Monday-
Great Britain
- Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- London Naval Conference
- 1930
- Was the third in a series of five meetings
- Formed with the purpose of placing limits on the naval capacity of the world's largest naval powers
- League of Nations
- Formed in 1920's
- Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
- Created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes
- Great Britain joined this
- WWI Payments
- Germany had to pay Great Britain payments to help them repair all the damage
- They had to pay Great Britain about $34 billion
- Germany had to pay a total of 132 billion Reichsmarks for the damage that was done
- Washington Naval Conference
- Between 1921-1922
- The world's largest naval powers gathered in Washington, DC for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and way to relieve growing tensions in East Asia
- Signed the 4, 5, and 9 Power Pacts
- Munich Conference
- September 28-29, 1938
- Leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy, agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia '
- Kellogg Briand Pact
- 1928
- An agreement to outlaw war
- Signed on August 27, 1928
- Aka "Pact of Paris"
- The Great Depression
- Impacted Great Britain just like anyone else
- Largest economic depression of the 20th century in the UK
- American markets crashed in 1929
- Huge unemployment rate
- 1930's- Road to War
- Signed of threat from Germany
- Neville Chamberlain's Policy of Appeasement
- Give Germany back the Sudetenland
- War declaration on Germany in 1939
- London Naval Conference
- Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- Alliances
- United States, China, Denmark, Greece, Mexico, Soviet Union, France, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada (Allied Powers)
- Big 5: US, Great Britain, France, China, Soviet Union
- Casualties
- Military- 326,000
- Civilian- 62,000
- Deaths
- Military- 452,000
- Civilian- 60,000
- Allies- 44 million total
- Cost
- 1945: $120 billion
- Would be $1.6 trillion in 2015
- War Goals
- Stop Hitler
- Survive
- Win
- Alliances
- Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
- Winston Churchill
- Background
- Born November 30, 1874 and died at the age of 90 in 1965
- Was sent to boarding school near London
- In 1893, he headed off to military school
- Later became a journalist
- He took place as prime minister in 1940
- How he came to power
- He gained more members in his conservative party
- How he lost power
- Attlee won all the votes in the 1945 electron
- (Right after he lead the allies to victory)
- Attlee
- How he came to power
- Won the 1945 election
- Took over for Churchill during the last two months of WWII
- How he came to power
- Chamberlain
- How he came to power
- Lead Britain in the first 8 months of WWII
- How he came to power
- Background
- Winston Churchill
- Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
- Limited domestic consumption
- They had to forcibly reduce citizens' consumption
- Children were sent to live in the country
- They had many propaganda runs that prevent or delayed the press from publishing information that would damage public spirits such as photos of bomb damaged houses in the poor part of London
- Women grew food, recycled, and became factory workers
- Discuss major battle strategies
- To outlast the Germans, to never surrender to the Germans, survive the German bombing campaigns
- Get airplanes up to fight German bombings
- Focus on defeating Germany (the soft underbelly of Europe) and Italy first, instead of invading France right away
- Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
- The Battle of North Africa
- June 10, 1940 to May 13, 1943
- Suez Canal
- Wanted oil in the middle east and materials from Asia
- Britain was dependent on oil
- Battle of Britain
- July 10, 1940- October 31, 1940
- Hitler wanted air superiority over Royal Air Forces and Britain
- The Luftwaffe targets RAF airfields and raids cities
- The British people show great resistance to the assault
- Germany fails to destroy British air defenses
- British and Allies had radar so they were able to get planes up and fight back
- Battle of Italy
- September 3, 1943 to 1944
- US and Great Britain planned to invade
- Plan was to get Italy out of the war
- Italy surrendered and the Allies won
- The Battle of North Africa
- Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
- Winston Churchill (Prime Minister of Britain)
- Hugh Dowding (Commander of the Royal Air Force)
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
- Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
- Throughout WWII, Britain was run by the government
- More and more government became involved in people's lives during the war
- Most people welcomed this government intervention
- UK lost its leading position in the world
- UK lost many colonies
- New international peace organizations
Tuesday-
The Soviet Union
- Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- November 1917-October 1922
- After the fall of the Tsar and the Russian Revolution, the Russian empire was unstable
- Between the "Reds" and the "whites"
- The Red Army was fighting for communism
- The White Army favored monarchism and capitalism
- The Reds won
- Stalin's Five Year Plan
- A series of nationalized plans for the economic development of the Soviet Union
- Had unrealistic goals in the industrial development
- Brought all industry and industrial development under state control by collectivism and nationalization
- Collectivism: the practice of giving a group priority over each individual in it
- Nationalization: the process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state
- The government took over all the farms and businesses
- Soviet and German Non-Aggression Pact
- Signed on August 23. 1939 only days before beginning of WWII
- Said that there was a guarantee of non=belligerence by each party towards the other, and that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party
- Pact was broke when Germany attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941
- November 1917-October 1922
- Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- Deaths
- Total deaths: 23,100,000
- Military deaths: 10,700,000
- Civilian deaths: 12,400,000
- Jewish Holocaust deaths: 1,000,000
- Financial Cost of the War
