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Week of March 6-10

Posted by 1Kara on March 6, 2017 at 8:50am

Monday: notes

Germany's WWII Story (1919-1945)

  1. Fuhrer means leader
  2. Swastika was symbol of Nazi party 
  3. WWII Axis Powers
    1. Germany
    2. Italy
    3. Japan
    4. Spain (neutral) 
    5. France
    6. Hungary
    7. Croatia
    8. Romania
    9. Bulgaria
    10. Finland
    11. Slovakia
    12. Manchukuo 
  4. Treaty of Versailles 
    1. Led to the huge inflation after WWI 
    2. And led to WWII
    3. Territorial
      1. Germany lost land to 
        1. France
        2. Belgium
        3. Denmark
        4. Czechoslovakia
        5. Poland
        6. Took this land back over in WWII
      2. League of Nations took control of Germany's oversea colonies
      3. Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 
    4. Military
      1. Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men
      2. German army was not allowed tanks 
      3. Germany was not allowed to have an air force
      4. Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
      5. The Rhineland was made into a demilitarized zone
        1. No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone
        2. The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years
    5. Financial
      1. Loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy
        1. Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular
      2. Germany had to pay $33 billion to the Allies (Great Britain/France) 
    6. General
      1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war
        1. "War Guilt Clause"
      2. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria 
      3. A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace 
  5. German reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
    1. There was anger throughout Germany when the terms were made public 
    2. The Treaty was seen by many Germans as being forced on them and the Germans had no choice but to sign it 
    3. German representatives in Paris knew that they had no choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war again
    4. Many right wing groups such as the Nazis believed in the Dolchstoss Theory
      1. "Stab in the Back Theory"
      2. By signing the Treaty of Versailles they basically stabbed Germany in the back
    5. Blamed the "November Criminals" (the Weimer Republic) for accepting the treaty
  6. Weimar Republic
    1. New democratic government that was set up after WWI
  7. Adolf Hitler
    1. Born in 1889 in Austria 
    2. Family moved to Germany when he was 3
    3. Had 5 siblings-3 died in infancy
    4. Mom-Klara
    5. Dad-Alois 
    6. His brother, Edmund died in 1900
      1. After his brother's death, Hitler changed and became more moody and withdrawn
      2. Had more issues at school and with his dad
    7. Dad died in 1903 and his mom died in 1907
    8. In Mein Kampf, Hitler said he first became anti-Semitic during his time in Vienna, Austria 

Tuesday: notes

Vienna, Austria 1905-1913

  1. Hitler failed to get into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna two different times 
  2. Started selling paintings in the streets of Vienna
  3. Failed his examination to get into the Austro-Hungarian army in 1914
  4. Moved to Munich, Germany and joined the German army when WWI broke out in 1914

Hitler in WWI

  1. Hitler was wounded twice while serving
    1. Injured by a shell explosion
    2. Temporarily blinded by a mustard gas attack 
  2. There is a story that Hitler could have been shot by the French soldier, Henry Tandy, but was spared

Hitler After WWI

  1. Hitler starts spying on the new Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) for the German military
  2. Hitler quickly realized that this group discussed topics that he believed in
  3. Hitler dropped out of the military and joined the Nazi party and quickly rose to become the leader 

Hitler in Prison

  1. Sentenced to 5 years for treason (trying to overthrow the government)
  2. Served 9 months--got out early for good behavior
  3. In jail he wrote Mein Kampf (my battle)

Hitler's Rise to Power

  1. Hitler is appointed Chancellor in 1933
  2. President Paul von Hindenburg dies shortly after and Hitler dissolves the Weimer Republic 
  3. Early actions of Hitler
    1. Drops out of League of Nations
    2. Starts rearming Germany 
    3. Rearms the German Rhineland area 

Anschluss with Austria (1938)

  1. Hitler annexed Austria
  2. Germany and Austria were united 
  3. Austria wanted to let the people decide if they wanted to join Germany or remain independent
  4. Germany threatened to invade Austria if they didn't unite with Germany 
  5. Austria gave in and became part of Germany 

Sudetenland Crisis (1938)

