Blogs

Week of March 3-7

Posted by 1Kara on April 3, 2017 at 8:51am

Monday:

WWII Movie Summary/Reviews

Tuesday:

Watched World Wars Video

Wednesday:

Watched World Wars Video

Thursday: notes

United State's War Story

Main Allied Powers

  1. Great Britain
  2. Soviet Union 
  3. United States
  4. China
  5. France

Europe

  1. Belgium Czechoslovakia
  2. Denmark
  3. Greece
  4. Norway

Africa

  1. Egypt
  2. Ethiopia
  3. Liberia
  4. South Africa

Asia/Other

  1. China
  2. India
  3. Iran
  4. Iraq
  5. Australia
  6. Canada

US After WWI

  1. US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
    1. Wilson (democrat) vs Congress (republican controlled)
    2. Join the League of Nations or go back to isolationism?
  2. Republican Warren Harding won the 1920 presidential election with a promise to "Return to Normalcy"
  3. The US went back to focusing on America in the 1920's and 1930's

Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

  1. 4 Power Pact
    1. US, Great Britain, France and Japan would respect each other's possessions in the Pacific
  2. 5 Power Pact
    1. Signed by Great Britain, the US, Japan, France and Italy
    2. Designed to prevent an arms race
    3. It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
    4. Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers or submarines
  3. 9 Power Pact
    1. Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
    2. Signed by the US, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Portugal

Kellogg-Briand Pact

  1. Kellogg-Briand Pact
    1. The US did sign the Kellogg-Briand Pact denouncing war as a means to settle disputes

Neutrality in General

  1. The Neutrality Acts were passed by the US in the 1930's in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WWII
  2. They were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the US following WWI
  3. Passed to ensure that the Us would not become involved in war conflicts
  4. US had very strong history of isolationism

American First Committee

  1. Non-interventionist pressure group against the American entry into WWII

US Neutrality Acts during 1930's

  1. Neutrality Act of 1935
    1. Stop trading with countries at war
    2. Banned US trade of arms and war materials with any country at war
    3. Also declared that US citizens traveling on warring ships traveled at their own risk 
  2. Neutrality Act of 1936
    1. Stop loaning money to countries at war
    2. Renewed provisions of 1935 act
    3. Forbade all loans or credits to belligerents
    4. Did not cover "civil wars"
    5. Did not cover materials suck as trucks and oil
  3. Neutrality Act of 1937
    1. Cash and Carry System--weapons not included
    2. Included provisions of the earlier acts
    3. Included civil wars
    4. US ships were prohibited from transporting any passengers or items to belligerents
    5. US citizens were forbidden from traveling on ships of belligerent nations
    6. FDR believes that cash-and-carry would help France and Great Britain in the event of war with Germany
    7. FDR chose not to invoke the Neutrality Acts on Japan and China since they had not formally declared war 
  4. Neutrality Act of 1939
    1. Cash and Carry System--weapons included
    2. Allowed for arms trade with belligerent nations on a cash-and-carry basis
    3. US citizens and ships were barred from entering war zones designated by the President 

Bases for Destroyers

  1. Passed in September, 1940 between US and Great Britain
  2. 50 US destroyers were given to Great Britain in exchange for land rights on British colonies for naval or air base purposes
    1. Newfoundland
    2. Eastern side of Bahamas
    3. Southern coast of Jamaica
    4. Western coast of St. Lucia
    5. West coast of Trinidad
    6. Antigua
    7. British Guiana
    8. Bermuda 

End of US Neutrality--Lend Lease Act

  1. The end of neutrality for the US came with the Lend-Lease Act, passed in March, 1941
  2. This act allowed the US to sell, lend or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
  3. US gave $50 billion ($650 billion today) to Allied nations throughout the war 
  4. What we gave countries
    1. Munitions
    2. Agricultural products
    3. Industrial materials
    4. Services 

Selective Training and Service Act

  1. Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for the draft
  2. Extended to all men ages 18 to 45 once US entered war
  3. First peacetime draft in US history
  4. How did the draft work?
    1. Local draft boards were set up from coast to coast
    2. Each male registered was given a number between 1-7,836
    3. In Washington, papers with the numbers 1 through 7,836 printed on them were put into capsules, one number to a capsule
    4. The capsules were dumped into a giant fishbowl and then stirred
    5. Finally the capsules were drawn from the bowl one by one to establish the draft order
    6. If your number was chose you were now officially part of the US military
    7. 158 was the 1st number chosen (6175 young men were drafted with that number)

Friday: notes

  • Syrian Missile Attack

Atlantic Charter

  1. Signed in August 1941 between the US (FDR) and Great Britain (Churchill)
  2. Defined the Allied goals for the post-war world
    1. Many similarities to Wilson's 14 points

WWII Major Battle Timeline vs Japan

  1. Pear Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)
  2. Battle of the Philippines (1942 and 1944)
  3. Doolittle's Raid (April, 1942)
  4. Battle of Coral Sea (May, 1942)
  5. Battle of Midway (June, 1942)
  6. Battle of Guadalcanal (1942-43)
  7. Battle of Saipan (1944)
  8. Battle of Guam (1944)
  9. Battle of Iwo Jima (1945)
  10. Battle of Okinawa (1945)
  11. Hiroshima/ Nagasaki Bombing (Aug, 1945) 

WWII Major Battle/ Operations Timeline vs Germany

  1. Battle of the Atlantic (1941-45)
  2. Operation Torch (Invasion of Morocco) (1942)
  3. Operation Avalanche (Invasion of Italy) (1943)
    1. Battle of Salerno (1943)
    2. Battle of Anzio (1944)
    3. Battle of Monte Cassino (1944)
  4. Operation Overlord (D-Day) (June 6, 1944)
  5. Operation Dragoon (Invasion of southern France) (August, 1944)
  6. Battle of the Bulge (Hitler's last major offensive) (Winter 1944-45)
  7. Operation Varsity (Invasion of western Germany past the Rhine River) (March 1945)
  8. Fighting in Germany--Issues with the Siegfried Line (WestWall)

German U-Boats

  1. After repeated attacks by German U-boats on US ships in the fall of 1941, FDR announced that he had ordered the US Navy to attack German and Italian war ships in the "waters which we deem necessary for our defense"
  2. War was imminent

How did the US/Allies fight back against U-boat warfare?

  1. Convoy System
    1. As we traveled across the ocean we went in large groups (convoys)
    2. Hunter-Killer Convoy Groups
      1. Hunter-killer groups would typically be formed around an escort aircraft carrier that would provide aerial reconnaissance and air cover for the convoy group
      2. Hunter-Killer groups would consist of 
        1. Corvettes
        2. Destroyers
        3. Destroyer escorts
        4. Frigates
        5. United States Coast Guard Cutters armed with depth charges and Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar
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