- $192 billion
- Would be $2,857,311,186,289.56 in today's money
- War Goals
- Expand as much as possible in all directions
- Get Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia
- Destroy Nazi Germany
- Expand Soviet Communist System to control people and resources
- Invade Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Eastern Poland
- Invade Germany from the east, helping to force Nazi surrender
- Deaths
- Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
- Joseph Stalin
- Background
- Changed last named to Stalin in 1907, which means steel
- Grew up in poverty
- Studied priesthood and was soon kicked out
- Became an underground political agitator
- Took part in many strikes
- Exiled to Siberia multiple times for doing things like robbing banks
- Died at 73 on March 5, 1953 due to a heart attack
- How He Came to Power
- Joined a socialist group
- Devoted much of his time to revolution movement against Russian monarchy
- Lenin and Stalin organized the Russian Revolution
- The country went into a civil war
- The Soviet Union was founded in 19222, Lenin as the leader
- Lenin appoints Stalin to be General Secretary of Communist Party
- Lenin died in 1924, Stalin promotes himself as political heir
- Stalin in Power
- Anyone who was thought to be against communism was sent to camps or killed
- There were purges killing the enemies
- There were also manufactured famines, thousands of people died each day
- There were camps and executions, lots of people killed
- Stalin had a severe trust issue
- Background
- Joseph Stalin
- Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
- Fighting in Russia
- Massive destruction
- Implemented rationing in 1941
- Women and children worked in factories, you would get a larger amount of rations if you worked
- Marriage and birth rates dropped
- Leningrad
- "Siege of Leningrad"
- September 1941- January 1944
- 2.5 million people were living in Leningrad at the time
- Germany army surrounded the city
- This caused hunger, malnutrition, disease, and cannibalism
- Around 1 million people died
- "Road to Life"- people would try to cross Lake Ladoga when it froze over in order to escape, wasn't very successful
- Discuss major battle strategies
- Deep Operation
- Created by the men of the Bolshevik Revolution
- Called for particular operations
- Created a new depth of military intelligence
- Maskirovka
- Use speed and deception to catch enemies off guard
- Especially during Russian Winters
- Camouflage
- Scorched Earth Policy
- Burn or destroy all crops, buildings, and resources that could be used by the enemy
- Soviets would burn down anything to do with:
- technology
- food
- resources
- settlements
- This left the Germans with absolutely nothing
- Winter Strategy
- Germany began invading the Soviet Union in June 1941 (Operation Barbarossa)
- Soviet Union retreated until December 1941
- Winter cons:
- Farther into Soviet Union, longer supply lines
- Harsh winter conditions
- Scorched Policy left nothing behind (no warmth)
- Due to the counterattacks and weather, Germany was pushed slowly out of the Soviet Union
- Stalin's Strategy
- Extreme patriotism
- "Don't die a traitor, die a hero"
- "Die fighting for your country"
- "Get killed fighting or get killed not fighting"
- Deep Operation
- Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
- Battle of Leningrad
- June 22, 1941
- Lasted 872 days
- Was a part of Operation Barbarossa
- Germans surrounded Leningrad
- Soviets never surrendered
- Ended January 1944
- The Soviets broke through and won
- 3,436,066 died
- Battle of Moscow
- September 30, 1941
- Part of Operation Barbarossa
- Hitler thought he could capture it, but the Germans weren't prepared for Russian Winters
- Turning point in the war
- Ended January 7, 1942
- Soviet Union won
- 650,000-1,280,000 died
- Battle of Stalingrad
- July 17, 1942
- Major industrial and communications for Soviet Union
- Turning point because the Soviets won
- Stopped German forces from advancing to other cities
- Over 1 million casualties
- Battle of Berlin
- April 16, 1945
- Soviet Union attacked the Oder River around Germany
- Took over the city
- On May 2, German generals surrendered
- 1,298,745 casualties
- Battle of Leningrad
- Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
- Joseph Stalin
- Part of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917
- Appointed General Secretary in 1922
- Came into power in 1922
- Took control in 1924
- Ruthless and determined
- Killed anyone
- August 23rd, 1939- Signed non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany
- Soviets were invaded in June 1941 by Germany
- Attended Allied Conferences
- Georgy Zhukov
- Chief of General Staff
- Later became Deputy Commander in Chief in the Department of Defense
- Signed the "Directive of Peoples"
- Called for a counterattack on Operation Barbarossa (When Germany invaded Russia)
- Ultimately failed
- Captured Berlin, Germany
- Nikita Krushchev
- Worked his way up the ranks through the Russian Civil War and WWII
- Worked his way up by supporting Stalin and his purges
- Appointed Commissar by Stalin
- Kept a tight leash on commanders
- Stationed in Poland and Kiev
- After Stalin's death in 1953, he gained power
- Joseph Stalin
- Discuss why they won or lost the war
- Were used to the cold Russian Winters
- Germany invaded too big of land to take it all over
- Russia had more people
- Forced Germans back to Germany
- USSR was very underestimated
- The Allies had more troops altogether
- Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
- Economy
- Lost capital resources
- Industrial and agricultural output in 1945 fell far short of levels
- Germany made reparations to the Soviet Union
- Postwar, Stalin tightened domestic controls, justifying the repression by playing up the threat of war with the West
- The USSR keeps Northern part of East Prussia, with the gain of territory, USSR becomes leading world power
- Cold War
- Postwar Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe fueled many Americans' dear of a Russian plan to control the world
- The cold war was a state of political and military tension after WWII between powers in Western Bloc and powers in Easter Bloc
Wednesday- movie
Thursday- movie
Friday- no school
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