Week of May 8-12

[5Kara]

Monday- workday

Tuesday- 

Countries Over the Centuries

Democratic Republic of the Congo (continued) 

• Portuguese Discover the Congo
  • 1482
  • Diogo Cao sails to the Congo, first European to set foot in the Congo
  • Portuguese set up ties with the King and Natives 
• 1600 to 1700
  • Trade
    • British, Dutch, Portuguese, and French merchants 
    • Slaves
• 1800s Belgian Colonization
  • King Leopold II private venture to colonize Congo
  • 1874-1877: Henry Stanley (British) navigates the Congo River
  • Leopold commissions Henry to establish the King's authority (1879-1887)
• 1884-1885
  • Recognize Leopold's hold over the Congo Basin
  • Congo is now headed by Leopold who stated the Congo as a free state led by him 
• 1891-1892
  • Belgians conquer Katanga 
• Eastern Congo Wrested from Slave Trade
  • 1892-1894: Eastern Congo overthrows Arab-Swahili slave traders 
  • Tippu Tip was an infamous slave trader 
• 1908
  • Belgian state annexes the Congo
  • Protests over Leopold's killings begin, killing millions
  • Belgian control grows stronger 
• 1950s- The Beginning of a Free Congo
  • 1955- Belgian Professor Antoine van Bilsen publishes "30 Year Plan," telling how they are planning to make the Congo a free country
  • 1959- Belgium starts to lose control over the Congo due to nationalistic riots in Leopoldville (capital at the time) 
• 1960
  • In June of 1960, the Congo claims Independence from Belgium
  • In July of 1960, the Congolese army faces mutiny, Belgian troops are sent in to help Belgian people
  • In September of 1960, Kasavubu dismisses Lumumba as their prime minister
  • In December of 1960, Lumumba is arrested
• 1961
  • In February of 1961, Lumamba is murdered
• 1964
  • New prime minister appointed 
• 1998- Rebels
  • Rwanda and Uganda rise up against Kabila to advance on Kinshasa
  • Zimbabwe and Namibia send troops to repel them
  • Angolan troops also side with Kabila
  • The rebels take control 
• Mobutu Years
  • Joseph Mobutu- General
  • 1965- Kasavubu Tshome was ousted in a coup led by Mobutu
  • 1971- changed the name to "Republic of Zaire," his name to "See Seko," and the Congo River to "River Zaire"
  • 1973-1974: Nationalize business firms and drives out European companies
  • 1989- Congo defaults on Belgian loans, deterioration of economy 
• Aftermath of Mobutu
  • May 1997- Tutsi and anti-Mobutu rebels capture Kinsahsa. Zaire is now rennaimed The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Laurent Kabila is installed as president
  • 1998- Rebels from Uganda and Rwanda fight against Kabila. East DRC is taken over. Angolese and Zimbabwe helps 
• Lusaka Peace Accord Signed
  • July 1999- African countries sign ceasefire accord in Lusaka. MLC and RCD (rebel factions in Africa) sign as well 
  • 2000- UN Peace Council authorizes 5,500 UN forces to monitor ceasefire
  • Fighting still continues 

Wednesday- no school

Thursday- French Revolution Crash Course video, workday 

Friday- absent

Tara's Notes:

Panama 

• Connects North America and South America 
• Background
  • Republic of Panama 
  • Capital is Panama city 
  • Population: 3.929 million 
  • It's linking central and south America together
• President
  • Juan Carlos Varela 
  • Since July 1, 2014 
• Native Tribes 
  • Kuna 
  • Dakota 
  • Bocas Del Toro 
• Panama Canal 
  • Took over 10 years and $400 million check 
  • Roughly 30,000,000 pounds of explosives to clear the way for the canal 
  • 48 miles in length 
  • 1914
  • Why was it Built? 
    • President Theodore Roosevelt wanted a trans=isthmian canal so that the US and other countries to ship goods quicker around Central America 
• 1502 
  • Christopher Columbus sails his 4th voyage across the ocean to Panama 
• 1600's 
  • Panama City was destroyed by Henry Morgan 
  • City bounced back quickly 
• 1800's 
  • King of Spain by Napoleon 
  • Panama becomes independent of Spain 
  • Joins the confederacy (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia) 
  • Building of the railway which was 1st transcontinental railway of the New World crossing Isthmus from Colon to Panama city 
  • France tried but failed to build a canal to link the Atlantic with Pacific 
  • France given permit to build a canal across Panama firs they have to come up with a plan
• 1900's 
  • Panama splits from Columbia and becomes fully independent 
  • US buys rights to build panama canal 
  • Official opening of the Panama Canal 
  • Panama ceases to be a US protectant 
  • Bridge of the Americas opened 
• 2000's 
  • January 1st: the control of the Canal passes from USA to Panama by the Torrijos-Carter treaty 
• Bridge of the Americas 
  • Spans across Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal 
  • 5,425 feet long 
  • 201 feet above the water with high tide 
• Torrijos-Carter Treaty 
  • September 7, 1977 
  • Officially called the Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal 
  • Treaty was guaranteed that Panama would have full control over the Panama Canal by 1999 
  • Treaty was named after President Jimmy Carter and the commander from Panama's national guard General Omar Torrijos 
  • Finally passed January 1, 2000