Week of October 3-7

[5Nicole]

Monday- notes

Tuesday- notes

Wednesday- notes

Thursday- livestock judging

Friday- notes

Persian Wars (greco-Persian 499-449 BC)

• Fought between the Persian Empire and Greek city states (athens, Sparta, Thebes, etc.)
• Problems started when the Persian

Ionian Revolt

• Ionians (greeks) led revolt against the Persians after Cyrus the Great died
• Ionians Revolt was led by Athenian General Miltiades
• Ioonia asked Athens to help them which they did
• Darius quickly suppresses the Ionian Revolt but is very angry at the Greeks
• Darius to the Great vowed to burn Athens to the ground before he died

Miltiades Escape

• escapes back to Athens and tells the Athenians that the Persians are coming to burn Athens
• This sets up the beginning of the Great Persian War

Ancient Greece vs PErsia

• Persia was the largest empire in the world the time and consisted of millions of people
• Ancient Greece was about 500,000 total people

Athens and Sparta had been fighting for hundreds of years

They now fought not for each other but for Greece

Battle of Marathon 490 BC

25,00 Persians 10,000 Athenians

How did Athenians win

•  the Phalanx
• Persians were lightly armored and not prepared
• Pheidippides
  • after the battle ended he ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory over Persia
  • Guess how many miles it was from Marathon to Athens

Battle of Thermopylae 48- BC

• ten years after the Battle of Marathon, Persia once again invaded Greece
• Darius the Great's son Xerxes made it a goal to destroy Athens
• Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae but not before the Spartan soldiers held out for days allowing many Greek troops to retreat 

Battle of Salamis

• at the naval Battle of Salamis the Greeks destroyed the Persian  navy
• Persians were never the same after that and were eventually driven out of Greece
• After the Persian Wars the Dalian League was established setting up and alliance between the Greek city-states
• Starting around 470 BC, Greece, and Athens specifically entered a golden age

GOlden Age of Athens

• 477-431 BC
• Came about after Greece defeated the Persians 
• Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture and science flourished
• Age of Pericles
  • Led the Athens in the Peloponnesians war
  • Pericles Plan for Athen
    • Stronger Democracy
    • increased the number of paid government jobs which benefited people were not wealthy
• Direct Democracy
  • citizens rule directly and not through elected representatives
• Strengthen the Empire
  • Help establish and eventually led the Delian League after the Persian Wars
    • Alliance of Greek city-states
  • Grew Athens navy
  • Started dominating other city states which led to conflicts
• Glorify Athens
  • Used money from the Delian League to buy gold, marble, and ivory to build
  • Used money to hire artists, architects and workers to build buildings and sculptures
  • Phidias was hired to build the Parthenon
  • Greek sculptors focused on beauty not realism
  • Classical art focused on simplicity and being well proportioned
• Greek Drama
  • Tragedy 
    • was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war or betrayal
    • The hero usually was an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities
    • Tragic flaw usually caused the hero's downfall usually exessive pride
  • Comedy
    • filled with humor
    • playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time 
    • Aristophanes was a famous writer or comedies
    • Fact that Athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom that existed in democratic Athens
• Started the Subject History
  • Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events
  • Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situations recur over time
  • Studying those events and situations would aid i understanding the present
  • Approaches Thucydides used in his work still guide historians today
• Peloponnese War 431-404 BC
  • Fought between Athens and Sparta
  • Came about as a result of Sparta not liking Athens growth of wealth and power in the area
  • Athens was acting like a bully 
  • Sparta had a better army Athens had a better navy
  • With the help of a plague that hit Athens Sparta eventually won
• King Phillip ll of Macedon 382-336 BC
  • Goal was to take over all of Greece and then to get revenge by taking over the Persian Empire
  • Became King of Macedon in 359 BC
• Macedonians 
  • lived in mountain village not city states
  • considered themselves to be Greek but were looked down upon by City-states
  • Phillip ll built up his military and eventually defeated the Greek City States
  • Used the phalanx an cavalry to great effect
• Alexander ll of Macedone 
  • Took over his father Phillip
  • His dad was assassinated at his daughter's wedding by a former bodyguard(Pausanias)
  • Was in power for 13 years before he died of sickness
  • Ruled Greece
  • very educated bu Aristotle
  • He was in the front taking hits on the front line with his men
  • Eliminated his opponents from their throne
• Search for Power
  • Greek cities- Antoninus
  • Egypt- Ptolemy
  • Former Persian Empire- Seleucus
  • Leaders all ruled with absolute power
• Spread of Hellenistic Culture
  • culture diffusion
  • Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian Cultures mixed
  • Language- Koine
  • Trade 
  • Cities
  • Science and Technology
  • Philosophy, art, and architecture
• Lighthouse- trading center
• Astronomy
• Mathematics
  • Euclid established geometry
  • Archimedes estimated the value of pi and the law of the lever