Monday- no school
Tuesday- notes
Wednesday- notes
Thursday- presented
Friday- Finished presentations
Phoenicians Continued
Economic
Greatest seafaring civilization of the ancient world
Great sea trading empire
Dominated Mediterranean for nearly 1,000 years
Very famous for things like:
Alphabet
Cedar ships
Purple cloth
Determined direction by looking at sun and stars
Primarily known as sailors
Called purple people because when they dyed their clothes, it would leave their skin purple
Advancements
Technology
Shipbuilding
Navigation
Writing
See through glass
Mathematics
Dyes
Political
Kingship
Alliances- King Israelite
Social Structure
Republic Government- Tyre
Social
Religion
Polytheistic
Education
Educated by elders in community
Art
Influenced by egyptian and mesopotamian art
Entertainment
Music and hymns
Festivals
Women Roles
Supposed to take lower class jobs
Babylon
Political
1894 BC city state First Amorite Babylonian
Dynasty
Absolute Monarchy (Sumu-abum)
Hammurabi’s Babylonian Empire 18th Babylon to Babylonia
Hammurabi’s code (set code for Babylonia)
Assyrian conquest 12th
Nabopolassar 625 BC
539 BC Persia
Economics
Agriculture
Barter/Trade System
Currency
Big Economy= 200,000+ People
Social
Religion
Strong beliefs in many immortal gods
Each individual would have their very own god to pray to
Gender Roles
Men had more rights over women
Women had some rights
Entertainment
Hunted
Boxed
Wrestled
Board Games
Art
Architecture
Education
Scribal type learned
Boys went to school
Some girls went
Hanging Garden
Believed to float in the sky
Made by King Nebuchadnezzar II
7 wonders of the world
650 BC
8200 gallons
- 75 feet high
Geography
Largest city in the world from 1770-1670BC and first 200,000 population
Natural protection
Caucasus Mountains, Arabian Desert
Harappan
Indus River Valley Civilization
33000-1300 BC
James Lewis posed as American engineer
Largest of the 4 ancient civilizations
Least known about
2 largest cities are Mohenjo-Daro (Hill of Death) and Harappa
Each of these cities were urban centers with populations 40,000 people
Aligned in a North-South direction
Intersecting streets run in an East-West direction
Built some of the world’s first planned cities
Created one of the first world’s written languages (Dravidian languages)
Geography
Large village on the province of Punjab in Pakistan
Earliest known as Indus Valley Civilization
Begun around 2900 or 2500 BC
Natural Barriers around:
Hindu Kush- Great Mountains in Central Asia
Himalayan Mountains
Protect invasion and stop flooding
Mountainous and desert like because it is around the Himalayas
Lots of houses are made of mud-bricks that are kiln dried to make it harder
Harder to be destroyed
Great Bath was one of best known structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization at Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan
Built in the 3rd millennium BC, soon after the raising of the “Citadel” mound on which it was located
Religion
Polytheistic (Goddess of Fertility)
Haven’t found a temple at this point in time
Buried objects with the dead
Many taboos about cleanliness
Nature worship as seen in seals
Social
3 Social Groups
Ruling class, wealthy merchants and high priests
Middle class, petty merchants, artisans and craftsman
Lowest class, laborers that lived in huts in villages
Entertainment
Enjoyed dance
Large heated pool with dressing/private bathrooms
Artwork consisted of bronze statues, bowls made of silver and bronze
Beads and ornaments were found
Very literate people
Used Dravidian language
Pictograms and animal designs
Gender Roles
Women were key to survival
Represented fertility
Bare children and housekeep
Men served as priests, tribe leaders, inherit land
Technological Advancements
Seals were used for currency
Created beads from bone and other material
Created weights for trade and tax
Political
Controlled by a class system
Theocracy
Priest rules
Lots of related things to Hinduism
Laws
3 laws
Laws kept a majority of the population
Defined the classes
Kept the order
Religion played a huge role
Dharma
Influenced by class, gender, occupation, age
Karma
Religious law of cause and effect everything will happen with consequences
“People choose their fate in the afterlife”
Cycle of Samsara
Cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
Influenced by one’s action
Want to escape to achieve “ultimate bliss”
Wars
No evidence of armies, taken over by force, or big weapons
Art didn’t represent warfare
Peaceful civilization
Power
3300-1300 BC
Tied to the environment
Himalayas provided protection from the invasion from the North
Waterways provided resource for trade
People were farmers
Higher power that controlled food
Commoners harvested twice a year because of all the natural disasters
No “real reason” for losing power
River dried out which killed crops
Many theories for how the civilization lost power
Unstable river system
Natural calamity
Earthquake
Climate Change
Economy
Urban and mercantile
People made a living by trading with:
Mesopotamia
Southern India
Afghanistan
Persia
Gold, Silver, Copper, and Turquoise
Rich civilization
Rich people used gold instruments studded with jewels
Had own weights and measures
Ate a lot of wheat, rice, and vegetables
Raised:
Cows
Bulls
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Camels
Sumerians
Geography
Southwest of Asia
Part of the Mesopotamian
Political
Government
Individual complex city states
First “Burdens”
First Scribes
Kings
City States
Laws/Wars
Code of Ur-Nammu
Sargon the Great/Sumer
3000 to 2215 BC
Great Leaders
Jushur > Kish
Enmerkar > Uruk
Mesh-Ane-Pada > Ur
Enhengal > Lagash
Losing Power
Sargon the Great
2334-2279 BC
Unison of Sumner
Soil Salinity
Social
Religion
Polytheistic
School
Priests
Girls would be homeschooled unless rich
Learning reinforced by beating
Art
Ornate and Complex- marble
Temples and Palaces- intricate and elaborate
Entertainment
Festivals
Tops
Jump ropes
Boxing
Wrestling
Backgammon
Gender Rules
Gender equality
Women were highly respected
Men and women were the same
Technology/Inventions
Time
Wheel
Geometry
Writing
Irrigation
- Dentistry
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