Week of March 7th-11th

Monday: Took WWII notes and had presentations

Tuesday: Took WWII notes and watch presentations

Wednesday: ABSENT DUE TO MOCK TRIAL

Thursday: Took WWII notes and had presentations

Friday: Took WWII notes and had presentations

WWII Notes:

Great Britain
- Results of the war
  - UK lost its leading position in the world
  - UK lost many colonies
  - New international peace organizations
Soviet Union
- Major Events Between
  - Russian Civil War
    - Nov. 1917- Oct. 1922
    - After the fall of the Tsar and the Russian Revolution the Russian empire was unstable
    - Between the Reds and whites the red army was fighting the communists the
    - The white army was favored for the militarism
  - Stalin's Five Year Plan
    - A series of nationalized plans for the economic development of the SOviet Union
    - Had unrealistic goals in the industrial development
    - Brought all industry a
    - Collectivism- the practice or principly of giving a group priority over each individual in it
    - Nationalism- is the process of transforming private assets into public assets by brig them under the public ownership of a national government or state
    - The government took over all the farms and businesses
  - Soviet and German Non Aggression Pact
    - Signed on Aug. 23, 1939 only days before begining of WWII
      Said that there was a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and that neither party would ally itself to, or aid any enemy of the other party
    - Pact was broke when germany attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941
- Basic Facts
  - Death
    - Civilian- 7 million
    - Military- 13 million
    - Total 20 million
  - Cost
    - More than 3.5 trillion today
  - Weapons
    - Mosin Nagant Model 1891 Rifle
    - Pistolet-Pulemyot Shpagina
  - INteresting facts
    - 80% of Soviet males born in 1923 didn't survive in WWII
    - More russians (military and civilians) lost their lives during the Siege of Leningrad than did American and British soldiers combines in all of WWII
    - Soviet Unions and apart of the Allied Powers
  - War Goals
    - Expand as much as possible in all directions
    - Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia
    - Destroy rival, Nazi Germany
    - Expand Soviet Communism system to control people and resources
    - Invade Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Eastern Poland, Final resists, other fall under Soviet Control
    - Launches invasion into Germany from east, helping to force Nazi surrender
  - IMPact on Soviet Union
    - Economy went down
    - Quarter of countries capital resources are destroyed
    - Industrial and agricultural output in 1945 fell far short of prewar levels
    - To help rebuild country
    - Germany made reparations to Soviet Unions
    - They won
    - Postwar reconstruction period, Stalin tightened domestic controls, justifying the repression by playing up the threat of war with West
    - The USSR keeps nothern part of East Prussia, w/ gain of territory
    - Cold War
      - Postwar Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe fueld many Americans' fears of Russian plan to control the world
      - WWII,, US and Soviet Union fought as allies against the Axis Powers
      - After war ended, grievances became an overwhelming sense of mutual distrust
    - Why they Won
      - Use to cold winters
      - Germany invaded land that was too big
      - Had more people
      - Forced Germans back to Germany
      - Underestimated them
      - More troops (more allies)
- Important Military People
  - Joseph Stalin
    - Part of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917
      - Appointed General Secretary in 1922
    - Came into Power in 1922
      - Took control in 1924
    - Ruthless and determined
    - August 23rd, 1939-Signed Non-Agression Pact with Naazi Germany
      - Soviet invaded in June 1941
    - Attended Allied Conferences
  - Georgy Zhukov
    - Chief of General Staff
    - Later became Deputy Commander in Chief in the Department of Defense
    - Signed the "Directive of People"
      - Called for a counterattack on Operation Barbarossa
      - Ultimately failed
    - Captured Berlin, Germany
      - Commanded the Battle of Berlin
    - Still one of the most celebrated commanders
  - Nikita Khrushchev
    - Worked his way up the ranks through the Russian Civil War and WWII
      - Worked his way up by supporting Stalin and his purges
    - Appointed COmmissar by Stalin
      - Keep a tight lease on commanders
      - Stationed in Poland and Kiev
    - After Stalin's death in 1953, he gained power
- Battle Strategies
  - Deep Operation
    - Created by men in the Bolshevik Revolution
    - Called for particular operations
    - Created a new depth of military intelligence
  - Maskirovka
    - Use speed and deception to catch enemies off guard
      - Camouflage
    - Battle of Stalingrad
  - Scorched Earth Policy
    - Burn or destroy all crops, buildings, and resources that could be used by the enemy
      - Soviet Union burned down anything to do with:
        Technology
        Food
        Resources
        Settlements
  - Winter Strategy
    - Germany began invading the SOviet Union in June 1941
      - Operation Barbarossa
    - Soviet Union retreated until December 1941
    - Winter cons
      - Farther into Soviet Union, the less supply lines
      - Harsh, winter conditions
      - Scorched Policy left nothing behind (no warmth)
    - Due to the counterattacks and weather, Germany was pushed, slowly out, out of the Soviet Union
  - Stalin's Strategy
    - Extreme "Patriotism"
      - Don't die a traitor, die a hero
      - Die fighting for your country
      - Get killed fighting or get killed not fighting
- Important Military and Country Leaders
  - Stalin
    - Josef Stalin (Losif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili)
    - Grew up in poverty
    - Studied priesthood-was soon kicked out
    - Became an underground political agitator
    - Took part in many strikes
    - 1907 changed his name to Stalin "steel"
    - Exiled to Siberia multiple times
    - Age 73
    - Died March 5, 1953 of a heart attack
    - Came to Power
      - Joined a socialist group/readings of Karl Marx
      - Devoted much of his time to revolutionary movement against Russian monarchy
      - Lenin and Stalin organize Russian Revolution promised "peace, land, and bread"
      - Country descends into civil war
      - Soviet Union founded in 22, Lenin as leader
      - Lenin appoints Stalin to be General Secretary of Communist Party
      - Lenin dies in 24, Stalin promotes himself as political heir
    - Anyone who was thought to be against communism was sent to camps or killed
    - Purges-enemy rivals
    - "reign of Terror"
    - Manufactured famines (Ukraine)
    - Camps
    - Executions
    - 8 million arrest
- Homefront
  - Massive destruction
  - Implemented rationing in 1941
  - Women/children worked in factories
  - Marriage and birth rates dropped
  - Were used to shortages
  - Leningrad
    - Sept. 1941- Jan 144
    - German army surrounded the city
    - Hunger, malnutrition, disease, cannibalism
    - 400,000
    - 2.5 million- 2 million
    - "Road of Life"
      - Crossed a frozen lake to try and get out of the surrounded city
    - Factory work
    - Crime went up
- Major Battles
  - Battle of Leningrad
    - June, 22 1941
    - Lasted 872 days
    - Operation Barbarossa
    - Lake Ladoga
    - Never Surrendered
    - January 1944
    - Soviet Union win
    - 3,436, 066 casualties
  - Battle of Moscow
    - September 30, 1941
    - Part of Operation Barbarossa
    - Turning point in the war
    - January 7, 1942 ended
    - Soviet Union won
    - 650,000-1.200.000
  - Battle of Stalingrad
    - July 17, 1942
    - Major industrial and communications for Soviet Union
    - Turning point in the war
    - Stopped Germany forces advancing
    - Soviet Union won
    - Over 1 million casualties
  - Battle of Berlin
    - April 16, 1945
    - Soviet Union attacked the Oder River
    - Took over the city
    - May 2, German generals surrendered to the Soviet Union
    - 1,298,745 casualties

Blogs

Week of March 7th-11th

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