Monday -
- Started presentations
- The Phoenicians
- Origination
- not sure where came from
- Greeks believed - from Persian gulf and Indian Ocean and from Canaanites
- Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre sea conquerors created them
- Academics believe they existed prior to 1200 B.C.E.
- Geography
- Independent city-states
- Started through what is now Syria, Israel, and Lebanon in 600 B.C.
- Natural barriers (mountains)
- Lebanon mountains
- Surrounded by Syrian desert
- Surrounded by Mediterranean sea
- Economy
- Trade dye and colorful beads
- Social classes
- King
- Middle Class
- Slaves and Servants
- Social
- Entertainment
- Types of dancing (center of "erotic" dancing - fertility celebration)
- Art
- 4th-19th centuries
- Best known for small decorative pieces
- Blended with surrounding cultures
- Ivory panels
- Metal bowls
- Colorful glass
- Architecture
- Was used to communicate ideas
- Bright colors
- Little detail
- Gender roles
- Men ruled over women
- Men had role of leading and being in charge
- Rare cases - women rule over men (if man was sick or something)
- Religion
- many gods (polytheism)
- Reshef - fire and lightening
- Dagon - wheat (invented plow)
- Baal - war
- many gods (polytheism)
- Entertainment
- Origination
- Video
Tuesday and Wednesday -
- 9-11 video and presented
Thursday -
- Babylonians
- Religion
- Many gods
- anu: main god (god of sky)
- Ea: wisdom
- Enil: fate and kingship
- Temple size = importance of god
- Tower of Babel
- Tried to reach heaven
- Bricks and tar
- Languages mixed up
- Scattered over world
- Tried to reach heaven
- Many gods
- Education
- Boys only ages 8-9
- Tablet house
- Copied tablets
- write in sumerian
- speak in Akkadian langauge
- Art
- Structures built with stone (rare) and mud (common
- Paintings represented mythological characters, sacrifices/offerings, fighting
- Hanging Garden of Babylon
- Terraces made of baked brick and asphalt
- Plants on terraces
- Didn't actually hang
- Entertainment
- Hunted
- Threw lions in pit and king would spear lion
- Boxing and wrestling
- Polo on shoulders
- Polo with people
- Board games
- Children - miniature weapons
- Festivals with singers and musicians
- Hunted
- Gender roles (women)
- Married (arranged by parents) and had family
- Adultry
- Wife and cheater thrown in water
- Husband could save wife but if he saves her he has to save him
- Prostitution was common and wasn't considered a bad thing
- Jobs
- Stay home with children
- Trade cloth, beer, food, perfume
- Weaving and selling cloth
- Gender roles (men)
- Power of family
- Did whatever they wanted to wives
- 1st error against father = hand cut off
- 2nd error against father = he could do whatever he wanted
- Religion
- Social Hierarchy
- Awilu
- Free person of upper class (king/richer people)
- Wardu
- Slave
- Prisoners of war
- Recruited from Babylonian citizenry
- Free people could be reduced to slavery as punishment
- Children and family were often sold as slave in time of need
- Mushkenu (middle class)
- Free person of low estate
- Awilu
- Jobs
- Brickmaker
- Bricklayer
- Baker
- Wine-maker
- Cook
- Farmer
- Musician
- Gardener
- Tax collector
- Trade
- Key to wealth
- Promoted trade so king could tax people
- Trade routes had to be safe - protected from bandits
- Large stable empires were good for trade
- one empire controlling the route meant there would be peace and security
- When routes weren't safe - discontined
- Babylon was important in Middle Eastern trade network
- Traders taking exports out and bring imports in
- Merchants were bringing goods from other places (homemade things)
- Silk road - trade route
- Key to wealth
- Political history
- King Hammurabi (reigned from 1792 - 1750 BC)
- Rose to power (Sing Sin-Muballit forced out)
- Rise of King Hammurabi
- Gov type - monarchy
- King ruled officials (under)
- King Hammurabi (reigned from 1792 - 1750 BC)
- Laws
- Code of laws - 282 laws
- 1. Doc cured person of injury - more coins for more class
- Killed - extremities cut
- Guilty - removed tongue, hands, etc (Hammurabi's code)
- "Eye for an eye" - if someone did something to you, you could do something back
- 1. Doc cured person of injury - more coins for more class
- Code of laws - 282 laws
- Wars fought
- 2 closest neighbors
- Elam and Assyria
- Assyria captured city and took statue of Marduk (their god)
- Recaptured statue
- Kept going for 10+ years
- 2 closest neighbors
- Geography
- put right in between Tigris and Euphrates rivers
- Mountains surround East and North sides of plain (Zagros chain and Kurdistan)
- Syrian and Arabian deserts guard the west and south
- Climate
- Summer - hot and dry
- Rivers would flood
- Good for farming
- Winter - cold and wet
- Summer - hot and dry
- Social Hierarchy
- Shang
- Political
- Monarchy
- High official - king family
- Warlord - king send out to protect
- Taxes - collect taxes around the land to protect
- Laws
- Younger sibling talked back to older sibling - killed
- Ancient law - all family killed if someone commits crime
- History
- Chang Tang - first king
- Defeat King Jie of Xia
- Shang started 1600 BC
- Shang worked with people to try to improve economy
- Social program for poor - gold once a week or month to get back kids from slavery
- Falls because corrupt King Di Xin
- Overthrown by Wu of Zhou
- Geography
- Natural borders - Himalayas, Pacific ocean and Gobi desert
- Located within Yellow River valley
- Occupied area for 2nd millennium B.C.
- Climate - dry weather with occasional monsoons due to wind circulation near Himilayas
- Economy
- Bronze wares to sell and trade
- Agriculture
- Rice
- Corn
- Millet
- Wheat
- Woven silk to trade
- Social
- Dynasties formed
- Ancient China controlled by clans
- Clan got strong - clan became ruling family (Dynasty)
- Social classes
- Ruling class/warriors
- Artisans and traders - made hand crafts such as fine jade carvings, silk products, embroidery, chinaware, and lacquered objects
- Farmers - grew rice, wheat, millet, and corn
- Slaves - did what owner said and those who worked for emperor got the worst treatment
- Religion
- Believed in many gods and spirits as a part of nature
- gods controlled everything
- called ancestors to help them influence the gods
- led to ancestor worship
- made sacrifices to gods so they were pleased
- Dynasties formed
- Advancements
- Developed writing system with over 2000 symbols
- use horse-drawn chariots
- 12 month calander with 365 days and 1/4 days based on moon
- mass production of bronze, silk, and jade
- developed the decimal system
- Political
Friday -
- Test on Monday - Chapter 1 and 2 - group verbal
- Test on Tuesday - Presentations - group essay
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