Week of November 9-13

[2Claire]

Monday: We discussed the forum posts. 

Tuesday: We watched a video over Veteran's Day. A group also finished presenting. 

Wednesday: Veteran's Day. Cassie, Parker, and Irelynn finished their presentations. 

Thursday: No School!

Friday: 

Ch. 9.1

-Define the Progressive Era, why it started and its goals.

Goals:

1. Protecting Social welfare

• set up settlement houses for poor 
• opened libraries
• sponsored education classes
• opened swimming pools
• set up soup kitchens
• slum brigades--- teach immigrants

2.Promoting moral improvement

• prohibition
• Carrie nation
  • leader of Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
• Why ban alcohol?
  • women were abused, cheated on, and left
  • bad during jobs-inefficient
• Women's suffrage

3.Creating economic reform

• there was a major unbalance in income and how people live
• many turned to "socialism"
• regulation of railroads
• regulation of business (Sherman Act)
• Child Labor laws
• Women and men working hours reduced
• workmen's compensation
• Income and equality is the weakness of capitalism

4. Fostering efficiency 

• scientific management to increase efficiency was used in factories
• Frederick Taylor- Time Management studies
• Assembly Line
• Henry Ford paid workers $5 a day
• Progressives also worked for better efficiency in all levels of government

-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?

-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.

-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?

-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?

-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?

• played a big role in bring reform 
• investigating journalists
• exposed the problems of society
• Upton Sinclair- The Jungle-meatpacking
• Ida Tarbell- Exposed the ruthless methods of the Standard Oil Company
• Lincoln Steffens- exposed corruption in gov't

-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?

Better pay

Better workplaces

Ten hour work days

Time management studies

Assembly Line

Henry Ford paid $5 a day

-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?

Cleaner work areas

Ended young children working in factories

vents for fumes

Sprinkler system- for fires

-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?

Children would get injured on the job and then they couldn't work anymore or they could be hospitalized the rest of their life.

Made them pass Child Labor Laws

 -What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?

Supreme court declared act unconstitutional due to the interference with states' rights to regulate labor. Succeed in nearly every state by affecting legislation that banned child labor and set maximum hours.

-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?

over 3,000 Carnegie's workers went on strike but were killed by private detectives. Workers still went on strike. 

-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?

Direct election of senators

people vote

presidents became more progressive

Economy

States adopt secret ballot

Direct Primary- chose the new president

Initiative- a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers

Referendum- when voters accept or reject the initiative

Recall- enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions

-What did the 17th Amendment do?

 It allowed people of the states to elect their own senators. 

IOWA SENATORS= Chuck Grassley(R) and Joni Ernst(R)

Ch. 9.2

-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.

• More women were getting an education
• became teachers
• helped push for 18th and 19th amendment

-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.

-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.

 

Ch. 9.3

-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.

• born in 1858
• active childhood
• police commissioner 
• Assistant secretary of the U.S. Navy
• Elected governor of New York
• In charge of the war against Spain 1898
• President in 1901
  • was originally the vice president
• Advancing programs
  • personality
  • popularity
  • leadership
  • publicity
• believed it was the president's duty to assist everyone- not just the rich
• Prosecuting monopolies
• 1902 ordered the Justice Department to sue the Northern Securities Company
• 1904- Supreme court got rid of the company

-Square Deal

• formed upon three basic ideas- (Three C's)
  • conservation of natural resources
  • control of corporations
  • Consumer protection
• Help middle class citizens
• attacked wealth and bad trusts
• Protects businesses
  • extreme demands of organized labor
• not to favor any group of Americans
  • be fair to all

-Breaking up strikes

• Coal strike
  • 140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike
  • 20% raise, nine hour work day, organize a union
  • 1903 the commission issued a settlement 
  • 10% raise, 9 hour work day, union
  • president intervenes when a strike happens

-Regulating railroads

• Elkins Act- 1906
  • illegal for railroad officials to give, and shippers to receive, rebates for using particular railroads
  • railroads could not change set rates without notifying the public
• Hepburn Act- 1906
  • Limited the distribution of free railroad passes
  • ICC power to set maximum railroad rates
  • Boosted the government's power to regulate railroads

-Regulating food and drugs

• Meat inspection Act- Roosevelt
• Compromise won
• Government-paying
• Canned goods
• Pure food and drug act
  • Dr. Harvey criticized manufacturers 
    • harmful preservatives
  • 1906
  • halted- contaminated foods and medicines
  • truth-labeling

