Week of May 1-5

Monday-

The Cold War 1945-1990

US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Definition
1. A political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union from 1945-1990
2. Spread throughout the world-Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Communism vs. Democracy
Socialism vs. Capitalism
History of Soviet Union
1. Bolshevik Revolution
  1. Communist revolution in Russia
  2. Started by Lenin
  3. Lenin and communists take over Russia
  4. Lenin dies-1924
2. Stalin takes over Russia
  1. Purges
  2. Collectivization
    1. process of soviet union taking over farms
  3. Nationalization
    1. process of soviet union taking over businesses
  4. Five Year Plans
    1. improve agricultural and industrial output of the soviet union
3. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
4. War with Germany
5. Battle of Berlin-April-May, 1945
Causes of the Cold War
1. Different political systems
  1. US is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
  2. USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
2. The Red Scare- 1919
3. Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
4. Stalin despised capitalism
5. Distrust during WWII
6. Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta conference
7. American fear of a communist attack(Red Scare) and USSR's fear of a US attack
8. USSR's fear of the atomic bomb
9. USSR's actions in their German zone
10. USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
"The West"
1. Western Europe, US, Canada, etc.
2. Democratic
"The East"
1. Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, etc.
2. Communist
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for the US
1. Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
2. Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
3. Stop the spread of communism
  1. Policy of containment
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for the USSR
1. Wanted to create greater security for itself
  1. lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
  2. feared a strong Germany
2. Establish defensible boarders
3. Encourage friendly government on its boarders
4. Spread communism around the world

Tuesday-

Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain" Speech- 1946
1. He said that an iron curtain spread across the country of Europe
2. symbolized the split between the west and the east
Domino Effect-Eisenhower-1954
1. if one country falls to communism, then other countries are going to fall to communism also.
Policy of Containment-1946
1. stopping the spread of communism
Truman Doctrine
1. Gave weapons and supplies to Greece and Turkey so they could fight communist guerrillas
Marshall Plan
1. Giving money to Europe to help them rebuild after WWII
2. Two motives
  1. It would help American businesses
  2. if countries are strong, communism won't spread there
Brinkmanship-1950's -1960's
1. US had to be willing to go to war(what we said) but we hoped they would surrender.
NATO
1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
2. Our alliance with Western nations
3. Was a defensive alliance
4. First peacetime alliance in US History
Warsaw Pact 1955-1991
1. Axis powers
2. Soviet union and eastern European alliance
CIA vs KGB
1. Central Intelligence Agency-1947-Present
2. Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Besopasnosti
  1. Committee for state security
  2. 1954-1991
Stalin dies- 1953
Nikita Khrushchev- 1953-1964
Peaceful Co-existence - after 1953
De-Stalinization-After 1953
1. taking down statues
2. seem to become more open
Detente-1970's
1. french for an easing of tensions
Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR-1985
1. ended the Soviet Union
Perestroika and Glasnost -1985
1. Perestroika
  1. being more open in government
2. Glasnost
  1. being more open for people (free speech and press)

Wednesday-

USSR's First Atomic Test- 1949
Nuclear Powers of the World
1. US, North Korea, China, Russia, India, United Kingdom, France, Pakistan, Israel
Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizations
1. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty- 1963
  1. Banned above ground nuclear testing
2. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty-1968
  1. if you don't have nuclear weapons, you cannot make any
3. SALT I Treaty-1972
  1. Reducing nuclear weapons
4. Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1996
Ballistic Missile Defense System
1. program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attack on the US or allies
United Nations 1945-Present
1. Replaced the League of Nations
2. World Wide peacekeeping organization
The First Berlin Crisis- Berlin Blockade/Airlift
1. June 1948- May 1949
2. Germany is split into 4 zones
3. Berlin is entirely in Russian Zone
  1. Berlin is split into 4 zones
4. Stalin doesn't like that he doesn't have the entire city
5. He blockades the entire city
6. The US did not want war
7. US dropped supplies off from airplanes
The Second Red Scare- 1947-57
1. Causes
  1. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
    1. Found guilty of spying for the Soviets-executed in 1953
  2. The Iron Curtain surrounding Eastern Europe- 1945
  3. The USSR detonating their atomic bomb- 1949
  4. China becoming communist in 1949
  5. The Korean War starting in 1950-Domino Effect
  6. Stalin's actions in Germany-Berlin Blockade
Chiang Kai Shek vs. Mao Zedong
1. Fight each other- 1930's
2. When Japan invades china, they work together to defeat the Japanese
3. Mao's forces are better then Chiang
4. After WWII civil war picks back up.
Alien Registration Act of 1940
1. Made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US government
Senator Joe McCarthy
1. He came out and said that he had a list of communists in the US government
2. Given a lot of power by the congress
3. Never showed anyone who these people were
4. Had hearings
5. Caused panic throughout our country
6. eventually he said there were communists in the military as well
7. people realized he had no proof
8. McCarthyism
  1. Accusing someone of something without having proof
House Un-American Activities Committee
1. believed that Hollywood films were full of communist propaganda
USSR launches Sputnik-1957
1. Soviet had first satellite in space

