Tuesday- mock vote and notes
Wednesday- notes
Thursday- notes
Friday-
Budisuam -
China- southeast Asia
-Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) was the founder of Buddhism in 560 BC
-Buddha means “the awakened one”
-He grew up in a wealthy family but decided to follow a path of self-denial
-He did not find truth until he sat down under a tree, now known as the Bo tree
-There he was “enlightened” and obtained the knowledge he had been looking for
-He discovered four noble truths and the Eightfold Path to Nirvana, or ultimate bliss
The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism
Existence is suffering
The cause of suffering is craving and attachment
Suffering ceases at some point and turns to Nirvana
There is a path to Nirvana which is made up of 8 steps called the Eightfold Path
The Eightfold Path
Right view
Right intentions
Right speech
Right action
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right concentration
Right mindfulness
-Buddhists believe in reincarnation
-One must stop the cycle of rebirth as a suffering, selfish individual, and must attain Nirvana
- About 1% of Americans are Buddhist
-Buddhism like Hinduism: Reincarnation, Karma, Dharma
-Buddhism not like Hinduism: caste system, Hindu gods, Hindu priesthood
-Worship Practice
-Meditation-deep thought & reflection
-Importance of the Lotus flower
-Believer can blossom while rooted in the impurity of the world
-Theravada- as close as possible to Buddha’s teachings
-Mahayana- more accepting of the changing world
The Dalai Lama- the Present spiritual leader of Buddhism
-14th Dalai Lama
-Has been DL since 1950
-Has been in exile in India since 1959
Islam-
-Middle east and Africa, Indonesia
-The Islamic crescent and star is the international symbol for Islam
-Islam means “submission (to Allah)” in Arabic
-”Allah” is an Arabic word which means “the One True God”
-Muslims believe that the Quran is God’s word as revealed to the prophet Muhammad (570-632 AD? Through the angel Gabriel
-Muslims do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah, although they do believe he was a prophet
-Islam is very family-oriented
The primary means of transmitting the religion are through the family
-Muslims are people that practice Islam
-.6% of U.S. adults follow Islam
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-There are two main sects of Islam: sunni and Shiite
-One of their main differences is in their beliefs about who were the leaders following the death of Prophet Muhammad
-Sunni, from the Arabic word for “tradition: accepted the succession of Muhammad’s elected successors
-the majority of Muslims in the world today are Sunnis
-Shiite, from the Arabic word for “faction,” believe that leaders must be descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and her husband Ali
-They rule Iran and also have a sizeable presence in Iraq and Syria
5 Pillars of Islam
- 1.) Shahada(witness) is the Muslim profession of faith
- “I witness that there is no god but allah, and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”
-Muslims say this when they wake up in the morning and just before they go to sleep at night
-2.) Salat (daily prayer) is a prayer ritual performed 5 times a day by all Muslims over the age of 10
-Face the Kaabe in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
-3.) Sawm (fasting) is abstaining each day during Ramadan
-Ramadan is the holiest day for Islam. It marks when Muhammad had the Quran revealed to him.
-Sawm helps Muslims develop self-control, gain a better understanding of God’s gifts and greater compassion towards the deprived
-Not only is food forbidden between dawn and sunset, but also things like smoking, chewing gum, negative thoughts and secual activity
-4.) Zakat(almsgiving) is giving money to the poor
-This is a compulsory gift of 2.5 % of one’s savings each year
-Giving in this way is intended to free Muslims from the love of money
- It reminds them that everything they have really belongs to God
-5.) Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca that all physically/financially able Muslims should make at least once in their life
-Mecca is the most holy place for Muslims
-Takes place during 8-13of the 12th month of the Islamic Lunar calendar
-they circle the Kaaba seven times, say prayers, drink from a holy spring, walk to Mount Arafat to pray, feast, cast stones at three pillars (to fight Satan's temptation, shave hair and run between hills
Islamic Law
-Sharia Law outlines laws for Muslim and is based from the Quran
-Many African and Middle Eastern countries laws are based on Sharia law
-Five Major Crimes
-Theft, highway robbery, intoxication, adultery and falsely accusing another of adultery
Food Laws
-Very similar laws to the Jewish kosher foods
-No alcohol, pork, blood, no pork fat products,
Issues Facing Islam Today
-Radical Islamic Terrorists
-ISIS
-Al-Qaeda
-Racial profiling in US
-Women’s rights
Why do Muslims Women wear Burkas?
-The Koran calls for both men and women to ‘cover and be modest’
-The Koran does not explicitly say you have to cover yourself in burkas
-Dress is open to interpretation and has been shaped by centuries of cultures in different nations
-Some scholars argue that it is a religious obligation, particularly the more conservative factions within the Muslim world
-There are many variations and interpretation of dress as seen
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