Monday: Today the presentations over chapter 9 started.
Tuesday: Had no history today, because we had the ITED test.
Wednesday: Today we worked on our key questions for chapter 9. On the bottom of my blog post are the answers to the key questions.
Thursday: We worked again on our key questions. As you can see at the bottom of my blog post.
Friday: No school
Ch. 9.1
-Define the Progressive Era, why it started and it goals.
The Progressive Era was when people had to fix economic opportunities and correct injustices in life.
Goals of the Progressive Era were to.
1. Protect Social Welfare
- Set up settlement houses for poor.
- Opened libraries.
- Sponsored education classes.
- Opened swimming pools.
- Set up soup kitchens.
- Slum brigades- teach immigrants.
2. Promoting Moral Improvement
- Prohibition
- Carrie Nation
-Woman's Christian Temperance Union
What did these women's do?
-Entered saloons and protested
-Would sing and pray in saloons.
-Urged bartenders to quit selling liquor
- Why ban alcohol?
- Women's Suffrage
3. Creating Economic Reform
- There was a major unbalanced in income and how people lived
- Many turned to socialism
- Regulation of railroads
- Regulation of business (Sherman Act)
- Child labor laws
- Women and men working hours reduced
- Workmen's compensation.
4. Fostering efficiency
- Scientific management to increase efficiency was used in factories
- Frederick Taylor- Time Management studies
- Assembly line
- Henry Ford paid workers $5 a day!!
- Progressives also worked for better efficiency in all levels of government
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?
- The prohibition was national banning of the sale, transportation, importation and production of alcohol
- People wanted the prohibition because he consumption of alcohol lead to lots of fighting addiction being irresponsible, also because a lot of people thought of it as a sin.
- Some ways people fought it were, walking into bars and destroying bottles of alcohol, they stopped buying alcohol so business production went down.
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.
- Salvation Army fed poor people with soup kitchens, helped take care of babies and kids in nurseries.
- YMCA- Opened libraries, sponsored classes, built places like parks and swimming pools for people to use.
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?
- Economic system were anyone is more equal.
- Government owns and controls business's
- Elimination of private property everyone is equal
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?
- Muckrakers played a big role in bringing reform
- Investigate journalists
- Exposed the problems of society
- Upton Sinclair The Jungle meatpacking
- Ida Tarbell -Exposed the ruthless methods of Standard oil company
- Lincoln Steffens exposed corruption in gov't
-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?
- Better pay- so that they don't lose workers
- better workplace- so the workers don't get sick or hurt
- ten hour days- instead or working long hour day
- assembly line
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?
- Cleaner work areas
- vents for fumes
- ended young children working in factories
-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?
Children would get seriously injured on the job and they couldn't work any more or they could be hospitalized for the rest or their life
-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?
The supreme court declared the act unconstitutional due interference with states rights to regulate labor. Succeed in nearly every state by affecting legislation that banned child labor and set maximum hours.
-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?
Over 3000 or Carnegie workers went on strike but were killed private detectives hired by a man that worked for Carnegie named Frick. Carnegie was away at the time but when he came back he fired Frick.
-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?
- Direct election senators
- People vote
- Presidents became more progressive
- Economy
- States adopt secret ballot
- Direct primary
- Initiative a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers (allowed people to start)
- Referendum when voters accept or reject the initiative (bill) (allows people to vote)
- Recall- enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions.
-What did the 17th Amendment do?
It allowed people of the states to elect their own senators.
Charles Grassley-R
Joni Ernst-R
Ch. 9.2
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.
- Middle class women were generally to devote their time.
- 19th century Middle and upper class could afford so.
- Poor had the choice and had to work for wages outside the home.
Farm women:
Working outside they also had to cook, laundry and making clothes
also had to work outside (raising livestock, plow, plant the fields and harvest)
Industry women:
- Better paying.
- Women have started to work in offices, stores and classrooms.
- More women were graduating in high school by 1890.