Thursday-

Yuri Gagarin- 1961
1. first man in space
2. caused US to panic
Francis Gary Powers Shot Down in USSR- 1960
Berlin Wall-1961
1. Concrete wall between East and West Berlin
2. Soviet Union built this wall so people wouldn't flee to west Berlin
Fidel Castro Overthrows Batista
1. Comes to power in Cuba
Bay of Pigs
1. water where an invasion took place
2. Water by Cuba
3. Invasion takes place but it fails
Cuban Missile Crisis- October, 1962
1. USSR puts nuclear missiles into Cuba
Compromise
1. Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba
2. The US would promise never to invade Cuba
3. The Us would secretly remove our nuclear missiles from Turkey within 6 months
Nixon visits China
1. opened relations with communist China
Nixon visits Moscow
Soviets invade Afghanistan-1979
Ronald Reagan Becomes President-1981
Berlin Wall comes down - November 9, 1989
Boris Yeltsin- President of Russia - 1991-1999
Why the US won
1. We had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn't
2. China started siding with us after 1972
3. The soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US's was flourishing
4. The strong anti-communist presidency of Reagan
5. Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform
6. Arms reduction talks
7. Soviet Mistakes
  1. invasion of Afghanistan
  2. ignoring social concerns
  3. spent everything on military
Post-Cold War
1. In the 1990's the world seemed more peaceful
2. No major threat to worry about
3. President Clinton closed down numerous military bases
4. 9-11 caught the US off guard
Putin New Leader in Russia

Friday-

The Korean Conflict
1. The forgotten war
2. 1950-1953
Korea was invaded and ruled by Japan from 1910-1945
After WWII, Korea was split into two-North(USSR) and South(US) at the 38th parallel
An election was going to be held to eventually unify Korea
Kim Il-Sung
1. Father of communism in Korea
North Korea invades South Korea
1. June 25, 1950
South Korean troops were pushed way down to the Pusan corner
1. September 14, 1950
united Nations sent troops to South Korea to push back against North Korea
China pushes the troops back to Seoul
We then push them back to about the border
Armistice is signed in 1953
MacArthur is fired by President Truman
About 2 million deaths
North Korea struggles
1. no internet
2. not enough food
South Korea is flourishing

Vietnam War

The Vietnam Conflict
1. 1950-1975
Vietnam was part of French-IndoChina
After WWII Vietnam was granted independence
Geneva Conference- 1954
1. Said that Vietnam was not independent and they were going to split the country into two.
Escalation
1. Sent our(US) military advisers
2. Start sending special forces
3. Started sending more troops(defensive troops)
4. 1964- Regular troops were used for offensive combat
5. 64-68- more troops are sent
The Tet offensive- 1968
1. The Tet- holiday
2. mas offensive
3. Pentagon papers
  1. someone leaked to the press about how the government had not been telling the whole truth about the Vietnam war
How people got out of serving
1. Went to Canada or Sweden
2. Went to college
3. Got married
4. Medically unfit for service
5. Joined the National Guard or Peace Corps
6. Claimed to be homosexual
Nixon called for the "vietnamization" of the war
1. get out of the war.
2. 1973
The next year, the North invades the south and takes it over.

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Week of May 1-5

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