antitrust laws- unlawful mergers, monopolies, business practices -protected competition for consumer benefit
Muckrakers: "journalist who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century"
Hepburn Act 1906- challenged railroad's power
Fostering Effciency- make society and the workplace more efficient
"Taylorism"- scientific managements where efficiency is improved by breaking down task into simpler parts
Reforming Local Government- 17th amendment - Two senators for each state -each state has their own ballot
Secret ballot- citizens creating laws -Australian ballot
1899- first statewide primary (Minnesota)
Primaries- allowed citizens to elect senators -led to electing presidents
Reforming at the State Level- state passed laws to regulate railroads, mills, mines, telephone companies
number of child workers was rising
National Child Labor Committee
-sent investigators to get evidence of the harsh working conditions
-made exhibitions to show the working world of children
-Joined by Union Workers who thought child labor lowered wages
Initiative- to start (state a vote on someone)
Referendum- gave more power to the people
Recall- people of the state recall someone up (bad governors) recall vote
Brandies Brief- if you shorten the hours, you'll have better output
TUESDAY- 9.2
Women in the Progressive Area
Women in Work- before civil war, women were expected to stay home (cooking, gardening, taking care of children)
women were servants, immigrant women/African american - big households/poor conditions
1880-1910 women employment increased from 2.6 to 7.8 million
New jobs- offices, stores, schools -garment trade -telephone operators
Women in Education
men's jobs turned into women's job (teachers, nurses, social workers)
Organizations to help women -labor unions -hull house (two women helping others learn/less fortunate/sanitation)
NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association) 1890 - created by merging (fight for women's rights)
NACW (National Association of Colored Women) 1896 -character of colored women
Women Reform- Women's clubs turned into reform groups (half a million women involved)
Educated women help strengthened reform groups
"Social Housekeeping" improved conditions (workplace, education, food, housing, drug reform)
Suffrage- gain the right to vote
Female reform effors paid off for safer working conditions, better treatment of female workers, safer food/drug products, having similar rights to men (able to vote)
Roosevelt supported these ideas
Susan B. Anthony -illegally voted during president election in 1872. She received a $100 fine which was never paid. Fought for women's right. Fought for civil rights
Susette La Flesche -traveled east to translate into English. Well-known writer, presenter, interpreter and artist of the Omaha Nebraska spokesperson for Native American right
WEDNESDAY- 9.3
Teddy Roosevelt campaign -"A square deal all around" give everyone a chance
State leaders couldn't control Theodore. Wanted Theodore to be McKinley's vice president to get him out of state office. McKinley was assassinated six months later, Roosevelt was put in office.
1906 Meat Inspection Act- conditions of factory was disgusting. He wanted the places to be cleaner. They had to inspect the food.
1906 Pure Food and Drug Act- Stopped the purchase of buying contaminated food and medicines. All foods and medicine must have truthful labels. Medicine contained ingredients. Companies lied about the product.
Roosevelt helps the Environment- Roosevelt used his presidency to the advantage of his concern for the environment. He established 150 national forest, national park, monuments. Saved 230 millions acres.
1902 Coal Strike- 140,000 coal miners demanded a twenty percent raise or else they'll go on strike. Result- ten percent raise and nine hour work days.
Railroad Regulations and the ICA - Roosevelt's "real deal" was to federalize rules and regulations. ICA- Interstate Commerce Act. The ICA didn't allow wealthy railroad owners from planning to raise the prices in a business area.
1906 Hepburn Act- Limited free railroad passes. Bribery was common with free passes.
Civil Rights- Failed to support Civil Rights. He did support a few African Americans individually.
Federal Power- system that divides up power between a strong national government and smaller less powerful government. Organized with five members nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
Trust Busting- group of companies that work together to control an industry reducing competition. Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts.
Newlands Reclamation Act- to get irrigation to the farmers
THURSDAY- 9.4
Republican conservatives and progressive split over Taft's support
Bull Moose Party- progressive party, formed when Taft was nominated, square deal
Payne-Aldrich Tariff - Taff campaigned on lowering tariffs, progressives were upset because he did the opposite of what he said he was going to do.
Disputing Public Lands - Taft arranged conservation land. congress advised him to take public lands for water conservation's, congress passed a bill and made Glacier National Park
Underwood Tariff- reduced tariffs on imported goods, purpose was to encourage American manufactures, made manufacturers compete (Woodrow Wilson)
Standard Oil Company- believed they had too much power. divided into 7 parts, unfair local competition
1912 election, 16th amendment, Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 4 people running
FRIDAY- 9.5
Adamson Act- eight hour work day
Segregation in DC- he brought back segregation into the DC
Women's Suffrage:
State legislatures
Could vote in 1869 only in Wyoming
Utah, Colorado, Idaho by 1890s
1896 efforts failed
2. Tested 14th Amendment
States denying men the right to vote would lose representation in congress
Women tried to vote in 150 tates
Women were ruled citizens (1875)
Citizens still couldn’t vote though
3. Pushed to create new amendment
California introduced it….didn’t work out
41 years it failed
19th Amendment:
Women can vote
1848 Seneca Falls- starting point of women’s rights movement
WWI support
Knitting socks/ liberty bonds
Got the right to vote in August 1920
Fought for 72 years
Tax System:
Federal Income Tax- lower tariff rights
Government replace revenue
16th Amendment- provided revenue by taxing
Large income = higher taxes
Modest tax over 4,000
Graduated income tax- more you make, the more tax you pay
Federal Reserve System:
Strengthen banks
Adjust money in circulation
Keep pace with economy
Private banking system
Act- divided nation into 12 districts
Issue new currency (loans)
Transfer funds- protect banks
Safer, stable, and flexible
Banks borrow money from Federal Reserve when they run out of money
Controls the amount of money in circulation
Controlled inflation and deflation
Gave low interest rates
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914:
Labor Unions and Farm Organizations are no longer subject to antitrust laws
Antitrust Laws- Made it illegal for businesses to compete in unfair ways
Strikes, peaceful picketing, boycotts
Right to exist
Affirmed to rights of workers
Discourage formation of monopolies
Banned price fixing, exclusive sales
Federal Trade Commision:
Ended unfair business practices
Prohibit practices leading to less innovation, higher prices, fewer choices
Consumer protection
Stops crime in marketplaces
Wilson and Civil Rights:
African Americans voted Democrat (1912 election)
Lowered tariffs and passed the Federal Reserve System which strengthened the economy
African AMericans weren't treated like Americans- Wilson wanted everyone equal
After WWI Wilson wanted peace and fairness between all nations
NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Wilson and Segregation:
Reinstituted segregation in DC
Adamson Act- established 8 hour work day
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