Week of May 1-5

Monday-

Countries Over the Centuries Presentations

Australia

Culture
- 1500-1700: Culture was based around the native people
- 1700-present day: Based on a Western culture, derived from Britain
Religion
- Not a super religious country
- Only 9% of people go to church on a weekly basis
- Roman Catholic is the largest religion
- 22.3% of Australians have no religion
1500s
- Aborigines lived there for about 40,000 years until the Europeans arrived
1600s
- Same as 1500s, nothing major happened
- The Dutch made the first recorded European landing in Australia in 1606 but didn't explore much
1700s
- James Cook sails to Australia and claims it for Britain in 1770
- In 1783, the British lose their American colonies, and so they established a penal colony (a place for prisoners) in Australia
1800s
- In the early 1800s, free settlers campaigned to end the shipment of convicts to the Australian colonies
- There was a gold rush in the 1850s
- From 1855 to 1890, the six colonies on Australia gained independence on their own internal affairs, but the British Empire still controlled their defense, trade, and foreign affairs
1900s
- In 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia was formed as a part of the British Empire
- Australians fought with Britain in WWI on the Western Front
- Known for fighting in the Gallipoli Campaign
- Many Australians felt the the Gallipoli Campaign was the birth of their country, their first major military action as Australians
- During WW2, the Japanese were attacking the Australian territory of Papua New Guinea
- The Australians fought against them and eventually defeated them
- Australia successfully defended itself with Australian troops and thus it was a nation-defining moment
200s
- Olympics were held in Sydney
- 100th Anniversary of the Proclamation of Commonwealth of Australia
- After the 9/11 attacks, Australian Prime Minister John Howard sent troops to Afghanistan and Iraq
  - Afghanistan in 2001
  - Iraq in 2003 and 2005

Tuesday-

Countries Over the Centuries Presentations

Argentina

Background
- Colonized by Spain in the 16th century
- Declared independence on July 9th, 1816
- Capital is Buenos Aires
- Government type: Republic
- Main religion: Roman Catholic
- Population: 43.5 million
- 8th largest country in the world
1400s
- 1480- Inca Empire launched an attack and conquered Northwestern Argentina
1500s
- 1516- Juan Diaz de Solis was the first European explorer to visit Argentina byt was killed by the natives
- 1526- Sebastian Cabot built a short lived fort near Rosario
- 1553- Santiago del Estero was founded
- 1561- Medoza was founded
- 1562- San Juan was founded
- 1573-Cardoba and Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz were founded
- 1580- Permanent colony was re-established by Spain on the site of Buenos Aires
- 1582- Salta was founded
- 1593- San Salvador de Jujuy was founded
1600s
- 1609- First Jesuit missions to Guarani
- 1613- University of Cordoba founded
- 1657- Diaguita rebellion
- 1661- San Ignacio School in Cordoba
- 1680- Portuguese established a trading post across the Rio de la Plata from Buenos Aires
- 1685- City of Tucuman moved to current-day location in Central Argentina
1700s
- 1767- Jesuits expelled from Spanish territories
- 1776- Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata was established- the last to be organized and also the shorted-lived of the Viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire
- 1796- Establishment of the Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires, which was mostly a guild of merchants with powers entrusted to them by the King in trade matters
1800s
- 1806- British unsuccessfully invaded Rio de la Plata
- 1813- The first battle in the Argentine War of Independence
- 1815- Argentina lost Bolivia due to too many losses in the War of Independence
- 1816- Argentina declares independence
- 1820- Battle of Cepeda
- 1825- Rio de la Plata declares independence from Brazil
1900s
- 1945- Argentina enters WWII on the side of the Allies and admitted as founding member of United Nations
- 1984- The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina ends border dispute over Picton, Nueva, and Lennox Islands
- 1994- Bombing of AMIA Jewish Community Center in Buenos Aires, killing 85
- 1998- US President Bill Clinton designated Argentina as a major non-NATO ally
- 1999- LAPA flight 3142 crash at Aeroparque Jorge Newberry airport resulted in 65 fatalities
2000s
- 2002- Duhalde imposes further financial measures to convert the dollar to pesos
- 2003- Former President Carlos Menem wins first round of presidential elections but pulled out of second round
- 2004- Antarctic Treaty Secretariat
- 2005- First disputes of the Cellulose plant conflict
- 2007- Cristina Kirchner becomes new president of Argentina

