Monday: 9/11/17
The Phoenicians
- Phoenician origination
- No on knows where they came from
- Greeks believed they came from Persian gulf, Indian ocean, and the Canaanities
- Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre sea conquerors created them
- Academics believe they existed prior to 1200 B.C.E
- Geography
- Independent city-states
- Stated through what is now Syria, Israel, and Lebanon in 600 B.C.
- Natural barriers (Mountains)
- Have the Lebanon Mountains
- Surrounded by the Syrian desert
- Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea
- Economy
- Based on trade
- Created the alphabet and purple dye which they used to trade
- Social Classes
- King
- Middle Class
- Slaves and servants
- Entertainment
- Types of dancing - Some celebrated a fertility ceremony
- Center of erotic dancing
- Art
- Started between 4th-19th centuries
- Best known for small decorative pieces
- Blended with surrounding cultures
- Created ivory panels for tombs, metal bowls, and colorful glass
- Architecture - Temples, rocks, and scupltures
- Art was used to communicate ideas
- Used bright colors and little detail
- Gender Roles
- Men ruled over women
- Men had the role of leading and being in charge
- In some rare cases, women ruled over men
- Religion
- They believed in many Gods (Known as Polytheism)
- Some of their major Gods included:
- Reshef - Fire and Lighting
- Dagon - Wheat
- Baal - War
George W. Bush 9/11 Interview Video
Tuesday: 9/12/17
- George W. Bush 9/11 Interview Video
Wednesday: 9/13/17
- My group (Old Kingdom Egypt) Presentation
Thursday: 9/14/17
The Babylonians
- Social Hiearchy
- Awilu
- Free people of the upper class
- Kings, richer people, etc
- Wardu
- Bottom class
- Slaves
- Prisoners of war
- Recruited from the Babylonian citizenry
- Free people could be reduced to slavery as a punishment
- Children and families were often sold as slaves in time of need
- Mushkenu
- Middle class people
- A free person of low estate
- Awilu
- Babylonian Jobs
- Brickmaker
- Bricklayer
- Baker
- Wine-maker
- Cook
- Farmer
- Musician
- Gardener
- Tax Collector
- Trade
- Trade was a huge part of their sociey
- Trade was the key to wealth
- By promoting trade, the king could tax people
- The trade routes had to be safe - They also had to be protected from bandits
- Large stable empires were good for trade
- One empire controlling the route meant there would be peace and security
- When trade routs weren't safe/secure, the trade would be discontinued
- Babylon was important in the Middle Eastern trade network
- Traders were taking exports out and bringing imports in
- Merchants were bringing goods from other places
- Political History
- King Hammurabi
- Reigned 1792BC - 1750B
- Monarchy government
- King ruled officials who were under him
- Hammurabi's rise to power started when his father King Sin-Muballit was forced out
- Code of Laws
- 282 laws
- If a doctor cured a person's injury, he was given more money the higher the person's social class was
- Guilty of violating the laws if you removed parts
- Such as tongue, hands, etc.
