Monday- The Cold War 1945- 1990
US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Definition- A Political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union from 1945- 1990. Spread throughout the world- Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Cartoon- Stalin and Truman- It was like a chess match war of strategy.
Communism- (Soviet Union) (Today- Cuba, North Korea, Louis, 2 more) They control people and what people do. The government is in control. Carl Marx- He hated capitalism- (the economic place where people own businesses) he said its moral, in just, live like kings and the people who work the same get paid next to nothing . The harder you work the more money you make.
vs.
Democracy- People have a say in government. Gives people a choice.
Socialism- The government owns businesses.
vs.
Capitalism- Paid based on effort. Weakness- Income in equality top 1% have %40 of the wealth.
Theory- The poor people of the county rise up and overthrow the rich and make a perfect place where everyone is equal and we share and everyone is happy. (Anarchy, Take Over)
The USA- the people choose- the people don't have a choice.
Cartoon- Communism will provide it for you. USA there is bread but can you afford it.
Cartoon- McCain and Sarapalin- Depression was setting in Uncle Sam asking for money walking away with all the money and taking care of themselves capitalism.
WWI Sets in:
Bolshevik revolution.
Lenin- Dies in 24
Stalin- Purges, Collectivization, Nationalization, Five Year Plans- Increase Agriculture- Took 3 5 year plans.
Soviet- German Non- Aggression Pact
War with Germany
Battle of Berlin- April - May, 1945
Get rid of enemy or they will come after you. Took farms and farmers fought back but Stalin had the military behind him. Businesses were taken. Government taking control. 10 million people died in this process.
Causes:
Different Political Systems- US is based on democracy (freedom), capitalism and freedom. USSR is based on dictatorship no freedom communism and control. People are gonna choose and area that provides for them. (Berlin 1961- Split into 4 zones and they built this wall the Soviets didn't want to) the people went to the West side to the free side. Building the wall admitting defeat.
The Red Scare- 1919-
Both thought their system was better and distrusted the other intentions.
Stalin despised capitalism.
Distrust during WWII. Allies because we had common enemies.
Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta Conference.
American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR's fear of a US attack.
USSR's fear of the atomic bomb
USSR's actions in their German zone.
USSR's goal to spread communism around the world.
The "West" (USA- Democratic) ------- The "East" (Communist)
Tuesday- Talked over the semester test and Mr. Bruns presented
Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain" Speech 1946-
Cartoon- Churchill- Cigar- No one is coming to East
Domino Affect communism to spread it will keep spreading.- We will have to stop it. Containment.
Truman Doctrine- Military supplies to Greece in turkey to help fight off the communist.
Cartoon- we are not going back to Isolation we are kinda leading other countries. We might get pulled into the war. Right Truman looking up with two major questions but the bigger question can we afford not to help they will become communist.
Marshall plan- plan to give billions of dollars to European country's to help them after the war. (George Marshall)
Cartoon- Starting to get a hang of it. Get the training wheels off so we can support ourselves.
Brinkmanship- 1950's - 1960's John F Kennedy vs Nikita Crewsheif- Foreign policy- US had to be willing to go to brink of war without getting into war.
Mutual Deterrence Destruction- Everyone is going to die.
Atomic Bomb- Used for Defensive weapons. To prevent war and other countries from attacking.
Nato- In 1949 it started- Defensive alliance against America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway and Italy.
CIA vs KGB- Central Intelligence Agency- 1947 Present. Double Agent
Stalin Dies- 1953- Nikita Khrushchev
Peacful Co-Existence - After 1953- Nuclear war might not have to happen. De- Stalinization- tearing down statues.
Detente- 1970's- Easing of tension.
Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to Power 1985 USSR- He allowed some change. He wanted to keep the Soviet Union some rules. Allowed more freedom. Glasnost- free speech and free press. He was doing it to try and save the Soviet union. Lost his job.
Wednesday-
USSR's First Atomic Test 1949
Nuclear Power of the World- North Korea, Russia, US, GB, China, India, and Pakistan
Bombing underground
Banning the test of Nuclear war
Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty 1970's: Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapon technology. Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
The Ballistic Missile Defense System- Missile Defense Agency- Program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attack on the US or allies.
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1996- Signed by President Bill Cliton. Not ratified by the Senate. A ban on testing.
International Atomic Energy Agency Watch dog make sure they are falling the rules.
INF- Reduced the amount of ground launch missiles.
Start Treaty- 80% of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
Sort- 2003-2011 reducing nuclear weapons
Start 2- A new inspection and verification system will be established.
United Nations- work things out peacefully
The First Berlin Crisis- Berlin Blockade/ Airlift- The division of Germany and berlin- Blocked it in people were gonna starve and people in the hospitals were gonna die. the airlift what we did day after day we airlifted supplies in food, medical supplies, anything. Stalin wanted the entire city. It looked like war was gonna happen. Truman had the atomic bomb in his back pocket and Stalin new this, So Stalin is in a tough spot now whats Stalin going to do. Shooting the planes down would start another war so he did nothing and let us do what we were doing. The blockade ended and the rest of the cold war.
Red scare- stop immigration and tried to stop communism.
The second red scare- Found guilty of spying for the Soviets, caused panic. The Iron Curtain surrounding Eastern Europe- 1945. The USSR detonating the atomic bomb 1949. China becoming communist. The Korean War starting
Chiang Kai Shek- China becomes communist
McCarthy- WWII he used the red scare to his advantage. Communism in the government. Name Names . He became powerful Eisenhower he would not condemn him and he was really popular and then he said the military had communism and then people didn't believe him.