Wednesday-

Countries Over the Centuries Presentations

The United Kingdom

United Kingdom v Great Britain v England v British Isles
- United Kingdom: includes four countries- Northern Ireland, Wales, England, and Scotland
- Great Britain is also included inside of the United Kingdom
- England is its own country but is also part of Great Britain and the United Kingdom
- British Isles are the countries of Ireland and the Great Britain
Religion
- Mostly Christian
1500s
- King Henry VIII crowned
- Battle of Flodden Field- English defeat the Scots and French
  - Fought between England and Scotland
  - Fought in Braxton
  - Scottish Leader- King James IV
  - English Leader- Thomas Howard
  - Largest battle between the two kingdoms
- King Henry gets married to Anne Boleyn
- William Shakespeare is born
1600s
- Treaty of London
- Isaac Newton is born
- First turnpike road was made in 1663
- The last outbreak of the Bubonic Plague
- Great Fire of London, last for four days
1700s
- Treaty of Union
  - Scotland and England joined together to become Great Britain
- Robert Walpole- First Prime Minister of Great Britain
- Seven Years War- struggles between Great Britain and its bourbon enemies
- George II resisted French attacks in Germany
- 1762- Spain and France attack Portugal, UK went to help
- Portuguese resist successfully
- Treaty of Paris
- British troops sent to American Colonies to fight American colonists
- British troops lose
1800s
- War of 1812- restrict US trade and Navy's impressment of American seaman and its desire to expand territory
- British destroy the capital
- Treaty of Ghent
- 1830- Invention of photography
- 1832- Reform Act
1900s
- Boer War
  - Britain defeats two South African Boer States
- Dutch Cape Colonies sparked the Boer War
- World War I ends and the League of Nations is created
- Anglo-Irish Treaty
  - Ireland breaks away from the UK
- UK is known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- WWII begins with Winston Churchill as Prime Minister

India

The British East India Company
- 1700-1857
- Aurangzeb (6th Mughal Emperor)
  - After his death, his son started the company
- 1721
  - Attingal Outbreak
  - 140 British soldiers were killed by Native Indians
  - There was also a hurricane that killed several people
- Early 1800
  - British East India Company was known as British Raj.
  - India's population is 200 million
  - The British now control large parts of India and Delhi because of the Second Anglo-Maratha War

