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Week of Oct 3-7

Posted by 1Kara on October 3, 2016 at 11:27am

Monday: notes

  1. The Grange
    1. An organization that helped farmers
      1. Provided entertainment for them
      2. Fought back against railroads
    2. Started after the Civil War and is still around today
  2. Granger Laws
    1. Series of state laws passed in several Midwestern states
    2. Designed to fight back against railroad abuses
    3. Wanted railroads and grain elevators to charge fair prices
    4. Munn v Illinois-1877-Supreme Court supported farmers
    5. Wabash v Illinois-Supreme Court supported the railroads
  3. Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
    1. Allowed the US Government to supervise railroads
    2. Set up Interstate Commerce Commission to carry out law
    3. Failed to help farmers at first
  4. Populist Movement-Omaha Platform (1890's)
    1. Help farmers out of debt
      1. Farmers were in debt because of railroads and overproduction 
      2. Wanted out of debt to buy things (make money instead of lose money)
      3. Without farmers people would starve
    2. Give people a greater voice in government
      1. Give people more power and say
      2. White rich males dominated government
      3. Steal power away from white rich males
    3. Increase money supply in circulation
      1. Silverites
        1. Farmers
        2. Wanted more money in circulation
        3. Products would be sold at higher prices
        4. Effects
          1. Inflation-prices rise, value of money decreases, more people have money
      2. Gold Bugs
        1. Bankers and businessmen
        2. Gold standard/ less money in circulation
        3. Loans would be repaid in stable money
        4. Effects
          1. Deflation
    4. Graduated income tax
      1. Income Tax- tax on your income
      2. The more you make the higher tax you pay
      3. Before income tax government was small
      4. 16th amendment to the US Constitution
    5. Direct election of Senators 
      1. 17th amendment to US Constitution 
      2. Elected directly by people of state
      3. Used to be chosen by state senators 
    6. Single terms for President/VP 
      1. Might get people who are willing to help lower class
      2. Brings change to the government
    7. Secret ballot 
      1. People can't see who you vote for
      2. People used to be bought off
      3. Important for middle/lower class people
        1. So they weren't intimidated for voting for who rich people wanted
    8. 8 hour work day 
      1. Used to 14 hour days, 7 days a week
      2. Family time, rest time, entertainment time
      3. Will be able to work better and be more efficient
      4. Eventually got payed more

Tuesday: continue notes

  1. Restrictions on immigration 
    1. Populists wanted to slam door on legal immigration
    2. Immigrants took jobs and kept wages low
    3. Willing to work for next to nothing

Ch. 6: The Industrial Revolution (late 1800's)

  1. What caused the Industrial Revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? 
    1. Tons of natural resources
      1. Ex: Coal, gold, copper, iron, lead, zinc, timber, nickel, silver, oil
      2. Need resources to make things
    2. Government helped business 
      1. Governments let businesses do as they please
      2. This type of system hurt the factory workers
      3. Good for big businesses
        1. Allowed them to expand
        2. Could hire more people
        3. Could mass produce things
    3. Cities were growing (1870-1920)
      1. More workers during Industrial Revolution
      2. Cities are growing because of job opportunities, urbanization and immigration
      3. Farmers moved to city
      4. African-Americans moved to the cities after Civil War
      5. More entertainment/culture 
    4. Growing population provided markets for manufactured goods
      1. More people to sell things to 
    5. Immigrants provided cheap labor
      1. Worked 6-7 days a week, 14 hours a day for next to nothing
    6. Oil boom
      1. Fueled everything during Industrial Revolution
    7. Bessemer Process-cheap way to make steel 
      1. Henry Bessemer came up with Bessemer process
      2. Cheaper and quicker way to make steel
      3. Caused Industrial Revolution to take off
      4. Blow air into melted iron and gets rid of impurities. Leaves steel behind
      5. Very important to Industrial Revolution
    8. Various inventions 
      1. Thomas Edison
        1. Electricity-light bulb
        2. Made light bulbs last hundreds of hours
      2. Christopher Sholes
        1. Typewriter
        2. Allowed people to type things
      3. Alexander Graham Bell
        1. Telephone
        2. Revolutionized communication
    9. Railroads 
  2. What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives

Wednesday: work day on Decades Project

Thursday: notes 

    1. Railroads
      1. transcontinental railroads
      2. Chinese had cheap labor
      3. time zones
  2. Chapter 6-3
    1. What are monopolies and why are they bad for consumers?
      1. The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service
      2. When a company in a specific field tries to get rid of all of the competition and control as close to 100% of the industry as possible
      3. Horizontal integration - buying out other competition in their field
      4. Vertical integration - having own resources, manufacturing and railroad, self dependent
      5. Can choose whatever price, no competition to keep prices low
      6. Can lead to higher prices due to lack of competition
      7. Can lead to poorer products due to lack of competition
      8. Less choice for the consumer

Friday: notes

  1. Describe Andrew Carnegie's life 
    1. Carnegie Steel
    2. Came from Scotland
    3. Started out poor
    4. Became one of richest people in US History
    5. Got a low paying job and worked his way up in company
    6. Philanthropist: gave away a lot of money
    7. Paid workers next to nothing
  2. Describe John D. Rockefeller's life (1839-1937)
    1. Standard Oil 
    2. Standard Oil Co. controlled people, government and businesses
    3. Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
      1. Designed to break up monopolies
      2. Made it illegal to form a monopoly that interfered with free trade between states
    4. If he were alive he would be worth $660 billion
  3. Describe Cornelius Vanderbilt's life  (1794-1877)
    1. Made a fortune in shipping
    2. Retired from the shipping business at age 64
    3. Then created a railroad empire
    4. Was richest person in US when he died in 1877
    5. Would be 2nd richest in US History today
      1. Worth $200 billion today
    6. Designed Grand Central Station
  4. Describe John Pierpont (JP) Morgan's life  (1837-1913)
    1.  One of the most powerful bankers of his era
    2. Financed railroads and helped organize US Steel, General Electric and other major corporations
    3. Today his firm is known as JP Morgan Chase
  5. What are labor unions and why are they important for workers?
    1. Labor Union- workers joining together to get better wages

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