  1. Munich Conference
    1. Hitler wanted to take over Czechoslovakia
    2. Hitler was able to take over areas that were over 50% German (Sudetenland) 
    3. They gave Hitler what he wanted to avoid war at all costs
      1. Neville Chamberlain
      2. Benito Mussolini
      3. Edouard Daladier
    4. Chamberlain
      1. Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia 
      2. Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories
      3. Hitler wanted to reunite all German speaking people
      4. Became known as the "Policy of Appeasement"

Wednesday: notes

Winston Churchill

  1. Opposed appeasement 
  2. WWI cost his political career
  3. People realized that Churchill was right and Great Britain needed to be tough on Germany in WWI

March, 1939

  1. Hitler takes over all of Czechoslovakia 1 year after Munich Conference 
  2. Hitler invites Czech president, Hacha, to a meeting in Germany
  3. Hitler lets Hacha talk 
  4. After Hacha is done, Hitler goes on a rampage
    1. Tells him that he is gonna take him over 
  5. Hacha eventually gave in because of major intimidation from Hitler 

Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact

  1. Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
  2. Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war
  3. Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland
    1. Germany would get the western half 
    2. USSR gets eastern half
    3. Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia
    4. Germany would get Lithuania
  4. How world reacted
    1. Shocked
    2. Poland was stuck "between a rock and a hard place"
    3. Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked

Blitzkrieg-Lightning War

  1. Air Force attacks enemy front-line and rear positions, main roads, airfields and communication centers
  2. At the same time, infantry attacks on the entire front line and engages enemy
  3. Tank units breakthrough main lines of defense and advance deeper into enemy territory
  4. Mechanized units pursue and engage defenders preventing them from establishing defensive positions
  5. Infantry continues to engage enemy for the same reason
  6. Infantry attacks enemy flanks in order to link up with other groups to complete the attack and eventually encircle the enemy and/or capture strategic position
  7. Main force links up with other units encircling and cutting off enemy
  8. Goal was to achieve victory as quickly as possible

Sitzkrieg-The Phony War- Winter 1939/40

  1. Waiting out the winter
  2. Phony war ends in Spring of 1940
  3. Then Hitler invades Denmark and Norway
  4. May and June of 1940 Hitler invades France and other countries 
    1. France builds "impenetrable" Maginot line

Miracle of Dunkirk

  1. June 4, 1940--Dunkirk evacuated
  2. Able to evacuate thousands and thousands of troops
  3. Gets the troops on ships and back to Great Britain
  4. One positive thing for France and Great Britain in the war
  5. Battle of France 
    1. France surrenders in June, 1940
    2. France is divided 
      1. Vichy French
        1. Pro-Nazi government in France
        2. Ruled by French
        3. Hitler allowed Vichy French to be in control of Southern France
      2. Allies (Free French Underground) 

Thursday: notes

Axis Powers

  1. Tripartite Pact
    1. Where Germany, Japan and Italy signed to form an alliance 
    2. All three helped each other out 
    3. Alliance with Japan is believed to cost Germany the war 
  2. Axis Invasion of the Balkans (Yugoslavia)--1941
    1. Split among the axis powers 
    2. Great Britain is all alone
      1. Only country holding the line in Europe 

Nazi Goals for Battle of Britain

  1. Destroy the Royal Air Force before invasion was possible 
  2. Attack and destroy the British Navy
  3. Attack British troops
  4. Once air control was gained, the invasion of Great Britain would begin 
  5. --Germany never succeeded in achieving #1--
  6. --German bombers did so poorly against the Royal Air Force that they started bombing only at night--
  7. --Great Britain was aided heavily by the radar and Ultra--
  8. Operation Lion
    1. Code name given to Battle of Britain

Royal Air Force

  1. Without RAF shooting down German planes, the invasion would have happened
  2. Great Britain would have probably lost the war without the RAF

Luftwaffe

  1. Germany's Air Force
  2. Luftwaffe vs Royal Air Force
  3. Planes were not as fast as RAF which is why they got shot down 

Results of Battle of Britain

  1. In May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports
    1. Thus stopped attacking cities
  2. British losses
    1. Around 40,000 civilians dead
    2. 46,000-139,000 injured
  3. German losses
    1. 3,363 aircrew
    2. 2,254 aircraft
  4. Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals 

German Invasion of USSR--June, 1941

  1. Final plan for Operation Barbarossa 
    1. Code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union

Friday: no school

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