Week of November 7-11

[5Kara]

Monday-

• students finished the Religion Test while other students worked on blog posts or had a study hall
• talked about polls and the election tomorrow 

Tuesday-

Ancient Rome (continued) 

• The First Romans (1000 BC-500 BC)
  • 1. Latins
    • Built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
    • This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
    • Today, the House of Caesar Augustus is on Palatine Hill
  • 2. The Greeks (750-600 BC)
    • Established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
    • Brought Greek ideas to Italy
  • 3. The Etruscans
    • Came from Northern Italy
    • Skilled metalworkers and engineers
    • Had a writing system with an alphabet that the Romans adopted
    • Greatly influenced Roman architecture
      • Introduced the arch
    • Outside of Greece, one of the most advanced civilizations in Europe during this time
      • Not much is known about them since there are no Etruscan history documents or literature 
• The Early Republic (600-509 BC)
  • The Etruscans were the group that helped Rome grow into a large city
  • Under the Etruscans, Rome was ruled by a king until 509 BC
    • King Tarquin the Proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
• The Roman Republic (509-27 BC)
  • Set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
  • A republic is a form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have a right to vote for their leaders
  • Citizens were free-born males only 
  • SPQR (Senatus Populusque Romanus)
    • "The Senate and People of Rome"
    • Roman Republic Symbols
• The Roman Republic- Patricians and Plebeians (social classes)
  • Patricians were wealthy landowners who had most of the power
    • Believed that their ancestry gave them power to make laws 
  • Plebeians were farmers, artisans, and merchants that made up most of the population 
    • Were Roman citizens with the right to vote
    • Could not hold most government jobs
    • Eventually, Rome's leaders allowed plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes
      • Tribunes worked to protect the rights of plebeians 
• The Roman Republic- The Government 
  • Dictators were chosen by the Consuls and elected by the Senate in times of crisis 
  • They had absolute power for six months to make laws and control the army 
  • This makes it easier for things to get done in a timely manner 
  • The Twelve Tables
    • In 451 BC, some officials started writing own Rome's laws onto tablets
    • These became the Twelve Tables and the basis for Roman law
    • These Twelve Tables were held in their Forum (their government building) 
• The Roman Republic- The Military
  • The military was a very important part of making Rome into a major power
  • All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military
  • Legions were made up of large (5,000) groups of infantry 
    • Legions were broken down into smaller (80) groups of men called a century 
    • A centurion led the century
    • Each legion had a cavalry unit for support (cavalry=horses)
  • Roman Treatment of People Taken Over
    • Areas right next to Rome, such as the Latins, became full Roman citizens
    • In other areas of Italy further away, groups became citizens, but could not vote
    • In areas outside of Italy, groups became allies
      • Groups were able to govern themselves but were expected to supply troops when needed and not make treaties with other groups
    • This lenient policy allowed Roman Empire to last a long time 

Wednesday- talked about politics and the election 

Thursday- 

Ancient Rome (continued)

• Rome v. Carthage- Punic Wars (264-146 BC)
  • The First Punic War was fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean 
    • Lasted 23 years (264-241 BC)
    • Rome won
  • The Second Punic War was started by Carthage to get revenge from their previous loss 
    • Lasted 16 years (218-202 BC)
    • Rome won
    • Hannibal, a brilliant Carthaginian general, led a massive surprise attack on Rome 

Friday-

Ancient Rome (continued) 

• • The Second Punic War was started by Carthage to get revenge from their previous loss 
    • Lasted 16 years (218-202 BC)
    • Rome won
    • Hannibal, a brilliant Carthaginian general, led a massive surprise attack on Rome 
    • Led a force of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants up through Spain, France, and into Italy crossing the Alps mountains in the process
    • Lost nearly half of his men and most of his elephants before reaching Romans
    • For almost ten years, Hannibal marches his men up and down Italy
    • Had a lot of victories, but ultimately lost when the Romans (Scipio) attached Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return home
    • Rome won 
  • The Third Punic War 
    • 149-146 BC
    • Rome went on the offensive and laid siege to Carthage
    • The Romans burned the city and 50,000 people were sold into slavery
    • With Carthage out of the picture, Rome would continue its conquests in the upcoming decades 
• The First Punic War Video Notes:
  • Punic is a Phoenician word and means "treacherous" in English  
  • Carthage's military payed their soldiers to fight 
  • The First Punic War cost 1/5 of the population of Rome
  • During the Second Punic War, Hannibal's father didn't pay his troops so he cast them out and then had to hire new mercenaries to fight the old ones