- Earliest example of "An eye for an eye"
- Punishment / retaliation for crime
- Wars
- Usually among their two closest neighbors
- Elam
- Assyria
- Captured the city Assyria
- Brought state of Marduk (God) to Assyria
- Recaptured statue
- This kept going for 10+ years
- Usually among their two closest neighbors
- Geography
- The city was put right between (almost dead center) the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
- The mountains surrounding the East and North sides of the plain were the Zagros chain and Kurdistan
- Syrian and Arabian deserts guard the west and south
- Climate
- Summer
- Hot
- Dry
- Winter
- Cold
- Wet
- Rivers flooded = Good for farming crops that need to be under water
- Summer
- King Hammurabi
9/15/17 : Back to Babylonian Presentation for Kendal's part
- Religion
- Had many Gods
- Anu - Main God - God of Sky
- Ea - God of Wisdom
- Enlil - Son of Anu (Main God) - God of fate and kingship
- The temple size depended on the importance of the God
- Tower of Babel
- Babylonians tried to reach Heaven by building a tower
- Used bricks - stones
- Used tar - mortar
- God mixed up their languages
- So they scattered over the world
- Babylonians tried to reach Heaven by building a tower
- Had many Gods
- Education
- Boys only
- Ages 8-9
- School was called a "tablet house"
- Copied tablets all day
- Wrote in Sumerian language
- Spoke Akkadian language
- Boys only
- Art
- Lion of Babylon
- Snake Dragon - Marduk
- Adobe (molded bricks)
- Structures built with:
- Stone (rare)
- Mud (common)
- Paintings represented:
- Mythological characters
- Sacrifices / offerings
- Fighting
- Hanging Garden of Babylon
- Terraces made of baked brick and asphalt
- Plants on terraces
- Nothing actually hangs like you think it would because of the name
- It is lost now today
- One of the 7 ancient wonders of the world
- Entertainment
- Hunted
- Threw lions in an arena
- Dogs led the king to the lions
- King would spear lions
- Boxing
- Wrestling
- Polo on shoulders
- Board games
- Children used minature weapons
- Festivals with singers and musicians
- Hunted
- Gender Roles (Women)
- Married
- Arranged by parents
- Had family
- Adultry
- Women and lover thrown into water if committed adultry
- If the husband wanted to save his wife, he had to save her lover also
- Prostitution
- They considered it a good thing
- Common
- Jobs
- Stayed home with children
- Some women traded things such as:
- Trade cloth
- Beer
- Food perfume
- Weaved and sold cloth
- Married
- Gender Roles (Men)
- Power over family
- Child's first error against father = Hand cut off
- Child's second error against father = Father could do whatever he wanted to the child
Crash Course Video on Mesopotamia
Shang Dynasty
- Political
- Monarchy government
- High official
- Usually family or relatives
- Warlord
- The people who rule the King/Empires lands
- Taxes
- Tax collectors go to lands and warlords to collect taxes
- Collect taxes in their territories
- Laws
- If children talked about to family, the child would be killed
- Used the death penalty
- History
- Leadership of Chang Tang
- Defeated King Jie of the Xia
- Shang Dynasty started in 1600 BC
- Shang and helpers went to people and tried to improve lives of the poor
- The poor received one piece of gold per month to afford to live and possibly buy children back that they had to sell to become slaves
- Shang dynasty was corrupted by King Di Xin
- Then that was overthrown by Wu of Zhou
Friday: 9/15/17
- Monday's test will be over Chapter 1 and Chapter 2
- Group verbal test
- Tuesday's test will be over group civilization presentations
- Group essay/short answer test
- 4 civilizations - Group's and the other 3
Shang Dynasty Continued
- Geography
- Natural borders
- Himalayas
- Pacific ocean
- Gobi desert
- Located within the yellow river valley
- Occupied during 2nd millennium B.C.
- Climate
- Mostly dry weather
- occasional monsoons due to wind circulating near Himalayas
- Natural borders
- Economic
- Bronze wares
- Agriculture
- Grew rice
- Corn
- Millet
- Wheat
- Started the trait of fishing
- Had well made woven silk
- Social
- How Dynasties were formed
- Ancient China was controlled by clans
- When a clan got strong enough, that clan became the ruling family
- Social classes (In order)
- Ruling class/nobles/warriors
- Artisans and traders (craft-workers)
- Made handicrafts such as
- Fine jade carvings
- Silk products
- Embroidery
- Chinaware
- Lacquered objects
- Made handicrafts such as
- Farmers
- Grew crops such as
- Rice
- Wheat
- Millet
- Corn
- Grew crops such as
- Slaves
- Did whatever their owners said
- Those who worked for the emperor got the worst treatment
- How Dynasties were formed
- Advancements
- Developed a refined writing system
- Had 2000 symbols
- Sometimes wrote on backs of turtles - this told them their fortune
- Began to use horse-drawn chariots
- Created a 12 month calender
- Had 365 and 1/4 days
- Based on the moon's cycles
- Mass production of bronze, silk, and jade
- Developed the decimal system
- Developed a refined writing system
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