Monday: Forum posts leaders talked about their topics. Taking notes on 10-2.
Section 2 - The Spanish American War
By 1900, Spain was a dwindling Empire
Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a few colonies in Africa
The U.S. has been interested in Cuba for a long time. US tried to buy Cuba in 1854.
Cubans has been revolting against Spain frequently (1868, 1878, 1886, 1895) wanting independence
Many felt sorry for the Cuban people
*What caused an increase in tension between the United States and Spain?
1) In 1895 Civil War broke out in Cuba between Spain and the Cubans
2) The conflict was described as bloody and brutal
3) Newspaper had a huge influence on this war. Yellow Press exaggerated the truth, basically lying. The Yellow press reported the brutality of the Spanish General Weyler. American newspapers were clearly pushing the nation towards intervention in the Cuban Situation.
*Causes of the Spanish-American War
The sinking of the USS Maine
Yellow Press says that Spain did it
No one really knows what happened
Today people think it happened on its own
The Yellow Press
Instigated the war
UNited the general public to want war with Spain
Made people feel sorry for the Cubans
Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps
The De Lome Letter
McKinley is weak and is a coward
Jose Marti’s destruction of US property in Cuba-making it look as though Spain did it
To help the Cubans get independence
Declaration of War and the Teller Amendment
On April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain
Imperialists vs. Anti-imperialists in US
Teller Amendment was added to the declaration of war against Spain
Guartenned Cuban independence after the war was over
Guess what US did instead? Took over Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rico
Fronts in the Spanish-American War
Philippines
We won this war because of our Navy
Teddy Roosevelt told George Dewey to take over
Cuba
Puerto Rico
No fighting just went in and took it
John Hay “A Splendid Little War”
We would win
Get a lot of land out of it
Small amount of Casualties
Treaty of Paris - 1898
Brought an official end to the war
Spain gave Cuba independence (kind of)
US got control of the Philippines ($20 million), Guam and Puerto Rico
Misc.
The US Army was not prepared to fight this war - The Navy was excellent!
Roughly 3000 US soldiers died in the war - Only 385 battle deaths - 2500 died due to disease
- Lasted April 25 - August 12 1898
Tuesday: Finished section 10-3. Started notes on 10-4.
Section 3 - Acquiring New Lands
Cartoon - Fat Uncle Sam, people dressing him…
They are measuring how big the US is, it is getting bigger
We have to remeasure and refit the US
We have to change with how we do things
Puerto Rico - Current Status
Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917
They can not vote for president
They can’t use our bankruptcy laws
They are very poor
3 options
Keep current status
Become independent
Become a state
Cuba
In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the United States with the Treaty of Paris
In 1902, the US granted Cuba its independence as promised with the Teller Amendment
Platt Amendment - amendment that we forced, US could intervene any time we needed to
The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of today.
In 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed.
Today in Cuba
We do not get along well
Communist
In the last year we have been opening trade a little more now
The Philippines
There were a lot of philippines dying at our hands
Cartoon: McKinley is uplifting the Philippine baby
Emilio Aguinaldo
Philippine-American War
The war broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence
It ended with American control over the islands
12,000 - 20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
200,000 - 1.5 million Filipinos civilization died
Some contented US commited Genocide
Little over 4,000 US soldiers died
Current Status
They are independent today
We are in good relations with them
On July 4, 1946 they attained their independence
China
By late 1800’s it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
China did not want this to happen
Cartoon - They all are wanting to take a piece of China
John Hay “Open Door Policy”
United States idea for Chinese trade for everyone
Guaranteed Chinese Independence
Open door of trade
Opened Chinese trade for all counties
Uncle Sam Knocking on Chinese Door
Chinese needs to be open for all countries
Wednesday: Section 4 notes... Not finished yet.
Section 4 - America as a World Power
Teddy Roosevelt’s Presidency
Assumed presidency after McKinley was killed
Roosevelt was known as the peacemaker
Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905
Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts (ending the Russo-Japanese War)
Panama
The Panama Canal
A canal across the Panama had been desired for a long time.
France has started constructing a canal but gave up due to costs and diseases
In 1903, US buys French company’s route for $40 million
Before starting, US had to get permission from Colombia which controlled Panama
Columbia refused to allow US entry
With support from the US, Panama revolted against Colombia
On November 3, 1903, Panama declared independence from Columbia
US and Panama then signed canal deal where US would pay $10 million and an annual rent of $250,00
This action greatly upsets Latin America
US wanted everyone to be able to use the Panama Canal not just us
Panama Canal Construction
One of the biggest engineering undertakings ever
Had to fight diseases (yellow fever and malaria)
Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove
Over 43,000 workers helped build canal
5,600 workers died
Cost US $380 million
The Roosevelt Corollary
It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
Said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
The US would use force to protect our interests in Latin America
Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick” (Big stick = Military Power)
Cartoon: Teddy and his big stick. He said he is the police officer of the world. Everyones looking at him to solve the problems. Solving problems between Latin America and Europe.
Made the Caribbean our Sphere of Influence
Thursday: No school
Friday: No school
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