-Conservation

• Late 19th century
• Pioneer Farmers
  • forests 
  • prairies
• Cattle
  • overgraze
• Lumber companies
  • neglected to plant
• Cities
  • sewage-dumped
  • wastes-rivers
  • health hazards

-Policy towards African-Americans

• Roosevelt failed to support African-Americans
• Few individuals
  • Booker T. Washington
    • Tuskegee Normal
    • Industrial Institute
      • Training school
• W.E.B. Du Bois
  • civil rights conference-1905
  • Niagara falls
    • (Niagara Movement)
  • 1909- joined with white reformers
• NAACP 
  • national association of colored people
  • 6,000-1914
  • full equality
  • little support in Progressive movement
  • Progressive movement- needs of middle class
  • Presidents to follow did little to advance
    • William Taft
    • Woodrow Wilson

 

Ch.9.4

-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency

• (Roosevelt) 1904-Republican
• Roosevelt pledged not to run for reelection in 1908
  • He hand picked Taft to be president
  • they had an easy victory over Bryan
• Taft received little credit for accomplishments
• not popular
• Taft didn't do what Teddy wanted him to do
• Broke up a lot of monopolies
• Not good at giving speeches
• Not very energetic
• Promised to lower tariffs but actually raised them 

-Payne-Aldrich Tariff

• It reduced tariffs
• when the house passed Payne bill- lowered rates on imported manufactured goods
• Senate proposed an alternative bill, the Aldrich bill, which made fewer cuts and increase many rates
• Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, a compromise that only moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill
• This angered progressives who believed Taft had abandoned progressives 

What is the goal for high tariffs?

• It was designed to protect big businesses

-Land disputes

• Taft gave land back to big businesses
  • land came from Roosevelt's reserved land for conservation

-Breaking up trusts

• broke up many trusts including Standard Oil in 1911
  • Standard Oil: BP, Exxon, Marathon, Chevron, ConocoPhillips

-16th Amendment

• Federal Income Tax
• provided $$ to the Gov't by taxing individuals earnings and corporate profits

-Policy towards African-Americans

• Progressives didn't do anything to help African-Americans
• "If you do anything to help African Americans, we will vote against the meat inspection act."

-Break-up of the Republican Party

• due to the problems with Taft, Republicans split into old-guard republicans and progressive republicans
• TR did not get the Republican nomination so he decided to run as a third party candidate in Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party)

-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.

• Roosevelt and Taft went after each other
• Woodrow Wilson won the election

Ch. 9.5

-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.

• Clayton Anti-trust act
• Federal Farm Loan Act
• Underwood Tariff
• Federal Reserve Act
• Federal Trade Commission Act

-Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• stopped companies from buying stock from other companies- resulted in monopolies
• strengthens labor unions

-Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission

• "Watchdog" agency
• periodic reports from corporations
• 400 cease and desist orders

-Federal Farm Loan Act

• 12 federal land banks
• Farm Credit System
• long term loans with low interest

-Underwood Tariff

• 1913
• graduated income tax
• depending on your income is how much tax you pay
• lowered tariffs

-Federal Reserve Act

• introduced a Central Bank
• 12 federal reserve banks able to print money
• Economic Stability
• Fed could adjust discount rate/funds and buy and sell US treasuries
• it was needed because banks were closing down
• it is a banker's bank
• It controls interest rates
• it controls inflation and deflation

-Keating–Owen Act

• 1900 census- 2 million children working in factories
• Lewis Hine was hired by National Child Labor Committee
• was passed in 1916 by Congress
• banned the sale of products from:
  • factories and shops that employed children under age of 14
  • mines that employed children under 16
  • any facility that had children working nights or more than 8 hours a day
• ruled unconstitutional in 1918- Hammer vs. Dagenhart

-Adamson Act

• strikes in Railroads
• president Wilson
• Act gave railroad workers:
  • required additional pay for overtime work
  • 8 hour work day
• act was passed in 1915

-US Neutrality in WWI

• Wilson kept the US out of WW1
• traded with both sides
• ports were open, non-military use
• Actions by Germany made America Favor the Entente powers
• looked like america was trading more with the entente powers to Germany
• had troubles getting any goods
• warned Germany if any Americans died there would be serious consequences
• The end of the war was when we joined in (Lusitania was sunk) 

-Policy towards African-Americans

• Washington D.C. was highly segregated except in Federal offices
• encouraged people to reverse the idea of no segregation in the Federal offices
• permitted segregation in federal offices, many petitioned