MONDAY- NO SCHOOL
Zho Dyansty
1045
Wen Wang planned the overthrow of the Shang Dynasty
Wens son Wu
Religion
Confucianism- A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius
Kindness, mutual respect, appreciation for character virtues, belief that society can flourish only when people learn to interact positively with each other
Taoism- A chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu advocating humility and religious piety.
Yin and Yang, Live life and discover who you are.
Geography
Gobi Desert- North
Plateau of Tibet
Huang He (yellow river)
Education
Village school- Local school
Divided into 4 levels
State School
Children of nobility
Higher- level college and elementary school
Art
Bronze casting
Jade carving
Encouraged the growth of new visual arts like goldsmithing.....
Entertainment
Music, dance, kites, board and card games, literature
Four Occupations
The Nong- Peasant farmers, produced food that was essential to life, taxpayers and landlords, families produced soldiers
The Gond- Artisans and craftsmen, produced essential goods, didn’t provide that state with much revenue, most worked independently, some fro government
The Shang- Lowly merchants, didn’t produce anything, depended on others for profit, see as lowly because of lack of hard work.
Women and Children
Were see as less important as men
Jobs included
Cleaning
Cooking
Raising children
Weaving textiles out of their home
.....
Technology
Perfection of the calendar
Recording of irregular astronomical events
First geographical maps
Discovering of magnetism
Ploughing methods
Use of fertilizers and pesticides
Descriptions of healing methods like acupuncture
War
Spring and Autumn Period 772-467 BCE
Time of violences and social issues
Included battles, assassinations, civil wars and other discrepancies throughout the ruling
Overall a lot of war
Gender Roles
Women's roles were dominated by 3 obediences and 4 virtues
Obediences
Father before marriage
Husband after marriage
Son after husband's death
Virtues
Morality
Proper speech
Modest Manner
Diligent work
Political involvement
Zhou Dynasty introduced the Mandate of Heaven
Thought took orders directly from the god from above
If natural disasters, famine and other bad things happen then it is time to overthrow the new dynasty and have a new
Feudal System
Similar to the middle age in Europe
System
King
3 Dukes (Grands)- Very Honorable and granted to very few lords
Grand Preceptor, Grand Mentor, and Grand Guardian
3 Lieutenants to three Grands (knights)
Peasants and common people
Advancements
Iron- Could be used by farmers because it was much easier to make
Roads and canals
Metal coins- improved trade
Came to an End in 256 BCE
Ended during the Warring States in 256 BCE
Army of the state Quin invaded and took over Chengzhou
Ened the Shou dynasty by killing King Nan the last ruler of Zhou
Zhou was going to get divided into the states of Qin, Qi, and Chu
Qin conquered and unified China.
Phoenicians- Molly, Lexie, Perrie, Delaney
Political- City State- A city that is a country
Came to power in 2750 BC
Founding of Tyre
813 BE
Carthage
When did the Lose power
146 BC- Fall of carthage
Greeks or Romans destroyed area
Turks captured
1516 AD
Goverment
Kingship, rolyal houses claimed divine descent
Limited power, powerful merchant familes
Council of elders
Law
Most advanced code of law
Destroyed when taken over
Admiralty law/?
War
Punic Wars with Carthage
Rome and Carthage
Series of 3 wars
3rd War
Carthage was destroyed by Rome
Economy
Very diversified and complex
Relied heavily on trade
Trading
Merchandising
Social Classes
King
Social class
Middle class- farmers and fisherman
Working class- Servants and slaves
Geography
The base are is where Syria, Lebanon, Israel are today
Their control went all across the Mediterranean Sea
Live on the east end of the Mediterranean
“The Sea People”
Where is it
Arond a lot of forest and woods
Natural Barriers
Lived on a strip of fertile land between the mediterranean and the Lebanon mountians
Divided into city states
Cities were usally built on islands of the coas
Entertainment
Music
Hymn to the Moon Goddess, Nikkal
PlayedHarp
Religion
Very important
Manty gods had temples built in their name. Offering and sacifices were regularly made. Their religoun would envolve by their greatest colony- Carthage
The kids of Sidon were called priests of Astarte
The Phoenician priest was Sanchuiathon from Berytus.......
Main god
Astarte
Main City?????
