Week of Oct. 3-7

[2Abby]

MONDAY- finish presentation

TUESDAY-

• Athens and Sparta United

  • Athens and Sparta had been fighting for hundreds of years

  • They now fought not for Athens or for Sparta but for GREECE

• Battle of Marathon- 490 BC

  • 25,000 Persians-

    • Lightly armored and not prepared

  • 10,000 Athenians- won

    • The Phalanx

  • Pheidippides

    • After the battle ended, he ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory

• Battle of Thermopylae

  • Ten years after the Battle of Marathon, Persia once again invaded Greece

  • Darius the Great’s son, Xerxes, made it a goal to destroy Athens

  • The Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae but not before the Spartan soldiers held out for days allowing many Greek troops to retreat

  • Movie 300 is based off of this.

• Battle of Salamis

  • At the naval Battle of Salamis, the greeks destroyed the Persian navy

  • The Persians were never the same after that and were eventually driven out of Greece

  • After the Persian Wars, the Delian League was established setting up an alliance between the greek city-states

  • Starting around 470 BC, Greece, and Athens specifically, entered a golden age.

WEDNESDAY- ALEXANDER THE GREAT MOVIE

THURSDAY-

• Peloponnesian War

  • Fought between Athens and Sparta

  • Came about as a result of Sparta not liking Athens growth and wealth and power in the area

  • Athens was acting like a bully

  • Sparta had a better army, athens had a better navy

  • FIND MORE

• Rise of the Philosophers

  • A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life

  • After losing to sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers

  • Socrates, Plato and Aristotle

  • Socrates

    • A philosopher of Ancient Greece

    • Taught by asking questions

    • This method of questions is still called the Socratic method.

    • Put on trial and found guilty for “corrupting the youth of Athens”

      • Put to death- hemlock

    • “There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance”

  • Plato

    • Student of Socrates

    • Started a school called the Academy that lasted 900 years

    • Wrote The Republic

      • The book talked about a perfectly governed society- not a democracy

      • In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: Farmers, artisans, warriors and the ruling class

      • The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king.

  • Aristotle

    • Student of Plato

    • Wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.

    • Taught Alexander the Great

    • “He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them.

• After taking power, Alexander eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidate in Greece

• Alexander then turned east to take over of the Persian Empire and achieve the goal of his father

• After losing some battles, Darius the third retreated quickly and offered Alexander all lands west of the Euphrates River,

• Alexander the Great refused Darius the third’s offer and announced he would take the enire Persian Empire

• In 332 BC, Alexander the Great moved into Egypt and “liberated” Egypt from the Persians

  • The egyptians crowned Alexander pharaoh

  • Founded the Egyptian of Alexandria

• After conquering Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia and finished the job of defeating Darius the third and the Persians

  • The capital city of the Persian Empire, Persepolis (in Iran), was burned by Alexander as possible revenge for the Persians burning down Athens

• Alexander would continue east into india where he eventually ran into a strong Indian army

• Hist troops were tired- fighting for 11 years and traveled more than 11,000 miles

• Even after defeating the Indian army in a battle, the monsoons of India were having an impact and Alexander agreed to turn back west

• Alexander would die from disease not long after

• Alexander's Legacy

  • Greek Empire split into three sections (map)

    • Greek city- states led by Antigonus

    • Egypt led by Ptolemy

    • Former Persian Empire ruled by Seleucus

  • Leader all ruled with absolute power

WEDNESDAY

• Spread of Hellenistic Culture

  • Hellenistic culture became common all throughout the Greek Empire

    • Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian cultures mixed

    • Language- Koine

    • Trade

    • Cities

    • Science and Technology

    • Philosophy, art and architecture

• Ancient Library at Alexandria- ancient think tank, burned down.

• Astronomy- said earth was the center of the solar system

• Mathematics- Euclid established geo GET OFF SLIDE

• Colossus of Roads

THURSDAY- SEE NOTES ABOVE

FRIDAY- FINISHED NOTES ABOVE AND STARTED STUDYING FOR TEST ON MONDAY.