Monday- Test day
Tuesday- Notes on ancient Rome
Wednesday- talked politics
Thursday- talked politics and notes
Friday- notes
The First Romans (1000 BC - 500 BC)
Latins
-Built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
-This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she- wolf
The Greeks (750-600 BC)
-Established colonies in southern italy and Sicily
-Brought Greek ideas to Italy
the Etruscans
-Came from northern Italy
-skilled metalworkers and engineers
-had a writing system with an alphabet that the Romans adopted
-Greatly influenced Roman architecture- introduced the arch
-outside of Greece, one of the most advanced civilizations in Europe during this time
-Not much is know about them since there are no Etruscan history documents of literature
The Early Republic 600- 509 BC
-The etruscans were the group that helped Rome grow into a large city
- Under the Etruscans, Rome was ruled by a king until 509 BC
-King Tarquin the Proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic
-Set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
What is a republic?-A form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have a right to vote for their leaders
-Citizens were free-born makes only
-SPQR- Senatus Populusque Romanus “The Senate and People of Rome”
The Roman Republic Patricians and Plebeians
-Patricians were wealthy landowners who had most of power. Believed that their ancestors gave them power to make laws
-Plebeians were farmers, artisans and merchants that made up most of the population
-Were Roman citizens with the right to vote
-Could not hold most government jobs
-Eventually, Rome’s leaders allowed plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called Tribunes
-worked to protect the rights of plebeians
The Roman Republic- The Government
-Dictators were chosen by the consuls and elected by the Senate in times of crisi
-They had absolute power for six months the make laws and control the army
-Why allow for this? - says one things and things get done. Democracy could take to long.
The Twelve Tables
-In 451 Bc, some officials started writing down Rome’s laws onto tablets
-These became the Twelve Tables and the basis for Roman law
-These twelve tables were held in their Forum- their government building
-each table deals with a different matter
The Roman Republic- The Military
-The military was a very important part of making Rome into a major power
-All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military
-Legions were made up of large(5,000) groups of Infantry- ground troops
Legions were broken down into smaller (80) groups of men called a century
-a centurion led the century
-Each legions had a cavalry until for support (horses)
Roman Treatment of people Taken Over
-Areas right next to Rome, such as the Latins, became full Roman citizens
- In other areas of Italy further away, group became citizens, but could not vote
-In areas outside of Italy, groups became allies
-Groups were able to govern themselves but were expected to supply troops when needed and not make treaties with other groups
-This lenient policy allowed the Roman Empire to last a long time
Rome vs Carthage-Punic Wars 264-146 BC
Series of three wars
-The first Punic War was fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean
-Lasted 23 years- 264- 241 BC
-Rome won
-The Second Punic War was started by Carthage to get revenge from the previous loss
-Lasted 16 years 218-202 BC
-Rome won
The Second Punic War 218-202
The Second Punic War 218-202 BC
-Hannibal, a brilliant Carthaginian general, led a massive surprise attack on Rome
- Led a force of 50,000 infantry, 9000 cavalry, and 60 elephants up through Spain, France and into Italy crossing the Alps mountains in the process
-Lost nearly half of his men and most of his elephants before reaching the Romans
-For almost ten years, hannibal marches his men up and down italy
-Had a lot of victories, but ultimately lost when the Romans (Scipio) attacked Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return hom
-Rome won
Third Punic War- 149-146 BC
-Rome went on the offensive and laid siege to Carthage
-The Romans burned the city and 50,000 people were sold into slavery
-With Carthage out of the picture, Rome would continue its conquests in the upcoming decades
Video notes about Punic Wars
1 million soldiers, lost about ⅕ of the men
Didn’t know how to build a naval ship
Didn’t have money to pay their troops and had to hire more soldiers to get rid of the old soldiers
In debt to Rome
Hannibal give an oath of vengeance
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