Sidon
Astate
2nd most important God
Eshmun
3rd most important
God of healing
WEDNESDAY -
Worshiped at natural sites if no tempels
Prayers
Burning incense
Pouring of libations
Making offerings to the gods of animal sacifices, foodstuffs and precious goods
Women would put prostitute themselves in honour of Astarte
At times of danger human sacrificecs (often children) were made
Funerals included embalming or public ceremonies and feasts
Some inscriptions in tombs call for the dead not to be disturbed and that there was an underworld for the ones who did not live a reliougs/ spirtial life
Language
Used a semitic language (hebrew, arabic and aramaic
Canaanite language
Through Syria and Egypt and others
Byblos spoke Giblite (from of Phoenician)
Not much of their text survived except fragments
In mesophotamia the Sumerians drew signs/ pictographic with a wedge syaped stylus aka “cuneiform script”
Alphabet
The proto-canaanite inscriptions are very close to the egyptians one
Art-
Small decorative items
Gender roles
Women had more freedom
Could divorce and get their things back
Many prostitutes
Low jobs like weaving textiles and wore/ covered by many fabrics and cloths
They had little or no say in the government
SUMERIANS
Economy
Reliant on agriculture
Majorly influenced by technological advances
Lots of trading of goods
Jobs
Pottery makers, stone cuttesr, bricklayers, metalsmiths, farmers, fisherman
Jobs scaled with social clases
Women has less important jobs and ones similar to peasants.
Social classes
King-owns all the land and trades it to his people in order for their loyalty and protection.
Merchants and skilled workers and traders
Bottom was slaves and peasants
Social
Religion
Created around nature and its aspects
Nature was worshiped in its original forms but later they became associated with human forms
This turned from nating being gods to gods being in control of nature
This eventually turned to city states being associated with gods.
Education
Took place in a temple with the teacher being a priest
Most of the children in school came from wealthy families and were almost all male
Days lasted from sun up to sun down
Based on writing not math.
Good work was praised and bad work you were be punished by being hit with a stick or a cane
Art
Most was made of clay (common resource in western Asia)
Many statues of their gods and their relationships with nature and animals
People began to carve cylinder seals
Used a piece of rock or clay and carve unique marks into to it would be very difficult to copy
Entertainment
music festivals, sports like boxing and wrestling, board games, and toys like jump ropes and tops
Alos began writing poetry and creating art
Gender Roles of
Women
Depended on social class
Lower class took care of children and household
Middle class could sell goods and open a tavern with husbands permission
High class like priestesses were given some authority and could own property and attend legal matters without their husbands
Men
Dependent on social class
Wealth men were rulers, lawmakers, and priests
Middle class most farmers and traders
Lowest class were slaves and had no say in any orders
Politics
Rulers
18 major cities
There was a second early synastic period from 2800-2600 BC and included the king Gligamesha and there was lots of war
Next was early dynastic period 3a.....
After this time the empire was taken over by the Akkadian empire
Lugal-Zage-Si was the last......
Functinoed as independent staes but often under one king
Ruled as one starting in the early dynastic period from 2900-2800 BS
The earliest king authenticated with archaeology is Enmebaragesi of Kish who ruled in the 26th centry BC
Organized by city states
Ruled by a king
More formal political structure
Govt. regulated religion
Court system
Class system
City States- 18 major city states
Before 3000 BC they had their own rules
Kings fighting all the time for control
They were not able to defend themselves from Akkadians who took them over in 2334 BC
THURSDAY
Geography
Located in the most southern part of Mesopotamia. What is now southern Iraq
Directly.....
Lacked natural barriers
Very vulnerable
Natural disasters and wild animals
Arabian desert to the west and Zagros mountains to the east
Land type
Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Land next to these rivers was very fertile
Advancements
Wheel
Cuneiform writing system
Concept of dividing the hour into 60 min and the minute into 60 seconds
Military formation
First astronomers
First to mix copper and bronze
ASSYRIAN-
Geography
Northern parts of Mesopotamia/ Iraq
Tigris and Euphrates rivers
North and east parts were Taurus and Zagros mountains
Soil was very rich
Econmic
Mostly farmers and herders
Kept to them selfs
On major trade route
Not a lot of trading, very self reliant
Would only traded with surrounding villages if necessary for survival
Established a tax for states and provinces
Mainly on the Tigris river in small villages that had great irrigation systems
Immigrants would flood in causing the boundaries to grow which allowed for Forestry and mining
Political
4500-2400 BC
First society to make militarism a central policy
Ladders
Archers
Trade begins, wealth and stability
