MONDAY
ANCIENT GREECE
2000BC- 300BC
How can geography play an important role in the development of a civilization?
Alexander the Great's Empire- Greece was very large
7 wonders of the ancient world
Hanging gardens of Babylon
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Tomb
Built by queen Artemisia as a tribute to her husband brother king Mausolus
Destroyed by earthquakes
The pyramids of Egypt
The lighthouse of Alexandria
World's first known lighthouse
Egypt is building an underwater museum
Colossus of Rhodes
Statue of Helios, greek titan god
Was made of bronze
Same size of statue of liberty
Lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake
Believed to have been melted down and sold
The temple/statue of Artemis
Goddess of Fertility
The temple was destroyed several times due to wars
Statue of Zeus at Mt. Olympia
Said to be made of gold and marble
Destroyed after be taken apart and moved
Geography
Small country in Europe
The main part of Greece in on Peninsula
Surrounded by Mediterranean sea, Aegean sea, Ionian sea
Rest of greece is made of 6000 islands (227 being inhabited)
Sea was important
Transportation
Fishing
Trade
defence
Do not live on the land but around the sea
Very mountainous- famous mountain: Mt. Olympus home of the greek gods
Apollo
Music, poetry
Artemis
Aphrodite
Ares
Hermes
Hephaestus
Hestia
Dionysus
3/4 is mountainous
Mountains- transportation over land was hard
Did not have fertile land for farming
Due to these issues, ancient Greece's never had a larger population- no more than a few million.
These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand (map on slide 3)
City State based instead of a unified country
Olympics
Dated to 776 BC and lasted 393 AD when the Romans ended them
Lated one day at first but eventually extended to five
Happened every four years- and Olympiad
Started as a tribute to Zeus and has a mythological origin
Where is they start back up again? 1869 in Athens
Ancient Olympics
The big competition at the games was the Pentathlon (pente-5)(athlon- competition)
Long jump
Javelin
Discus
Stadion- 200 yards
Wrestling
Greece’s average temperature was really nice and promoted them to be outdoors
Minoan Civilization
2000-1500 BC
Heavily influenced by Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations
Named after the legendary Crete King of Minos of Greek Mythology
Known for its trade on the seas
Due to its isolation on the island of Crete, generally peaceful
Known for pottery and art
Known for women having a much higher status than in earlier civilizations
Known for its advanced cities- Knossos
Not overcrowded, plumbing, toilets, sewers
Down fall- around 1500 BC, ended abruptly
Historians think it could have been an earthquake which leveled cities and their ships
Could have been overran by Mycenaeans
Some think Minoa could have been Atlantis
Plato-
Greek philosopher
Only known source discussing location of Atlantis
TUESDAY
Mycenaeans
Controlled the area around Greece from 1600 BC-1100 BC
Heavily influenced by the Minoans
Much more warlike than the Minoans (based on art)
Known fro their trade around the Mediterranean sea, Aegean Sea
Known fro their city-states: Athens, Mycenae, Pylos, Tiryns
Did unite (city-states) to fight the Trojan War against Troy
Fell apart due to wars and Sea People’s sacking their city-states
Eventually the Dorians came down from the north and took over Greece
Doorians
Came from the area north of Greece
Less advanced than the Mycenaeans
Trade and culture slowed
Greece went into a Dark Age
Homer
Was a greek epic poet 750-700 BC
Narrative poems celebrated heroic deeds
The Iliad was about the Trojan War
The Odyssey was a sequel that was after the Trojan War.
Trojan War- fought between Mycenaean Greeks and Troy
WEDNESDAY
Polis-
city
Acropolis-
A settlement in a city on higher ground used for defense and a place to discuss
Monarchy
Government ruled by one person-king, queen
Aristocracy
Government ruled by a small group of wealthy, landowning families
Oligarchy
A government ruled by powerful people
Tyrants
Powerful individuals who seize control from the government
Democracy
Ruled by the people
Athens had perhaps the world's first democracy
Only allowed citizens to participate
Women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens.
Education in Athens
Only sons of wealthy families
Started at age 7
Focus on developing good citizens
Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic and public speaking
Public debate and athletics were also stressed
Once older students went to military school
Girls were educated by their mothers in the home to do cleaning, cooking, child-rearing, etc.
Sparta
Very powerful and had its own army
Defeated the Messenians in 725 BC and in 650BE
Unlike Athens and other cities-states, it did not have democracy
Built a military state
Conquered other city states to gain wealth and power
Valued duty, strength and discipline over freedom, beauty and learning
Classes
Only men born in Sparta were citizens
Women were not allowed to become citizens
The second class in sparta were people who came from other city states or other countries
Third class were helots/slaves
Worked the fields or were servants
Spartan Warriors
Learning to read and write was not very important
Training to become good soldiers was stressed
Boys left home at 7 to become trained soldiers until they were 30
Women
Service to sparta was stressed (having kids)
Received some military training
Athletics were stressed
Had quite a bit of freedom in comparison to Athens
Could run family estates when husband was off at war.
THURSDAY- GREEK PROJECT WORK DAY
FRIDAY- GREEK PROJECT WORK DAY
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