Monday: Cold War 1945-1990 (45 years) - US (democratic) vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (soviet union, Russia, USSR). Semester Test Questions: understand the causes, effects, and goals and major events of the cold war: Under the causes, effects and major events of the Korean war...... Definition: a political, strategic, and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union from 1945-1990. This Spread throughout the World-Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Stalin and Truman playing chess matches (strategic struggle). Discussion Communism vs Democracy: The United states is a democracy and it is a government ran by the people. Communism: Communist countries- china, north Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, lous. The mother communist country was the Union of soviet socialists republics. Practice is were the gov has everything and all the power, it could be many people in charge working as a group and they provide for you but take away some rights. The Theory- Is to be equal for all people (never happened). Capitalism/socialism: Capitalism- strength: if you work hard you get paid more and also there is incentive businesses that the people own. Socialism- everyone gets the same wage, no incentive also the gov owns all of the businesses. Discuss History of the Soviet Union: Bolshevik revolution (communists revolution), Lenin (died in 1924) and Stalin: purges (to kill people), collectivization (collected all farms and made it one big one, crushed all the farms), nationalization (gov took over all businesses), five year plans (all about improvement), Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, War with Germany (Tide of war changes because of the winter time) , Battle of Berlin in April May 1945. Soviet Union was always going down economically and US went up a lot of the time. Stalin takes over in 1927. Causes of the Cold War- Different political systems- US is based on democracy, capitalism, and freedom. USSR is based on dictatorship, communism, and control. The Red Scare 1919- Fear that communists would come over to the United States and take us over, the US stopped immigration because we were scared, we had Palmer raids. Both thought their system was better and distrusted the other intentions. Stalin despised Capitalism. Distrust during WWII. Stalin and Hitler. Causes of Cold War continued..... Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta Conference (agreed to split Germany into 4 zones, promised to give his country free elections, he said he would go to war for France) He lied to US and forced East to become communists. American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR's fear of a US attack. USSR's fear of the atomic bomb, USSR's actions in their German Zone, USSR's goals to spread communism around the world. Yalta conference. The West- western world and powers (western Europe and united states, great Britain, Canada....) and the East (communists).
Tuesday- Went over Semester Test questions. Post WWII/ Cold War Goals for the US- wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression (World Trade became a big deal), we wanted to promote democracy throughout the world especially in Asia and Africa, and to Stop the spread of communism (policy of containment). To stop the spread of communism can be answers to a lot of questions. Post WWII/ Cold war goals for the USSR- wanted to create greater security for itself, lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges, feared a strong Germany, establish defensible borders, encourage friendly governments on their border, and spread communism around the world. Key terms- iron curtain speech, domino theory, policy of containment continued..... Winston Churchill iron curtain speech in 1946. After WWII he becomes prime minister again and he said speech called iron curtain and it meant that it is too bad that the great city's couldn't have normal lives and that there is an invisible wall so west couldn't go to east and east couldn't go to west how Europe was split into two. Domino Effect by Eisenhower 1954 we were scared that if we don't stop the communism we will all fall like domino's. Communist snake eating countries to become communists. Policy of Containment in 1946- to stop spread of communism. Truman Doctrine- in 1947 the British were helping the Greek government fighting against communists guerrillas, they appealed to america for aid and we responded with the Truman Doctrine, the Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies and by 1949 had defeated the communists (all we did was send supplies and machinery but no actual military people). Marshal Plan: in 1947 US secretary of State Marshal announced the Marshall Plan, this was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from WWII, there were two motives: helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for american goods, benefiting american industry, and a prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism. Brinkmanship 1950's and 1960's- it was very dangerous and it says that the United states has to be willing to go to the brink of war without actually going to war. Massive retaliation- to fight back even more. mutual deterrence, mutual assured destruction- both sides will lose a lot of people. NATO- in 1949 the western nations formed the north Atlantic treaty organization to coordinate their defense against Russia, NATO was a defensive alliance, this was the first peacetime alliance in US history, it consisted of: america, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy. still around today and has expanded. Warsaw Pact (1955-1991) NATO vs War Saw Pact- A soviet unions NATO (their defense alliance). CIA vs. KGB- Central intelligence Agency: 1947 to present, Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti: Committee for state security from 1954 to 1991. The waged war against each other, who could out maneuver each other. 1953 Stalin Dies. Nikita Khrushchev came into power after in 1954. He talked about peaceful Co-Existence after 1953. De-stalinization after 1953. Detente (easing of tensions)-1970's. Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR in 1985. Perestroika and Glasnost 1985: perestroika- restructuring of the soviet economy and political system (more democracy and free elections). Glasnost- more openness of the soviet government and for it's people (free speech and press) and he brought downfall of Soviet Union.