Domestic workers:
Women without formal work education worked for other families (cooking cleaning)
- Many more women were getting an education
- Many became teachers an secretary
- Held push for the passing of the 18th and 19th Amendments to the US Constitution.
-Prohibition
-Women's Suffrage
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
1. Abolition of slavery (13th)
2. Temperance(18th)
3. Women's suffrage(19th)
4. Child labor laws
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.
Susan B.
} (NAWSA)-National American women suffrage association
Elizabeth
Jeannette Rankin
- Worked to win suffrage in Washington state.
- Was elected the first woman in Congress in 1916
- Voted against war in WWI and WWII (only vote)
Ch. 9.3
-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.
- Born in 1858
- Active childhood
- Wrestle and boxed at Harvard College
- Three terms in the New York State Assembly
- Police Commissioner
- Assistant secretary of the US Navy
- War against Spain in 1898
- Elected governor of New York
- President in 1901
- Surprised people
- Advancing programs
-Personality
-Popularitiy
-Leadership
-Publicity
- Believed it was the president's duty to assist everyone if they can't unless the law forbids it.
- People called him a trust busting
- Prosecuting monopolies
- 1902 ordered the Justice Department to sue the Northern Securities Company
- 1904 Supreme court got rid of the company.
- 1902 Coal Strike
- 140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike
-20% raise nine hour work day, organize a union
-1903 the commission issued a settlement
-10% raise nine hour work day union
- Since this the president should intervene when a strike threatens public welfare and the federal government
-Square Deal
- Formed upon three basic ideas
-Conservation of natural resources
-control of corporations
-consumer protection
- Three "C'S"
- Help middle class citizen
- Attacked wealth and bad trusts
- Protect business
-extrem demands of organized labor
- Not to favor any group of Americans
-Be fair to all
-Breaking up strikes
-Regulating railroads
- Elkins Act 1906
- Illegal for railroad officials to give,and shippers to receive, rebates for using particular railroads.
- Railroads could not change set rates without notifying the public
- Hepburn Act 1906
- Limited the distribution of free railroad passes
-ICC power to set maximus railroad rates
-Boosted the government's power to regulate railroads.
-Regulating food and drugs
- Meat and inspection act- Roosevelt
- Compromise won
- Government paying
- Canned goods
- Pure food and drug act
- Dr Harvey Washington Wiley
- Chief chemist department of agriculture
- Criticized manufactures
- Harmful preservatives
- Pure food and drug act (1906)
-halted
-Contained foods and medicine
- truth
- ----labeling
-Conservation
- Late 19th century
- Pioneer Farmers
-Forests
- Prairies
Cattle
-overgraze
Lumber companies
-neglected to plant
Cities
-Sewage-dumped
-Wastes-rivers
-health hazards
-Policy towards African-Americans
W.E.B. DU Bois
- Civil Rights conference -1905
-Niagara Falls
-(Niagara Movement)
- 1909 joined with white reformers
- NAACP
-National Assoiciation of colored people
- 6,000-1914
- Full equality
- Little support in Progressive Movement
- Progressive movement
-Needs of middle class
- Presidents to follow did little to advance
-William Taft
-Woodrow Wilson
Ch.9.4
-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency
- 1904, Republican
- Roosevelt pledged he not to run for reelection in 1908
- He hand picked Taft to be president
- They had an easy victory over Bryan
- Roosevelt didn't rim for president and put all of his support behind Taft and that basically how Taft won because Roosevelt was popular.
Traft Stumbles
- He received little credit for his accomplishments
- He was not popular president
- Traft didn't do what Teddy wanted him to do
- Traft broke up a lot of monopolies than anyone else19
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff
- When the house passed the Payne Bill, which lowered rates on imported manufactures goods.
- The Senate proposed an alternative bill, the Aldrich Bill, which made fewer cuts and increase many rates
- Traft signed the Payne Aldrich Traiff, a compromise that only moderate the high rates of the Aldrich Bill
- This angered progressives who believed Taft had abandoned progressivism
-Land disputes
Taft angered conservationists by appointing his secretary, Richard A. Ballinger.
