Monday: October 2nd
- Plato
- Greek philosopher
- Only known source discussing location of Atlantis
- Most people say that Atlantis is a myth
- Atlantis has elements that people love to fantasize about
- Mycenaeans
- Controlled the area around Greece from 1600BC - 1100BC
- Heavily influenced by the Minoans
- Much more war (Like Minoans)
- Based on art
- Known for their trade around the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea
- No money exchanged
- Traded their olive oil, scented oils and wine for gold, ivory, copper, and glass
- Known for their piracy on the seas surrounding Greece
- Piracy = Stealing items from others' boats
- Known for their city-states
- Athens
- Mycenae
- Pylos
- Tiryns
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- Historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united
- Believed that they weren't because of the distance in between
- Mycenaeans did unite to fight the Trojan War against Troy
- The Mycenaens fell apart due to wars and the Sea Peoples sacking their city-states
- Eventually the Dorians came down from the north and took over Greece
- Historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united
- Mycenaeans Video
Tuesday: October 3rd
- Dorians: 1150 - 750BC
- Came from the area north of Greece
- Less advanced than the mycenaeans
- Trade and culture slowed
- Greece went into a dark age
- Homer
- Was a Greek epic poet
- From 750 - 700BC
- Narrative poems
- Celebrated heroic deeds
- The lliad was about the Trojan War
- Trojan War
- Fought between Mycenaen Greeks and Troy
- Last from 1194 - 1184BC
- Most people say it is a myth
- War began after the abduction of Queen Helen of Sparta by the Trojan prince, Paris
- Helen's husband, Menelaus, convinced his brother Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, to lead an expedition to get her back
- Agamemnon was joined by the Greek heroes Achilles and Odysseus
- They crossed the Aegean Sea and laid siege to Troy
- Demanded Helen's return
- Chapter 5.2 - Warring City States
- Greek City-States: Athens/Sparta
- Polis
- City - Minneapolis, Indianapolis
- Acropolis
- A settlement in a city on higher ground used for defense and a place to discuss politics
- Polis
- Types of Government in City-States
- Monarchy
- Government ruled by one person- King, queen
- Aristocracy
- Government ruled by a small group of wealthy, landowning families
- Oligarchy
- A government ruled by a few powerful people
- Tyrants
- Powerful individuals who seize control from the government
- Could be good or bad
- Today we see tyranny as a bad thing
- Democracy
- Rule by the people
- Athens had perhaps the world's first democracy
- Only allowed citizens to participate
- Women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens
- Only allowed citizens to participate
- Monarchy
- Military State
- A state that bases its economic model on the sustainment of its armed forces
- Helot
- A peasant bound to the land
- Phalanx
- A military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields
- Persian Wars
- A series of wars in the fifth century B.C., in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire
- Greek City-States: Athens/Sparta
- Education in Athens
- Only for the sons of wealthy families
- Started at age 7 and focused on developing good citizens
- Studied:
- Reading
- Grammar
- Poetry
- History
- Math
- Music
- Logic
- Public speaking
- Public debate and athletics were also stressed
- Once older, students went to military school
- Girls were educated by their mothers in the home to do cleaning, cooking, child-rearing, etc.
- A few did learn to read or write, but not very many
- Greek City-State Sparta
- Sparta was very powerful and had its own army
- Defeated the Messenians in 725 BC and in 650 BC
- Unlike Athens and other city-states, it did not have democracy
- Built a military state
- Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power
- Valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, beauty, and learning
- Athens wanted boys to become good citizens while Sparta wanted their boys to become soldiers
- Sparta was very powerful and had its own army
- Spartan Classes
- Only men born in Sparta were citizens
- Women were not allowed to become citizens
- The second class in Sparta were people who come from other city-states or other countries
- They could own businesses, but not become citizens
- The third class were helots/slaves
- Worked the fields or were servants
- Spartan Warriors
- Learning to read and write in Sparta was not very imporant
- Training to become a good soldier was stressed
- Young boys left home at 7 and trained to be soldiers until they were 30
- Athletics was also stressed
Wednesday: October 4th
- Spartan Women
- Service to Sparta was stressed
- Life revolved around being a Spartan
- Received some military training
- Athletics were stressed
- Had quite a bit of freedom in comparison to Athens
- Could run family estates when husband was off at war
- Service to Sparta was stressed
- Phalanx Military Formation Video
- Sparta vs Athens video
- Persian Wars (Greco-Persian): 499 - 449BC
- Fought between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states (Athens, Sparta, Thebes, etc.)
- Problems started when Persian leader Cyrus the Great took over Ionia in Greece in 546BC
- Ionian Revolt: 499 - 493BC
- The Ionians (Greeks) led a revolt against the Persians after Cyrus the Great did
- The Ionian Revolt was led by Athenian General Miltiades
- Ionia asked Athens to help them, which they did
- Darius, Persian ruler, quickly suppresses the Ionian Revolt but is very angry at the Greeks
- Darius the Great vowed to burn Athens to the ground before he died
- Miltiades Escapes
- Miltiades escapes back to Athens and tells the Athenians that the Persians are coming to burn Athens
- This sets up the beginning of the Great Persian War
- Ancient Greece vs. Civilization of Persia
- Persia was the largest empire in the world at the time and consisted of millions of people
- Ancient Greece was about 500,000 total people
- It was truly a David vs. Goliath battle
- Big guy (Goliath) should easily win but David wins
- Greece wins
- Athens & Sparta United
- Athens & Sparta had been fighting for hundreds of years
- They now fought not for Athens or for Sparta, but for Greece
- Battle of Marathon: 490 BC
- 25,000 Persians
- 10,000 Athenians (with Spartans)
- Greeks won
- How did the Athenians win?
- The Phalanax
- The Persians were lightly armored and nor prepared
Thursday: October 5th
Pheidippides
After the battle ended, he ran from marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory over persia
Guess how many miles it was from marathon to Athens?
- 26
Battle of Thermopylae
Ten years after the battle of marathon, persia once again invaded greece
Darius the great's son, Xerxes, made it a goal to destroy Athens
The persians won the battle of thermopylae but not before the spartan soldiers held out for days allowing many greek troops to retreat
The movie 300 is based on this battle
Battle of Salamis
At the naval battle of Salamis, the Greeks destroyed the persian navy
The Persians were never the same after that and were eventually driven out of Greece
After the Persian wars, the Delian League was established setting up an alliance between the Greek city-states
Starting around 470 BC, Greece, and Athens specifically, entered a golden age
Greek gods
- Any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force
Titan
- Any of a family of giants in greek mythology born of Uranus and Gaea and ruling the earth until overthrown by the olympian gods
Heros
- Men or women of special strength, courage, or ability
Myth
- A traditional or legendary story, usually with a being, hero, or event and connected to religion
Creatures
- An imaginary being of myth or fable; a monster; an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts
Greek gods, titans, heros, myths, and creatures project
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