Thursday-

Countries Over the Centuries Presentations

India

The British East India Company
- 1700-1857
- Aurangzeb (6th Mughal Emperor)
  - After his death, his son started the company
- 1721
  - Attingal Outbreak
  - 140 British soldiers were killed by Native Indians
  - There was also a hurricane that killed several people
- Early 1800
  - British East India Company was known as British Raj.
  - India's population is 200 million
  - The British now control large parts of India and Delhi because of the Second Anglo-Maratha War
The Marathas
- They were the only major power left besides the British
- They were a confederacy of 5 major chiefs
  - The Peshwa
  - The Gaekwad
  - The Holkar
  - The Scindia
  - The Bhonsale
- Peshwa-Scindia v. Holkar
  - The chiefs had internal arguments
  - This lead to the Peshwa and the Scindia to join forces and fight the Holkar
  - The Holkar attacked the Peshwa and Scindia at the Battle of Ponna
  - Holkar marched through India until he conquered the city of Pune
  - After their faction war, he set up a nominal leader for the Peshwa and returned home
Second Angle-Maratha War 1803
- Cause: the nominal leader of the Peshwa was threatening the British rule in India
- Leaders: British
  - Gerard Lake
  - Arthur Wellesley
- Leaders: Maratha
  - Daulat Scindhia
  - Raghoji Bhonsale
  - Yashwantraw Holkar
- The Battle of Assaye
  - 1803
  - It was lead by Wellesley for the British
  - The British were outnumbered by the combined armies of Maratha
  - The British ended up winning the battle which was a major victory in the war
Mid 1800s
- Slavery was finally abolished in India in 1833
- 1840- French scholar Joseph de Gobineau writes "The Inequality of Human Races," which proclaims the Aryan race as the superior race
- In 1843, the British conquer Sind region which is known as Pakistan today
- 1853- German Christian philologist Max Muller advocates that the term "Aryan" means people from central Asia
First Indian Revolution
- Lasted from May 10, 1857 to November 1, 1858 (only 1 year 8 months)
- Cause: soliders didn't want to serve overseas
- Victor: British defeasted and stopped the rebellion
- Death: estimated around 800,000 to 10 million and most were civilians
Late 1800s
- Ghandi was born in 1869
- 1885- Group of middle class found the Indian National Congress which is the origin of their government today
- 1886- Max Muller revised his stance on his term of "Aryan" to say that anyone who speaks the Aryan language is Aryan (Aryan language is from Greek)
- 1896- Nationalist leader Bal Bangadhar Tilak spreads nationalism through India to help push for independence
Ghandi
- Born on October 2, 1869 at Portbandar in the present day Indian state of Gujarat
India
- India was part of the British Empire but by the end of 1947, India had achieved independence
- India was considered the jewel in the crown of the British Empire
LPS
- 1991
- Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization
- Liberalization is defined as making economics free to enter in the market and establish their venture in the country
- Privatization is defined as when the control of economics is shifted from public to a private hand
- Globalization- regional economies, societies, and cultures have becmone integrated through a global network
Indian Government Today
- Prime Minister: Narendra Modi
- President: Pranab Mukherjee
- Federal Government was established by the Constitution of India
- Constitution was written November 26, 1949 and put into effect on January 26, 1950

Friday-

Countries Over the Centuries

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Portuguese Discover the Congo
- 1482
- Diogo Cao sails to the Congo, first European to set foot in the Congo
- Portuguese set up ties with the King and Natives
1600 to 1700
- Trade
  - British, Dutch, Portuguese, and French merchants
  - Slaves
1800s Belgian Colonization
- King Leopold II private venture to colonize Congo
- 1874-1877: Henry Stanley (British) navigates the Congo River
- Leopold commissions Henry to establish the King's authority (1879-1887)
1884-1885
- Recognize Leopold's hold over the Congo Basin
- Congo is now headed by Leopold who stated the Congo as a free state led by him
1891-1892
- Belgians conquer Katanga
Eastern Congo Wrested from Slave Trade
- 1892-1894: Eastern Congo overthrows Arab-Swahili slave traders
- Tippu Tip was an infamous slave trader
1908
- Belgian state annexes the Congo
- Protests over Leopold's killings begin, killing millions
- Belgian control grows stronger
1950s- The Beginning of a Free Congo
- 1955- Belgian Professor Antoine van Bilsen publishes "30 Year Plan," telling how they are planning to make the Congo a free country
- 1959- Belgium starts to lose control over the Congo due to nationalistic riots in Leopoldville (capital at the time)
1960
- In June of 1960, the Congo claims Independence from Belgium
- In July of 1960, the Congolese army faces mutiny, Belgian troops are sent in to help Belgian people
- In September of 1960, Kasavubu dismisses Lumumba as their prime minister
- In December of 1960, Lumumba is arrested
1961
- In February of 1961, Lumamba is murdered
1964
- New prime minister appointed
1998- Rebels
- Rwanda and Uganda rise up against Kabila to advance on Kinshasa
- Zimbabwe and Namibia send troops to repel them
- Angolan troops also side with Kabila
- The rebels take control
Mobutu Years
- Joseph Mobutu- General
- 1965- Kasavubu Tshome was ousted in a coup led by Mobutu
- 1971- changed the name to "Republic of Zaire," his name to "See Seko," and the Congo River to "River Zaire"
- 1973-1974: Nationalize business firms and drives out European companies
- 1989- Congo defaults on Belgian loans, deterioration of economy

Blogs

Week of May 1-5

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