Wednesday- USSR's first atomic test in 1949- on this day the world became a somehow safer place. Nuclear Powers of the world- United states, china, north Korea, Russia, UK. The original 5 were the united states 1945, Russia 1949, United kingdom 1952, France 1960, China 1964. Ones included today are India 1974, Pakistan 1998, north Korea 2006, Israel, Iran developing. New Deal struck (4-2-15) and maybe not (4-9-15). Nuclear Test Ban Treaty- JFK signed partial nuclear test ban treaty 1963 (above ground which made people do it underground). Nuclear non proliferation Treaty 1970: prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. Anti ballistic missile. The ballistic missile defense system- missile defense agency, program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attack on the US or allies. It would cause the nuclear missile to break apart and knock it offs its path. We support all the NATO countries and more. In 1972 US and USSR signed the anti-ballistic missile treaty to not make a defense and we dropped out of it. TREATIES helped make nuclear weapons less for the countries: Salt I Treaty- US/USSR 1972- reduce nuclear weapons in the world, Comprehensive nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1996- banned nuclear testing (testing/ having them or treaties for it), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1957 and they go into countries to make sure that they follow the rules and that they aren't getting more nuclear weapons. INF Treaty, The START treaty- 1991-2009 removed 80 % of nuclear weapons in existence, SORT 2003-2011 reduced nuclear weapons and cut over half by 2009, New START- reduce amount of missile launchers by half and ends in 2021. United Nations 1945- world wide nation that spreads peace and solve/disputes easily, can wage war. The First Berlin Crisis- Berlin Blockade/Airlift (June 1948- May 1949)- United states would send supplies to West Berlin and Stalin blockaded us so we couldn't get in, Blockade is a war tactic and we airlifted supplies in to Berlin and Stalin does nothing. Stalin stopped his blockade and allowed us in to bring supplies also he was defeated. The Second Red Scare 1947-1957 causes Julius and Ethel trial, found guilty of spying for the soviets executed in 1953 (caused panic), More causes included the iron curtain surrounding Easter Europe (split in two), the USSR detonating their atomic bomb, china becoming communist in 1949, the Korean war started in 1950 causing domino effect, and Stalin's actions in Germany Berlin blockade. East and West Germany 1949-1990 then Germany reunified in 1991. Chiang Kai Shek (leader of China) vs. Mae Zedong (communists leader)- they get back to war and Mae zedong because he loses and China becomes communist. Taiwan was what united states dealt with- not china. Alien registration Act of 1940, senator joe McCarthy- he told everyone that there are communists in our government, he said this and becomes a powerful person which makes people lose their jobs and ruin their careers. He later said communists are in our military and people started to not believe him and no one supported him anymore. McCarthy died 3 years later from alcoholism. House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC 1945-1957) went after Hollywood for all of the movies the had propaganda about communist in it and for being communist film makers. They also went after actors and actresses (ex. Charlie Chaplin) US Test of hydrogen Bomb, USSR launches Sputnik 1957 (Space Race) (Russian satellite) (Then a Russian was first person in space) Education was heavily stressed so we can get ahead of the soviet union.
