MONDAY-
Rise of the Philosophers
- A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
-After losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers
-Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle
Socrates 470-399 BC
-Philosopher of Ancient Greece
-Socrates taught by asking questions
-put on trial and found guilty for "corrupting the youth of Athens" hemlock
- "there is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance"
Plato 427-347 BC
-student of Socrates
-He started a school called the academy that lasted 900 years
-Wrote "The Republic" - book talked about a perfectly governed society not a democracy
-Ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups, farmers, and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class
-The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king
Aristotle 384-322 BC
-student of Plato
-wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc
-taught Alexander the Great
-"He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them"
Alexander's Empire
Macedonians
-lived in mountainous villages, not city-states
-considered themselves to be Greek but were looked down upon by the city-states
-Phillip II built up his military and eventually invaded and defeated the Greek city-states
-Used the phalanx and cavalry to great effect
King Philip II of Macedon 382-336 BC
-goal was to take over alll of greece and then get revenge by taking over the Persian Empire (did it except didn't get Sparta)
-defeated Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC ending a 10 year war and bringing peace to Greece
-established a federation of Greek states known as the League of Corinth, with him as the elected as commander in chief
-Philip planned the invasion of the Persian Empire but was assassinated
-assassinated at his daughter's wedding by a former bodyguard, Pausanias
theory - Why did Pausanias kill Philip?
-offended by Attalus (related to)
-Jealousy, rape and revenge on Attalus (gay)
-Philip's son, Alexander was involved, rights to the thrown
we really don't know
TUESDAY-
Alexander the III "Alexander the Great" of Macedon
-took over for his father, Philip in 336 BC when he died
-ruled greece and it's empire for only 13 years
-due to his great accomplishments, became known as Alexander the Great
-taught by Aristotle
-rebuild your city, benefit you if you teach my son
-undefeated in battle
-his goal was to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea"
-after taking power, Alexander eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidae Greece
-Alexander then turned east to take over of the Persian Empire and acheive the goal of his father
-After losing some battles, Darius III retreated quickly and offered Alexander all lands west of the Euphrates River and $$$ for his family (deal was not acceptable)
Battle of Issus - Darius vs Alexander
-Alexander refued Darius III offer's and announced he would take the entire Persian Empire
-In 332 BC, Alexander moved into Egypt and "liberated" Egypt from the Persians
-The Egyptians crowned Alexander pharah
-Founded the Egyptian city of Alexandria
-After conquering Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia and finished the job of defeating Darius III and the Persians
-The capital of the Persian Empire, Persepolis was looted burned by Alexander as possible revenge for the Persians burning Athens
What led to the downfall? too long, time to go home, time to go home
-Alexander would continue east into India where he eventually ran into a strong Indian army
-His troops were tired fighting for 11 years and traveled more than 11,000 on foot or horseback
-Even after defeating the Indian Army in a battle, the monsoons of India were having an impact and Alexander agree to turn back west (mariun test)
-Alexander would die from disease not long after, possibly from typhoid fever or malaria
-Some say he was poisoned
Alexander the Great's Legacy
-Greek Empire split into 3 sections
1. Greek city states led by Antigonus
2. Egypt led by Ptolemy
3. Former Persians Empire ruled by Selecus
-Leaders all ruled with absolute power
-cultural diffusion between east and west
WEDNESDAY- review over test
The Spread fo Hellenistic Culture
-Hellenistic culture became common all throughout the Greek Empire
Hellenic -greece only (Sparta/Athens)
Hellenisitc (Alexander the great/romans)
-greek, egyptian, persian and indian cultures mixed
-language - koine
-trade
-cities
Alexandria, Egypt
-science and technology
-philosophy, art, and architecture
Mathematics
-euclid established geometry
-archimedes estimated the value of pi and the law of the lever
THURSDAY- group/ind. test
FRIDAY- group/ind. test
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