Hurrians and Hatti hold dominance in Anatolia, Ashur and North Mesopotamia
Shamshi Adad I drives Amorites and Takes over
Control major trade routes
Assur, Nineveh and Arbel unite
Government
Monarchy led by a king
Independent States- own ruler
Tax system- destroy villages
The fall- Over expansion- In 612 BC medes and Chaldeans join together to overthrow Assyrian rule- burn down Nineveh
2nd Rise
33 AD after the crucifixion Assyrians converted to Christianity
Religious empire
Translations from Greek
Science, philosophy and Med
First ever university- School of Nisibis
630 AD- Arbs sweep the Middle East
Timurlan the Mongol ends Assyrian Empire
Education
Aimed towards the upper classes
Priest and scribes
Wealthy
boys
Religion
Ashurism
Christianity
Art
Wall drawings
War
Hunting
Sculptures
Leaders
Entertainment
Music
Sports- boxing
Games- board games
Gender Roles
Women
Stay at home task
provide
Men
Work
Farm
Leather producer
Brick makers
Carpentry
HARAPPANS
From around 300-1500 BC
Economy
Very wealthy
Used gold instruments studded with jewels
Copper silver and gold from nilgiri region
Trade link western asia
Social Class
Varna system
Brahmin- king/ priest
Kshatriyas- warriors and Aristocrats
Vaishya- Cultivators, artisans, and merchants
Shudra- peasants and servants
Geography
Province of pakistan
Indus valley civilization was a bronze age of civilization
o
Surrounded by high mountains
Deserts
Ocean
Dense forest and swamps to the east
Mountains
Along the ocean or river
Farming
First farmer to take water from wells
Grew wheat and grains
Animals- cows, goats and sheep
Natural Resources
Fresh water and timber
Gold, silver, stones, semi- precious stones
fish
Granary
Found on mound F
Brick structure that was built on a massive prick foundation over 45 meters north and 45 meters east- west
Used as homes
Burial
Placed inside a wooden coffin
Jewelry
Grave robbers
Infant dies they are buried underneath their mother
Education
Oral and all the writing was on bark and leaves
Wife would teach in the house and religion
Hown writing
Language
Pictographic script
Carved into stone
Religion
Female gods-
Mother goddess- Sakti
Siva
Figure of a deity with three faces
Buddhism
Hinduism
Most popular
Believed in one person
Temple rituals and ritual bathing in the “great bath”
Believes in karma
Political System
Existed around 3000-1500 BC
Agricultural and mercantile (trade) community
farm and trade
Tech
Architecture
Gender equality
Religion
Burials
Relative peace
Downfall
Believed to have been steady
Fell off instantly once taken over by a civilization of “Pantheistic Indo-Europeans” known as Aryans.....
Made their money from trade routes to western Asia that
Largest city was Mohenjo-Daro
Lacked societal borders
Believed it was religion ran (pagan religion was popular)
Art
Pottery working
Weaving
Jewelry
Metal work
Statues of girls are believed to be gods
They also played many instruments like the Tambora
Entertainment
Children
Small whistles
Small carts
A monkey that could slide down a string
Adults
Dancing
pool
“The Great Bath”
Called the earliest public water tank of the ancient world
Clothing
Colorful robes
Jewelry and lipstick
Gender roles
Men
Superior- worked
Women
Clean
Cook
nurse
Children
Obey and respect parents
BABALON
GEOGRAPHY
Advances
Started documenting medical history
Zodiac (depending on when you were born you would have a different symbol that represents your personality)
Glazed bricks to decorate
Seeder Plow- allowed farmers to plant and plow at same time
Architectural designs- dome column and acr
Transportation- used wind for sailing
Social class
Kings
Nobel's, birth right and political status
Priests, sacred rituals , contact with gods
Soldiers, sickle swords
Slaves and serfs
Jobs
Brickmaker
Smith
Carpenter
Wheelwright
Exorcist
Currency and Trade
Carley preceded silver
One shekel of silver=180 grains of barley
Power of gold
Exports- grains oils and textiles
Imports- timber, wine and precious metals
Hanging Gardens
Seven wonders of the ancient world
75 feet tall
Nebuchadnezzar ii
Politics (symbol was a lion)
Monarchy ruled by a king
Below the king were the nobel men and helped the king
Many great kings throughout
Nebuchadnezzar- did not really do anything important
Nebuchadnezar ii- exspanded the empire
Alexzander the Great- did important things in war times
War fair- war based
Many of their fighting took place with charorts and horse back
Great king Hemeroby
He was a very cruel king
Made set of laws (hemeroby)
Whatever you did there was a just punishment. (steel your hands were cut off)
Property rights
Largest law type book found in ancient history
Centered around religion
Believed in many gods
Religion
Influenced by the Sumerians
Gods represented different elements or aspects of the world
Deities
Ashur...... god of wind
Anu- heaven
Education
Consisted of becoming a scribes
Education started at 8 or 9
Mostly men but some women
Gender roles
Women- Wives mothers, housekeepers
Men- Kings, farmers, fathers, warriors, building
Art
Grand
Rivaled egypt
Entertainment
Kings- big game hunting
Hold banquets
Musicians
Boxing
Board games
Thursday- Presentations
Friday- Presentations
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