Thursday- USSR Launches sputnik. Francis Gary Powers Shot down in USSR 1960. Eisenhower Embarrassment- leader khrushchev saying to president that he was lieing to his people. Things got worse during 1960's. Berlin Wall was made in 1961 which splitted Germany into 2. It tried to separate cities and people were fleeing from east Berlin to west Berlin for more freedom. The wall had a death area were if you were caught you would be shot a killed. November 1989 is when the wall came down. Berlin wall was a symbol of the war lasted 1961-1989. Brandenburg gate and checkpoint charlie. Fidel Castro Overthrows Batista (he died in November 2016). The Bay of Pigs: What was it- a bay in Cuba and it was a anticastro led invasion in Cuba to overthrow Castro's government (CIA trained Cubans down in mexico to go and invade Cuba) , What were the results?- We supported them with airplanes but we did not win and it backfires because Kennedy didn't provide air cover , How did it hurt president Kennedy. There weren't a lot of troops invading, we didn't give the Cubans air-cover, and the troops were either captured or killed. Kennedy lied and that hurt him, also the military thought he was weak here and were also embarrassed. The next year it led to this crisis called the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. We took pictures and we figured out that they had missiles that could hit anywhere in the United States. We launch first to try to destroy all of their stuff and there was going to be an invasion the next day. It didn't happened and there was a compromise reached- the soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba, The US would promise never to invade Cuba, The US would secretly remove out nuclear missiles from Turkey within six months. Leonid Brezhnev- 1964-1982 (kind of saved the world, he was forced out because it was a loss for Cuba). Nixon visits China (1970's hit watergate), nixon visits Moscow. Then in 1979 Soviets invade Afghanistan (being invade mushahadean which today is the Taliban and alkida). They invade to try to save their communists government, US gives forces and resources to the mushahadean. Soviet Union bombed them and basically destroyed Afghanistan. in 1980 we boycotted the Olympic games and stopped trade. Ronald Reagan becomes president in 1981- ran on a very strong anti-communists platform, soviets had just invaded Afghanistan. Yuri Andropov- USSR leader. They symbol of the end of the Cold War- Berlin Wall comes down in Nov. 9, 1989. Boris Yeltsin- president of Russia (1991-1999). Why did the US win and why did they lose: we had close ties with out allies and the USSR didn't, China started siding with us after 1972, The soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US's was flourishing; huge deficit, high inflation, corruption, social problems, shortage of basic needs (food, housing, etc.), The strong anti-communist presidency of Reagan, Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform a glasnost and perestroika, Admitted soviet mistakes, took blame for the cold war, communist system had failed, allowed eastern Europe to do what they wanted, arms reduction talks; SALT, INF, Reagan/Gorbachev meetings, soviet mistakes including invasion of Afghanistan, ignoring socials concerns, and spent everything on military. Post Cold War- in 1990's the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place, we didn't have any major threat to worry about, 9-11 caught the US off guard. Puttin New Leader in Russia 1999-2008 and 2012-now. Allies or enemies: Did Russia work with Trump to hack Hilary's email and get Trump to win the election?
Friday- The Korean Conflict- the forgotten war: 1950-1953 Korean War- in between WWII and Vietnam war. We never officially declared war. lasted 3 years, and the world seemed to be falling apart. Korea was split into north (communistic and struggles) and south (democratic and flourishes). Origins Korea was invaded and ruled by Japan from 1910 until 1945, after WWII Korea was split into tow north (USSR) and South (US) at the 38th parallel, an elections was going to be held to eventually unify Korea and they refused the results so it didn't unify country. USSR assumed it would be rigged election so they refused to be part of it. Kim II Sung: seen as god like and was well respected. Korea was split; Before Kim invades.... US in 1940 decides to pull out all troops out of south Korea, by doing this it opened the door for them to invade. He wanted opinions from Stalin and the leader of china. United Nations then sent troops to help South Korea out. Douglas MacArthur led troops here (didn't always get along with the president). This war was very back and fourth and then it ends where it started basically. MacArthur was fired after not following Truman's orders. Eventually a cease fire was established on July 27th, 1953 near the 38th parallel. Nobody really won or lost. The Vietnam conflict 1950-1957: The french connection: known as french indo-china, He was allies with us during WWII. Dien Bien Phu- french were defeated here and pulled out (1954) ho chi men thought that they would get their independence and it didn't happen. It didn't happen because of the Geneva Conference 1954- north (communist), South (anticommunist and US helped them). Escalation 1957-1975- the United states got involved because we started giving money to France and eventually we started sending military advisers. Then we started sending Special Forces (green berets) for commando style operations and then in about a year we sent regular troops to fight for defensive purposed only, then later we sent regular troops to fight for the offensive purpose. 1964-1968 is all about troops. 1969 is when we started de-escalation. congress gave president Johnston the power to do what he wanted after one of our ships was attacked. Gulf of Tonkin..... The Tet offensive- lunar holiday- day of rest/day off, The enemy then launched large attacks on a lot of cities. we will be like a tiger coming out of the jungle......the elephant....People were against the war because of tet offensive, pentagon papers, injuring/killing innocent people (My lai massacre), supporting a bad government in South, The power of the press. Napalm Attack. Kent St. protests of Vietnam war (5 students were killed). My lai massacre. How did people get out of serving, went to Canada or Sweden, went to college, got married, medically unfit for service, joined the national guard or peace corps, claimed to be homosexual, being rich. Nixon and Vietnam (vietnamization- pulled US out and made vietnam fight) year we pull out the north invades the south and becomes communist
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