Monday:
Golden Age of Athens (447-431 BC) "Age of Pericles"
Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science flourished
3 Goals for Athens
1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy
Increased number of paid government jobs
Instituted direct democracy
2. Hold and strengthen the empire
Established the Delian League (alliance of Greek city-states)
Grew Athens navy
Started dominating other city-states
3. Glorify Athens
Used money from the Delian League to buy gold, marble, and ivory
Also used that money to hire artists, architects, and workers to build architecture
Classical art focused on being simple and well proportioned
Peloponnesian War 431-404 BC
Athens vs, Sparta
Sparta had a better army, Athens had a better navy
Athens started to turn into a bully
Tuesday:
Philosopher tries to explain the nature of life
Socrates taught Plato who taught Aristotle
Socrates- taught by asking questions (Socratic method), found guilty for corrupting the youth of Athens (death by hemlock)
Plato- student of Socrates, started The Academy, wrote The Republic talking about a perfect government, not with democracy but with the wealthy ruling
Aristotle- student of Plato, he wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.; taught Alexander the Great
Goal of King Philip II was to take over all of Greece and the get revenge by taking over the Persian empire
Macedonians- lived in mountainous villages, considered themselves to be Greek but the other city-states looked down on them, Philip II took over Greece
Alexander the Great- took over for his father, Philip; Philip was assassinated at his daughter's wedding by a former bodyguard (Pausanians), ruled Greece for 13 years, died from a high fever
Wednesday:
Video over Alexander the Great
Thursday:
Alexander went after the Persian empire and after winning battles he was offered all the land West of the Euphrates River
Alexander the Great refused Darius III's offer and announced he would take the entire Persian empire
Moved into Egypt and "liberated" Egypt from the Persians
After taking Egypt Alexander went to Mesopotamia and officially defeated Darius III
Went East and ran into a tough Indian army and his troops had been revolting after 11 years and 11,000 miles
Alexander died shortly after
The land that he had captured was split into 3 after his death
Greek city-states led by Antigonus
Egypt led by Ptolemy
Former Persian Empire ruled by Seleucus
Leaders ruled with absolute power
Cultural diffusion between East and West
Hellenistic culture- Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures mixed
Language of the area became Koine
Friday:
Euclid established geometry
Archimedes estimated the value of pi and the law of the lever
Ancient library for Alexandria burned down where scrolls were kept
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