McCarthyism- The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.
House Un-American Activities Committee- Be lived that Hollywood was making communist propaganda. Arrest 10 people and serve 1 year in prison and 1,000 fine. Charlie Chaplin- Blacklisted
Thursday-
Eisenhower Embarrassment- Francis Gary Powers shot down in USSR-1960
Berlin Wall 1961- Felt they had to make it because they thought people would chose the but they picked freedom.
Fidel Castro Overthrows Batista- He becomes communist and becomes and enemy and concern of ours.
Bay of pigs- We didn't want a communist leader so close to the US so we had to take him down but we didn't want to do it. the central intelligence trained people in Mexico to go in and take Castro down. We wanted to look like Cuba did it and not us. We promised we would cover them with air support. We fail. Kennedy didn't give air support. Kennedy didn't want US planes and we left them to fight by themselves. Castro found out about it and was prepared. Arrested and killed and we exchanged food and supplies. Kennedy looked terrible to the Cuban's. Embarrassment.
Kange of Soviet missiles Launched- Closes to bombing war. Kennedy makes a blockade for Cuba. Not allowing any Soviet ships passed. Most turned around and some went through and we fired over them. We will take down their missile sights. If we can't get more we will get attacked. Then we will invade.
The compromise- the soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba. The US would promise never to invade Cuba. The US would secretly remove our nuclear missiles from turkey within Sic months.
Detente- Easy of tension between us and enemy
Soviets Invade Afghanistan-
Ronald Reagan Becomes President- Ran on a very strong anti- communist platform.
Nov 9, 1989 Berlin wall goes down.
President of Russia Boris- Helped establish Russia. We had to close ties with our allies and the USSR didn't. china started siding with us after 1972. China was closer to us than the soviet union. The soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US"s was flourishing. Huge deficit, high inflation, corruption, social problems, shortage of basic needs (foods, housing). The strong anti- communist presidency of Reagan. Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform. Glasnost and perestroika, admitted Soviet mistakes, took blame for the Cold war , communist system had failed, allowed Eastern Europe to do what they wanted. Arms Reduction Talks, SALT, INF, REAGAN- GORBACHEV meetings.
Soviet Mistakes- Invasion of Afghanistan, ignoring social concerns, spent everything on military.
Post- Cold War- In the 1990's the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place. We didn't have any major threat to worry about, president Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing the size of the US military. 9-11 caught the Us off guard.
Today- Allies or Enemy?
Friday-
The Korean Conflict: The Forgotten War 1950-53
2 million people died. 4 year world. This war really seems like a wasted war.
Korea was invaded and ruled by Japan from 1910 until 1945. After WWII, Korea was split into two-North (USSR) and South(US) at the 38th parallel. An election was going be held to eventually unify Korea.
Soviet refused to separate.
Kim II- Sung: The greatest leader of all time of all time. He is seen God like.
Late 1940's for about 4 years after WWII we have troops in Korea and we decide to pull the out and we need to go back to Japan and that opened the door for North Korea. So they thought to invade so they got soviet union and Stalin to back them up. With the "permission" of Stalin and mow. The North it was good. September they have half the entire Peninsula. They push them all the way down to Pusan. United Nations has a military force decides to take action and votes to send troops to help and the South push the north back. We launch a D-Day style invasion. 2 months later we are knocking on China's door. General Dough McCarther was the general leader. Truman told McCaurther be careful we don't want them to think we are attacking them. China invades and pushes us all the way back down past South sol. All the fighting takes place in the parallel area. Armasis line.
Eventually a cease- fire was established on July 27th, 1953 near the 38th parallel.
DMZ- Demilitarized but it is the most militarized. (North Korea)
The Vietnam Conflict- 1950- 1975
French Indo China-
Ho Chi Minh- was our enemy leader of the communist. He wanted independence he was our Allie in WWII.
They had a conference and decided actually Vietnam no we are going to split you and we will have an election and unifies the country. The election didn't happen both side thought they would lose.
Escalation- WE started sending money. We set military advisers to train the, Started with the deployment of military advisers to the South Vietnamese army. Then started using special forces (Green Berets) for commando- style operations. Then regular troops were sent for defensive purposes only. Finally, in 1964, regular troops were used for offensive combat. Once U.S. troops were in active combat, escalation shifted to the adding of more and more US troops.
Richard Nick-son 1968
The Tet Offensive 1968, massive offensive put out by our enemies. tet= day off. After the fact that the US military said they would attack. Military it was our biggest resounding victory in history. It was the mid set that our government had been lying to us.
Anti- War: tet offensive, pentagon papers, injuring/ killing innocent people, supporting a bad government in South, the power of the press. They raped women killed babies. People saw us hurting innocent people. Napalm- burn skin.
Kent St. School shooting. Ohio, 5 students were shot and protesting the war.
My lai Massacre- we killed millions of people all these terrible things in 1968 happened and people didn't want to go over there.
get out of serving?0- Went to Canada or Sweden, went to college (student deferment), got married, medically unfit for service, joined the National Guard or Peace Corps, claimed to be homosexual, being rich.
Nixon and Vietnam:Nixon called for the people to fall back. We left in 1973 pulled troops back and next year North vietnam invades southa nd takes over country and has been communist ever since.
Comments