Monday -
- Peloponnesian War
- Athens allies were located on coast
- Pericles Plan to Win
- Avoid land battles and wait to attack Sparta from the sea and build walls to protect city and port - a wall surrounding supplies and path to city
- Rise of the Philosophers = lovers of wisdom
- A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
- After losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers
- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
- Socrates (470 - 399 BC)
- philosopher of Ancient Greece
- Socrates taught by asking questions/honor and integrity - not wealth and power
- Method of questioning is still called the Socratic method
- Put on trial and found guilty for "corrupting the youth of Athens"
- Put to death by hemlock = poison
- "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance."
- Plato (427 - 347 BC)
- Student of Socrates
- Started school called The Academy that lasted 900 years
- Wrote a book called The Republic
- The book talked about a perfectly governed society - not a democracy
- Ideal society put all citizens into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class
- The person with greatest intellect from ruling class would be king
- Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)
- Student of Plato
- Wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.
- Taught Alexander the Great
- "He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them."
- Socrates (470 - 399 BC)
- The Story of Ancient Greece (2000 BC - 300 BC : BEFORE EVERYTHING UP TO HERE)
- Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (only studying ones in Greece)
- 1. Colossus of Rhodes
- Statue of Helios, Greek Titan god
- Made of bronze
- Same size as Statue of Liberty
- One of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
- Lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake
- Believed to have been melted down and sold by Arab invaders
- 2. The Temple of/Statue of Artemis
- Built around 800 BC
- Artemis is Greek Goddess of Fertility
- The temple was destroyed several times due to wars
- Current day archaeologists have found the foundations of 5 temples built on top of each other
- 3. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
- Built around 450 BC
- The statue was said to be made of gold and marble
- Eventually destroyed after being taken apart and moved
- 4. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
- Built around 353 BC
- Tomb was built by Queen Artemisia as a tribute to her husband/brother King Mausolus
- Destroyed by earthquakes in the 1100 - 1400s AD
- All that survives today are the foundation blocks
- 5. Lighthouse of Alexandria
- Lighthouse was built in 280 BC
- It was the worlds first lighthouse (reflected sunlight by day/fire at night)
- Most likely destroyed by earthquakes from 956 - 1325 AD
- Remains were found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1994
- Egypt is building an underwater museum for tourists
- 1. Colossus of Rhodes
- Key Terms/People Section 1
- Peninsula = a peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on the majority of its border, while being connected to a mainland from which it extends
- Minoan = a seafaring and trading people that lived on the island of Crete 2000 to 1400 BC
- Mycenaean = an Indo-European person who settled on Greek mainland around 2000 BC
- Trojan war = army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy
- Dorian = people that migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization
- Homer = great story teller who was blind
- Epic = narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
- Myth = traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes.
- Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (only studying ones in Greece)
Tuesday -
- Geography of Greece
- Small country in Europe
- The main part of Greece is on a peninsula
- Surrounded by three bodies of water
- Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and Ionian Sea
- Rest of Greece is made up of islands
- 6000 total (227 are inhabited)
- Importance of geography
- Sea was extremely important because it provided protection, fishing, trade, etc.
- Did not live "on the land" but "around the sea"
- Most Greeks lived within 85 miles of the sea
- Used the sea as means of transportation
- Sea linked all parts of Greece to other areas for trade which was essential due to lack of resources
- Sea was extremely important because it provided protection, fishing, trade, etc.
- Mountains covered around 3/4's of ancient Greece
- Due to mountains, transportation over land was difficult
- Greeks did not have much fertile land for agriculture
- Due to these issues, ancient Greece never had a large population - no more than a few million
- These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand
- Greek City-States
- Due to Greece's geography, city-states developed instead of a unified country
- What is a city-state?
- Some were ruled by kings, others were ruled by small group of noble, landowning families, and others by a few powerful people
- Thirteen Olympian Greek gods
- Zeus
- King of gods, sky, thunder
- Hera
- Women, marriage
- Demeter
- Harvest, agriculture
- Poseidon
- Sea
- Athena
- Wisdom, courage, etc.
- Apollo
- Music, poetry, healing
- Artemis
- The hunt, wild animals, childbirth
- Aphrodite
- Love, beauty, pleasure
- Ares
- War
- Hermes
- Transitions and boundaries
- Hephaestus
- Blacksmith, craftsmen, artisans
- Hestia
- Hearth, home, domesticity, family
- Dionysus
- Vine, Grape Harvest, Wine-making, wine
- Zeus
- Ancient Olympics
- Records of Olympics date to 776 BC and lasted until 393 AD when the Romans ended them
- Lasted one day at first but eventually extended to five days
- Happened every four years - an Olympiad
- Started as a tribute to Zeus and has a mythological origin
- The modern Olympic Games started up again in 1896 in Athens, Greece
- The big competition at the games was the Pentathlon (Pente = 5) (Athlon = competition)
- 1. Long jump
- 2. Javelin
- 3. Discus
- 4. Stadion (Running) - 200 yards
- 5. Wrestling
- Modern vs Ancient Olympics
- Modern
- Both genders may compete
- We nominate for where we want the Olympics to be held
- Any nation may compete
- They don't compete in the nude
- Both
- Discus
- Javelin
- Wrestlin
- Ancient
- Only men may compete
- Olympics were only held in Greece
- Only people from Greece could compete
- Men competed nude in the Olympics to show their toughness and pride
- Modern
- Climate
- Temperature never got too cold (50-84 all year)
- Nice weather
- They did a lot of stuff outside
- Minoans and Mycenaens
- Mycenaean civilization where Greece is
- Minoan civilization was where Crete is
- Minoan Civilization
- 2000 - 1500 BC
- Heavily influenced by the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations
- Named after legendary Crete King Minos of Greek mythology
- Known for trade on the seas
- Due to its isolation on the island of Crete, generally peaceful
- Known for its advanced cities – Knossus
- Not overcrowded, had plumbing, had toilets, had sewers
- Women had much higher status than in earlier civilizations
- Known for their art and pottery
- Downfall of Minoans
- Around 1500 BC, the Minoan civilization ended abruptly
- Historians think it could have been an earthquake which leveled cities and their ships
- Video: tsunami caused by local volcano
- They could have been ran over by Mycenaeans
- Some historians think Minoa could have been Atlantis
- Continued notes above and vid
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