Ballinger disapproved conservationusts conrtols on western lands, removed 1 million acres of forest and mining lands and returned it to the public domain.
A departement of the interior offical was fired for protesting Ballinger's action.
-Breaking up trusts
-16th Amendment
- 16th Amendment passed 2-3-13
- Power of the federal government to collect income taxes
- 1913
-Policy towards African-Americans
- Haven't helped Africans.
- When they would helped them they would vote against you.
-Break-up of the Republican Party
- Due to these problems with Traft, the republicans split into old- guard republicans and progressive republicans.
- TR did not get the Republican nomination so he decided to run as a third party candidate in the Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party)
-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.
- support small business and free market competition
- only had 42 captured popular votes he won an overwhelming electoral votes.
What are some oil companies after they broke up?
- BP
- Chevron
- ConcoPhilips
- Marathon Oil
Why was Taft not well liked?
- Not as energetic and well liked as Roosevelt.
- Not good at using the "Bully Pulpit"
- Promised to lower tariffs but actually increased many with the Payne-Aldrich Tariff upsetting progressive.
- Appointed wealthy lawyer Richard Balinger to Secretary of the Interior who removed land TR set aside for conservation
Ch. 9.5
-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.
- Mother's day
- Clayton Anti trust act
- Federal trade commission Act/Commission
- Federal Farm Loan Act
- Underwood Tariff
- Federal reserve act
-Clayton Anti-Trust Act
- Companies could not buy stock from another company if it resulted in monopoly
- Officers of company prosecuted
- Labor Unions/farm organizations- no antitrust laws
- Boycott and strike with no interruption
-Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission
- "Watchdog" agency (making sure that they following rules)
- Periodic reports from corporations
- 400 cease and desist orders
-Federal Farm Loan Act
- 12 Federal Land Banks
- Farm Credit system
- Long term loans with low interests.
-Underwood Tariff
- 1913
- Graduated income tax
-Federal Reserve Act
- Introduced a Central Bank
- 12 Federals Reserved Banks able to print money
- Economic stability
- Fed could adjust discount rate/funds and buy and sell US treasuries.
-Keating–Owen Act
- 19000 Census - 2 million children
- National Child Labor Comittee hired Lewis Hine
- The Keating Owen Act passed in 1916 by Congress
- This act banned sale of products from:
-Factories and shops that employed children under the age of 14
-Mines that employed children under age 16
-Any facility had children working nights or more than 16 hours day
- Ruled unconstitutional on 1918 -Hammer vs. Dagenhart
-Adamson Act
- Strikes in Railroads
- President Wilson
- Act gave Railroad workers:
-Required additional pay for overtime work
- 8hour work day
- Act passed in 1915
-US Neutrality in WWI
- Wilson kept the US out of the great war from 1914-1917
- "Must be neutral in fact ad well as in name"
- "Impartial in thought as well as in action"
- Traded with both sides
- Ports were open, non military use
- Actions by Germany made America favor the Entente power.
- Looked like America was trading more with Entente powers to Germany
- Had troubles getting any good.
- Submarine was new for Germany
- Wilson was afraid of this and sent Col. Edward House to England , France and Germany nobody listened
- Warned Germany if any Americans died there would be serious consequences
- British ocean liner was destroyed by Germany
- 120 Americans died
- Wilson sent a communique, Germany respected that for a while
- British Liner was sunk by a U-Boat torpedo
- Germany announced they would begin attacking all merchant ships
- Entered the war was on April 6,1917
-Policy towards African-Americans
- Washington was highly segregated except in federal offices
- He encouraged people to reserve the idea of no segregation in the federal offices.
- Permitted segregation in federal offices many petitioned
- 'segregation" is not a humiliation but a benefit and ought to be so regarded by gentelman
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