Monday- finished presentations and talked about extra credit and took more notes
Tuesday- Notes
Wednesday- Mr. Bruns was gone, watched a video about ancient Greece
Thursday- notes
Friday- finished notes and talked about test
Battle of Marathon- 490 BC
-25,000 Persians
-10,000 Athenians
Who won?- the Athenians because of better armor and the phalanx
Pheidippides
-After the battle ended, he ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory over Persia
-Guess how many miles it was from Marathon to Athens
Battle of Thermopylae -480 BC
-Ten years after the battle of Marathon, Persia once again invaded Greece
-Darius the Great’s son, Xerxes, made it a goal to destroy Athens
- The Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae but not before the Spartan soldiers held out for days allowing many Greek troops to retreat
Battle of Salamis
-At the naval Battle of Salamis, the Greeks destroyed the Persian Navy
-The Persians were never the same after that and were eventually driven out of Greece
-After the Persian Wars, the Delian League was established setting up an alliance between the Greek city-states
-Starting around 470 BC Greece, and Athens specifically, entered a golden age
Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
Key Terms
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The Golden Age of Athens
-477-431 Bc
-Came about after Greece defeated the Persians
-Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture and science flourished
-Also know as the “Age of Pericles”
-Led Athens in the Peloponnesian War
Pericles’ Plan for Athens (461-429 BC)
-Three goals
1.) strengthen Athenian democracy
-Increased the number of paid government jobs which benefitted people who were not wealthy
-Instituted direct democracy- citizens rule directly and not through elected representatives
2.) Strengthen the empire
- Helped establish and eventually led the Delian League after the Persian Wars
-Alliance of Greek city- states
-Grew Athens navy
-Started dominating other city-states which led to conflicts
3.) Glorify Athens
-Used money from the Delian League to buy gold, marble and ivory
-Used money from the Delian League to hire artists, architects, and workers to build buildings and sculptures
-Phidias was hired to build the Parthenon
-Greek sculptors focused on beauty, not realism
-Classical art focused on simplicity and being well proportioned
Greek Drama- Tragedy and Comedy
-A tragedy was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
-The Hero usually was an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities
-A tragic flaw usually caused the hero’s downfall, usually excessive pride
-A comedy contained scenes filled with humor
- Playwritest often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time
-Aristophanes was a famous writer of comedies
-The fact that athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom that existed in democratic Athens
The Start of the Greatest Subject in Recorded History
-History
-Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events
-Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situations recur over time
-Studying those events and situations would aid in understanding the present
-The approaches Thucydides used in his work still guide historians today
Peloponnesian War 431- 404 BC
-Fought between Athens and Sparta
-Came about as a result of Sparta not liking Athens growth of wealth and power in the area
-Athens was acting like a bully
-Sparta had a better army, Athens had a better navy
-With the help of a plague that hit Athens, Sparta eventually won.
Alexander’s Empire
King PHilip II of Macedon 382-336
-Goal was to take over all of Greece and the nto get revenge by taking over the Persian Empire
-Became King of macedon in 359
Macedonians
-Lived in mountainous villages, not city- states
-Macedonians considered themselves to be Greek but were looked down up by the big city-states
-PHilip II built up his military and eventually invaded and defeated the Greek city-states
-Used the phalanx and cavalry to great effect
Alexander the III of Macedon 356- 323 BC (Alexander the Great)
-Took over for his father, Philip, in 336 BC
-Philip was assassinated at his daughter's wedding by a former bodyguard (Pausanias)
-Ruled Greece and its empire for only 13 years
-Due to his great accomplishments, became known as Alexander the Great
-Was taught by Aristotle
-Died from high fever- possibly from typhoid fever or malaria
-After taking power, Alexander eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidate Greece
-Alexander then turned east to take over the Persian Empire and Achieve the goal of his father
-After losing some battles, Darius III retreated quickly and offered Alexander all lands west of the Euphrates River
-Alexander the Great refused Darius III’s offer and announced he would take the entire Persian Empire
-In 332 BC, Alexander the Great moved into Egypt and “liberated” Egypt from the Persians
-The Egyptians crowned Alexander pharaoh
-Founded the Egyptian city of Alexandria
-After conquering Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia and finished the job of defeating Darius III and the Persians
-The capital city of ther Persian Empire, Persepolis (In Iran), was burned by Alexander as possible revenge for the Persians burning Athens
-Alexander would continue east into India where he eventually ran into a strong army
-His troops were tired- fighting for 11 years and traveled more than 11,000 miles
-Even after defeating the Indian army in a battle, the monsoons of India were having an impact and Alexander agreed to turn back west.
-Alexander would die from disease not long after
Alexander the Great’s legacy
-Greek Empire split into three sections
-Greek city-states led by antigonus
-Egypt led by Ptolemy
-Former Persian EMpire ruled by Seleucus
-Leaders all ruled with absolute power
Rise of the Philosophers
-A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
-AFter losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian WAr, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers
-Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Socrates- 470- 399
-Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece
-Socrates taught by asking questions
-This method of questioning is still called the socratic method
-Put on trial and found guilty for “corrupting the youth of Athens”
-Put to death by- hemlock
-”There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance”
Plato- 427- 347 BC
-Plato was a student of Socrates
-He started a school called The Academy that lasted 900 years
-Wrote The Republic
-The book talked about a perfectly governed societ not a democracy
-In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class
-The Person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king
Aristotle 384-322 BC
-Aristotle was a student of Plato
-He wrote about science, art, law , poetry, government, etc.
-Taught Alexander the Great
-”He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them”
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